Union Calendar No. 50
117th CONGRESS 1st Session |
[Report No. 117–72]
To provide guidance for and investment in the research and development activities of the Department of Energy Office of Science, and for other purposes.
May 28, 2021
Ms. Johnson of Texas (for herself, Mr. Lucas, Mr. Bowman, and Mr. Weber of Texas) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
June 28, 2021
Additional sponsors: Mr. McNerney, Mrs. Bice of Oklahoma, Ms. Ross, Mr. Waltz, Mr. Perlmutter, Mr. Meijer, Mr. Beyer, Mr. Baird, Mr. Morelle, Mr. Gimenez, Ms. Moore of Wisconsin, Mr. Obernolte, Ms. Bonamici, Mr. Babin, Mr. Crist, Mr. Gonzalez of Ohio, Mr. Grijalva, Mrs. Kim of California, Mr. Foster, Mr. Feenstra, Mr. San Nicolas, Miss González-Colón, Ms. Leger Fernandez, Mr. LaTurner, Mr. Norcross, Mr. Kildee, Ms. Wild, Ms. Stevens, Ms. Lofgren, Mr. Sherman, Ms. Sherrill, Ms. Stansbury, Mr. Bera, Mrs. Fletcher, Mr. Tonko, and Mr. Lamb
June 28, 2021
Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed
[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic]
[For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on May 28, 2021]
To provide guidance for and investment in the research and development activities of the Department of Energy Office of Science, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
This Act may be cited as the “Department of Energy Science for the Future Act”.
SEC. 2. Mission of the Office of Science.
Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(d) User facilities.—The Director shall carry out the construction, operation, and maintenance of user facilities to support the mission described in subsection (c). As practicable, these facilities shall serve the needs of the Department, industry, the academic community, and other relevant entities for the purposes of advancing the missions of the Department, improving the competitiveness of the United States, protecting public health and safety, and addressing other national priorities including emergencies.
“(e) Coordination.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary—
“(A) shall ensure the coordination of the Office of Science with the other activities of the Department;
SEC. 3. Basic energy sciences program.
(a) Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act.—Section 303 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18641) is amended—
(2) by inserting before subsection (c), as so redesignated, the following:
“(a) Program.—As part of the activities authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out a research and development program in basic energy sciences, including materials sciences and engineering, chemical sciences, physical biosciences, geosciences, and other disciplines, to understand, model, and control matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels in order to provide the foundations for new energy technologies, address scientific grand challenges, and support the energy, environment, and national security missions of the Department.
“(b) Sustainable chemistry.—In carrying out chemistry-related research and development activities under this section, the Director shall prioritize research and development of sustainable chemistry to support clean, safe, and economic alternatives and methodologies to traditional chemical products and processes.”;
(4) in subsection (d), as so redesignated, by adding at the end the following:
“(4) ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE UPGRADE.—
“(B) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source described in the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility Upgrades’, including the development of a multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray energy region and a suite of beamlines optimized for this source.
“(5) SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE PROTON POWER UPGRADE.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the proton power upgrade to the Spallation Neutron Source.
“(B) PROTON POWER UPGRADE DEFINED.—For the purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘proton power upgrade’ means the Spallation Neutron Source power upgrade described in—
“(i) the publication titled ‘Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook’, published by the Office of Science of the Department of Energy in December, 2003;
“(6) SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE SECOND TARGET STATION.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for a second target station for the Spallation Neutron Source.
“(B) SECOND TARGET STATION DEFINED.—For the purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘second target station’ means the Spallation Neutron Source second target station described in—
“(i) the publication titled, ‘Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook’, published by the Office of Science of the Department of Energy in December, 2003;
“(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the second target station under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2030, with the option for early operation in 2029.
“(7) ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE UPGRADE.—
“(B) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Light Source described in the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility Upgrades’, including the development of a multibend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy region.
“(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs before September 30, 2029.
“(8) LINAC COHERENT LIGHT SOURCE II HIGH ENERGY UPGRADE.—
“(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph:
“(i) HIGH ENERGY X-RAY.—The term ‘high energy x-ray’ means a photon with an energy in the 5 to 13 kiloelectron volt range.
“(B) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall—
“(i) provide for the upgrade to the Linac Coherent Light Source II facility described in the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility Upgrades’, including the development of experimental capabilities for high energy x-rays to reveal fundamental scientific discoveries; and
“(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2026.
“(9) CRYOMODULE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE FACILITY.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the construction of a cryomodule repair and maintenance facility to service the Linac Coherent Light Source II and upgrades to the facility. The Secretary shall consult with the private sector, universities, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure that this facility has the capability to maintain, repair, and test superconducting radiofrequency accelerator components.
“(10) NANOSCALE SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTER RECAPITALIZATION PROJECT.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the recapitalization of the Nanoscale Science Research Centers, to include the upgrade of equipment at each Center supported by the Office of Science on the date of enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, to accelerate advances in the various fields of science including nanoscience, materials, chemistry, biology, and quantum information science.
(5) by adding at the end the following:
“(h) Computational materials and chemical sciences.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support a program of research and development for the application of advanced computing practices to foundational and emerging research problems in chemistry and materials science. Research activities shall include—
“(B) the use of large data sets to model materials phenomena, including through advanced characterization of materials, materials synthesis, processing, and innovative use of experimental and theoretical data;
“(2) COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES CENTERS.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the activities authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall select and establish up to six computational materials and chemical sciences centers to—
“(B) SELECTION.—The Director shall select centers under subparagraph (A) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Director shall consider applications from the National Laboratories, institutes of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
“(C) DURATION.—
“(i) Materials research database.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support the development of a web-based platform to develop and provide access to a database of computed information on known and predicted materials properties and computational tools to accelerate breakthroughs in materials discovery and design.
“(2) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this subsection, the Director shall—
“(A) conduct cooperative research with industry, academia, and other research institutions to advance understanding, prediction, and manipulation of materials and facilitate the design of novel materials;
“(B) develop and maintain data infrastructure at user facilities that generate data to collect, analyze, label, and otherwise prepare the data for inclusion in the database;
(b) Artificial photosynthesis.—Section 973 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is amended—
(c) Electricity storage research initiative.—Section 975 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C.16315) is amended—
SEC. 4. Biological and environmental research.
(a) Program; biological systems; biomolecular characterization and imaging science.—Section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) is amended—
(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
“(a) Program.—As part of the duties of the Director authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), and coordinated with the activities authorized under sections 303 and 304 of this Act, the Director shall carry out a program of research and development in the areas of biological systems science and climate and environmental science, including subsurface science, relevant to the development of new energy technologies and to support the energy, environmental, and national security missions of the Department.
“(b) Biological systems.—The Director shall carry out research and development activities in genomic science including fundamental research on plants and microbes to increase systems-level understanding of the complex biological systems, which may include activities to—
“(1) accelerate breakthroughs and new knowledge that would enable the cost-effective, sustainable production of—
“(2) improve fundamental understanding of plant and microbial processes impacting the global carbon cycle, including processes for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, through photosynthesis and other biological processes, for sequestration and storage;
“(3) understand the microbiome mechanisms used to transform, immobilize, or remove contaminants from subsurface environments;
“(4) develop the computational approaches and integrated platforms for open access collaborative science;
“(5) leverage tools and approaches across the Office of Science to expand research to include novel processes, methods, and science to develop bio-based chemicals, polymers, inorganic materials, including research to—
“(c) Biomolecular characterization and imaging science.—The Director shall carry out research and development activities in biomolecular characterization and imaging science, including development of integrative imaging and analysis platforms and biosensors to understand the expression, structure, and function of genome information encoded within cells and for real-time measurements in ecosystems and field sites of relevance to the mission of the Department of Energy.”; and
(b) Bioenergy research centers.—Section 977(f) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317(f)) is amended to read as follows:
“(f) Bioenergy research centers.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the program under section 306(a) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644(a)), the Director shall support up to six bioenergy research centers to conduct fundamental research in plant and microbial systems biology, biological imaging and analysis, and genomics, and to accelerate advanced research and development of biomass-based liquid transportation fuels, bioenergy, or biobased materials, chemicals, and products that are produced from a variety of regionally diverse feedstocks, and to facilitate the translation of research results to industry. The activities of the centers authorized under this subsection may include—
“(A) accelerating the domestication of bioenergy-relevant plants, microbes, and associated microbial communities to enable high-impact, value-added coproduct development at multiple points in the bioenergy supply chain;
“(2) SELECTION AND DURATION.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—A center established under paragraph (1) shall be selected on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations, beginning on the date of establishment of that center.
“(3) RENEWAL.—After the end of either period described in paragraph (2), the Director may renew support for the center for a period of not more than 5 years on a merit-reviewed basis. For a center in operation for 10 years after its previous selection on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, the Director may renew support for the center on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 years, and may subsequently provide an additional renewal on a merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 years.
“(4) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the existing authorities of the Department, the Director may terminate an underperforming center for cause during the performance period.
“(5) ACTIVITIES.—Centers shall undertake research activities to accelerate the production of biofuels and bioproducts from advanced biomass resources by identifying the most suitable species of plants for use as energy crops; and improving methods of breeding, propagation, planting, producing, harvesting, storage and processing. Activities may include the following:
“(A) Research activities to increase sustainability, including—
“(i) advancing knowledge of how bioenergy crop interactions with biotic and abiotic environmental factors influence crop growth, yield, and quality;
“(B) Research activities to further feedstock development, including lignocellulosic, algal, gaseous wastes including carbon oxides and methane, and direct air capture of single carbon gases via plants and microbes, including—
“(i) developing genetic and genomic tools, high-throughput analytical tools, and biosystems design approaches to enhance bioenergy feedstocks and their associated microbiomes;
“(C) Research activities to improve lignocellulosic deconstruction and separation methods, including—
“(i) developing feedstock-agnostic deconstruction processes capable of efficiently fractionating biomass into targeted output streams;
“(D) Research activities to improve the feedstock conversion process for advanced biofuels and bioproducts, including—
“(i) developing high-throughput methods to screen or select high-performance microbial strains and communities to improve product formation rates, yields, and selectivity;
“(ii) establishing a broad set of platform microorganisms and microbial communities suitable for metabolic engineering to produce biofuels and bioproducts, as well as high-throughput methods for experimental validation of gene function;
“(iii) developing techniques to enhance microbial robustness for tolerating toxins to improve biofuel and bioproduct yields and to gain a better understanding of the cellular and molecular bases of tolerance for major chemical classes of inhibitors found in these processes;
“(iv) advancing technologies for the use of batch, continuous, as well as consolidated bioprocessing;
“(v) identifying, creating, and optimizing microbial and chemical pathways to produce promising, atom-economical intermediates and final bioproducts from biomass with considerations given to environmentally benign processes;
“(vi) developing high-throughput, real-time, in situ analytical techniques to understand and characterize the pre- and post-bioproduct separation streams in detail;
“(vii) creating methodologies for efficiently identifying viable target molecules, identifying high-value bioproducts in existing biomass streams, and utilizing current byproduct streams;
“(6) INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS.—Centers shall establish industry partnerships to translate research results to commercial applications.
“(7) COORDINATION.—In coordination with the Bioenergy Technologies Office of the Department, the Director shall support interdisciplinary research activities to improve the capacity, efficiency, resilience, security, reliability, and affordability, of the production and use of biofuels and bioproducts, as well as activities to enable positive impacts and avoid the potential negative impacts that the production and use of biofuels and bioproducts may have on ecosystems, people, and historically marginalized communities.”.
(c) Low-dose radiation research program.—Section 306(e)(8) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644(c)(8)), as redesignated under subsection (a), is amended—
(d) Low-dose radiation and space radiation research program.—Section 306(f) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644(d)), as redesignated under subsection (a), is amended to read as follows:
“(f) Low-dose radiation and space radiation research program.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall carry out a basic research program on the similarities and differences between the effects of exposure to low-dose radiation on Earth, in low Earth orbit, and in the space environment.
“(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this program is to accelerate breakthroughs in low-dose and low dose-rate radiation research and development as described in subsection (d) and to inform the advancement of new tools, technologies, and advanced materials needed to facilitate long-duration space exploration.”.
(e) Climate, environmental science, and other activities.—Section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
“(g) Earth and environmental systems sciences activities.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activities authorized under subsection (a), and in coordination with activities carried out under subsection (b), the Director shall carry out earth and environmental systems science research, in consultation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other relevant agencies, which may include activities to—
“(A) understand, observe, and model the response of Earth’s atmosphere and biosphere to increased concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions and any associated changes in climate, including frequency and intensity of extreme weather events;
“(B) understand the coupled physical, chemical, and biological processes to transform, immobilize, remove, or move carbon, nitrogen, and other energy production-derived contaminants such as radionuclides and heavy metals, and understand the process of sequestration and transformation of these, carbon dioxide, and other relevant molecules in subsurface environments;
“(C) understand, observe, and model the cycling of water, carbon, and nutrients in terrestrial systems and at scales relevant to resources management;
“(2) PRIORITIZATION.—In carrying out the program authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall prioritize—
“(3) ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS SCIENCE RESEARCH.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activities described in paragraph (1), the Director shall carry out research to advance an integrated, robust, and scale-aware predictive understanding of environmental systems, including the role of hydrobiogeochemistry, from the subsurface to the top of the vegetative canopy that considers effects of seasonal to interannual variability and change.
“(B) CLEAN WATER AND WATERSHED RESEARCH.—As part of the activities described in subparagraph (A), the Director shall—
“(i) support interdisciplinary research to significantly advance our understanding of water availability, quality, and the impact of human activity and a changing climate on urban and rural watershed systems, including in freshwater environments;
“(ii) consult with the Interagency Research, Development, and Demonstration Coordination Committee on the Nexus of Energy and Water for Sustainability established under section 1010 of the Energy Act of 2020 (division Z of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021) on energy-water nexus research activities; and
“(4) CLIMATE AND EARTH MODELING.—As part of the activities described in paragraph (1), the Director, in collaboration with the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program described in section 304 and other programs carried out by the Department, as applicable, and in consultation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other relevant agencies, shall carry out research to develop, evaluate, and use high-resolution regional climate, global climate, Earth system, and other relevant models to inform decisions on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the resulting impacts of a changing global climate. Such modeling shall include—
“(A) integrated capabilities for modeling multisectoral interactions, including socioeconomic factors as appropriate, which may include the impacts of climate policies on social and regional equity and well-being, and the interdependencies and risks at the energy-water-land nexus;
“(h) Biological and environmental research user facilities.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out a program for the development, construction, operation, and maintenance of user facilities to enhance the collection and analysis of observational data related to complex biological, climate, and environmental systems.
“(2) FACILITY REQUIREMENTS.—To the maximum extent practicable, the user facilities developed, constructed, operated, or maintained under paragraph (1) shall include—
“(B) analytical techniques, instruments, and modeling resources for understanding the physical, chemical, and cellular processes of biological and environmental systems;
“(C) integrated high-throughput sequencing, advanced bioanalytic techniques, DNA design and synthesis, metabolomics, and computational analysis; and
“(D) such other facilities as the Director considers appropriate, consistent with section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139).
“(3) EXISTING FACILITIES.—In carrying out the program established in paragraph (1), the Director is encouraged to evaluate the capabilities of existing user facilities and, to the maximum extent practicable, invest in modernization of those capabilities to address emerging research priorities.
“(4) USER FACILITIES INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION PROGRAM.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support a program of collaboration between user facilities as defined under this subsection to encourage and enable researchers to more readily integrate the tools, expertise, resources, and capabilities of multiple Office of Science user facilities (as described in section 209(d) of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139)) to further research and advance emerging technologies.
“(5) EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS SCIENCES USER FACILITIES.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the activities authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall establish and operate user facilities to advance the collection, validation, and analysis of atmospheric data, including activities to advance knowledge and improve model representations and measure the impact of atmospheric gases, aerosols, and clouds on earth and environmental systems.
“(6) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the program authorized in paragraph (1), the Director shall ensure that the Office of Science—
“(A) consults and coordinates with the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of the Interior, and any other relevant Federal agency on the collection, validation, and analysis of atmospheric data; and
“(i) Coastal zone research initiative.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out a research program, in consultation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to enhance the understanding of coastal ecosystems. In carrying out this program, the Director shall prioritize efforts to enhance the collection of observational data, and shall develop models to analyze the ecological, biogeochemical, hydrological and physical processes that interact in coastal zones.
“(2) NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR COASTAL DATA COLLECTION.—The Director shall establish, in consultation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other relevant agencies, an integrated system of geographically diverse field research sites in order to improve the quantity and quality of observational data, and that encompass the major land water interfaces of the United States, including—
“(3) EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE.—In carrying out the programs and establishing the field research sites under paragraph (1) and (2), the Secretary shall leverage existing research and development infrastructure supported by the Department, including the Department’s existing marine and coastal research lab.
“(4) COORDINATION.—For the purposes of carrying out the programs and establishing the field research sites under the Initiative, the Secretary may enter into agreements with Federal Departments and agencies with complementary capabilities.
“(5) REPORT.—Not less than 2 years after the date of the enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, the Director shall provide to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate a report examining whether the system described in this section should be established as a National User Facility.
“(j) Technology development.—The Director shall support a technology research program for the development of instrumentation and other research tools required to meet the missions of the Department and to provide platform technologies for the broader scientific community. Technologies shall include but are not limited to—
“(k) Emerging technologies.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish within the Biological and Environmental Research program an initiative focused on the development of engineered ecosystems through the application of artificial intelligence, novel sensing capabilities, and other emerging technologies.
“(2) INTERAGENCY COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall coordinate with the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, and other relevant officials to avoid duplication of research and observational activities and to ensure that activities carried out under this initiative are complimentary to those currently being undertaken by other agencies.
SEC. 5. Advanced scientific computing research program.
(a) Advanced scientific computing research.—Section 304 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18642) is amended—
(2) by inserting before subsection (b), as so redesignated, the following:
“(a) In general.—As part of the activities authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out, in coordination with academia and relevant public and private sector entities, a research, development, and demonstration program to—
“(1) steward applied mathematics, computational science, and computer science research relevant to the missions of the Department and the competitiveness of the United States;
(3) in subsection (c) (as redesignated under paragraph (1))—
(B) by adding at the end the following:
“(2) COORDINATION.—The Under Secretary for Science shall ensure the coordination of the activities of the Department, including activities under this section, to determine and meet the computational and networking research and facility needs of the Office of Science and all other relevant energy technology and energy efficiency programs within the Department and with other Federal agencies as appropriate.”;
(4) by amending subsection (d), as so redesignated, to read as follows:
“(d) Applied mathematics and software development for high-end computing systems and computer sciences research.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out activities to develop, test, and support—
“(A) mathematics, statistics, and algorithms for modeling complex systems relevant to the missions of the Department, including on advanced computing architectures; and
“(B) tools, languages, programming environments, and operations for high-end computing systems (as defined in section 2 of the American Super Computing Leadership Act (15 U.S.C. 5541).
“(2) PORTFOLIO BALANCE.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall maintain a balanced portfolio within the advanced scientific computing research and development program established under section 976 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) that supports robust investment in—
“(B) EXASCALE ECOSYSTEM SUSTAINMENT.—
“(i) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that the Exascale Computing Project has successfully created a broad ecosystem that provides shared software packages, novel evaluation systems, and applications relevant to the science and engineering requirements of the Department, and that such products must be maintained and improved in order that the full potential of the deployed systems can be continuously realized.
“(ii) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall seek to sustain and evolve the ecosystem referenced in clause (i) to ensure that the exascale software stack and other research software will continue to be maintained, hardened, and otherwise optimized for long-term use on exascale systems and beyond and reliable availability to the user community.”; and
(5) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
“(e) Next generation computing program.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a program to develop and implement a strategy for achieving computing systems with capabilities beyond exascale computing systems. In establishing this program, the Secretary shall—
“(A) maintain foundational research programs in mathematical, computational, and computer sciences focused on new and emerging computing needs within the mission of the Department, including post-Moore’s law computing architectures, novel approaches to modeling and simulation, artificial intelligence and scientific machine learning, quantum computing, edge computing, extreme heterogeneity, and distributed high-performance computing; and
“(2) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, a report on the development and implementation of the strategy outlined in paragraph (1).
“(f) Architectural research in heterogeneous computing systems.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a program of research and development in heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing systems to expand understanding of the potential for heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing systems to deliver high performance, high efficiency computing for Department of Energy mission challenges. This shall include research and development that explores the convergence of big data analytics, simulations, and artificial intelligence to drive the design of heterogenous computing system architectures.
“(2) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this program, the Secretary shall ensure coordination between research activities undertaken by the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program and materials research supported by the Basic Energy Sciences program within the Department of Energy Office of Science.
“(g) Energy efficient computing program.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support a program of fundamental research, development, and demonstration of energy efficient computing and data center technologies relevant to advanced computing applications, including high performance computing, artificial intelligence, and scientific machine learning.
“(2) EXECUTION.—
“(A) PROGRAM.—In carrying out the program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—
“(i) establish a partnership for National Laboratories, industry partners, and institutions of higher education for codesign of energy efficient hardware, technology, software, and applications across all applicable program offices of the Department, and provide access to energy efficient computing resources to such partners;
“(ii) develop hardware and software technologies that decrease the energy needs of advanced computing practices, including through data center co-design; and
“(B) SELECTION OF PARTNERS.—In selecting participants for the partnership established under subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary shall select participants through a competitive, merit review process.
“(C) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, a report on—
“(h) Energy sciences network.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for upgrades to the Energy Sciences Network user facility in order to meet the research needs of the Department for highly reliable data transport capabilities optimized for the requirements of large-scale science.
“(2) CAPABILITIES.—In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure the following capabilities:
“(A) To provide high bandwidth scientific networking across the continental United States and the Atlantic Ocean.
“(i) Computational science graduate fellowship.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support the Computational Science Graduate Fellowship program in order to facilitate collaboration between graduate students and researchers at the National Laboratories, and contribute to the development of a diverse and inclusive computational workforce to help advance research in areas relevant to the mission of the Department.
(b) Quantum science network.—
(1) DEFINITIONS.—Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) is amended—
(2) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.— (A) Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“SEC. 403. Department of energy quantum network infrastructure research and development program.
“(a) In general.—The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall carry out a research, development, and demonstration program to accelerate innovation in quantum network infrastructure in order to—
“(1) facilitate the advancement of distributed quantum computing systems through the internet and intranet;
“(b) Program.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall—
“(1) coordinate with—
“(2) conduct cooperative research with industry, National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other research institutions to facilitate new quantum infrastructure methods and technologies, including—
“(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low loss optical channels, space-to-ground connections, and classical networking and cybersecurity protocols;
“(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled state sources and transmission, control, and measurement of quantum states;
“(D) transducers for quantum sources and signals between optical and telecommunications regimes and quantum computer-relevant domains, including microwaves;
“(E) development of quantum memory buffers and small-scale quantum computers that are compatible with photon-based quantum bits in the optical or telecommunications wavelengths;
“(F) long-range entanglement distribution at both the terrestrial and space-based level using quantum repeaters, allowing entanglement-based protocols between small- and large scale quantum processors;
“(G) quantum routers, multiplexers, repeaters, and related technologies necessary to create secure long-distance quantum communication; and
“(H) integration of systems across the quantum technology stack into traditional computing networks, including the development of remote controlled, high performance, and reliable implementations of key quantum network components by leveraging the expertise, infrastructure and supplemental investments in the Energy Sciences Network User Facility;
“(3) engage with the Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED–C) to transition component technologies to help facilitate as appropriate the development of a quantum supply chain for quantum network technologies;
“(4) advance basic research in advanced scientific computing, particle and nuclear physics, and material science to enhance the understanding, prediction, and manipulation of materials, processes, and physical phenomena relevant to quantum network infrastructure;
“(5) develop experimental tools and testbeds in collaboration with the Department’s Energy Sciences Network User Facility necessary to support cross-cutting fundamental research and development activities with diverse stakeholders from industry, National Laboratories, and institutions of higher education; and
“(c) Leveraging.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and expertise across the Department of Energy and from—
“(d) Research plan.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, a 4-year research plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research needs relating to quantum network infrastructure.
“SEC. 404. Department of energy quantum user expansion for science and technology program.
“(a) In general.—The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall establish and carry out a program (to be known as the ‘Quantum User Expansion for Science and Technology program’ or ‘QUEST program’) to encourage and facilitate access to United States quantum computing hardware and quantum computing clouds for research purposes in order to—
“(b) Program.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall—
“(1) coordinate with—
“(2) provide researchers based within the United States with access to, and use of, United States quantum computing resources through a competitive, merit-reviewed process;
“(c) Leveraging.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall leverage resources and expertise across the Department of Energy and from—
“(d) Security.—In carrying out the activities authorized by this section, the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the National Science Foundation and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall ensure proper security controls are in place to protect sensitive information, as appropriate.
“(e) Funding.—Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this section—
“(f) Equitable use of high-performance computing capabilities.—
“(1) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that machine learning algorithms can exhibit biases that cause harm to historically marginalized communities.
“(2) POLICY.—In leveraging high-performance computing systems for research purposes, including through the use of machine learning algorithms for data analysis, the Secretary shall ensure that such capabilities are employed in a manner that mitigates and, to the maximum extent practicable, avoids harmful algorithmic bias and equitably addresses challenges impacting different populations, including historically marginalized communities.”.
(B) The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 402 the following items:
“Sec. 403. Department of energy quantum network infrastructure research and development program.
“Sec. 404. Department of energy quantum user expansion for science and technology program.”.
SEC. 6. Fusion energy research.
(a) Fusion energy research.—Section 307 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) is amended—
(1) in subsection (b)—
(B) by redesignating—
(5) in subsection (j)—
(A) by striking “The Director” and all that follows through the period and inserting the following:
“(1) IN GENERAL.—
“(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—Within 180 days of enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, the Director shall establish at least 2 national teams, including public-private partnerships, that will develop conceptual pilot plant designs and technology roadmaps and lead to an engineering design of a pilot plant that will bring fusion to commercial viability.
(6) in subsection (l)—
(A) by striking “sense of Congress that the United States should support” and inserting “sense of Congress that—”;
(B) in paragraph (1) (as so designated by subparagraph (A) of this paragraph), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(2) the Director shall incorporate the findings and recommendations of the report of the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee entitled ‘Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas’ and the report of the National Academies entitled “Bringing Fusion to the U.S. Grid” into the planning process of the Department, including the development of future budget requests to Congress.”;
(8) by inserting after subsection (n) the following:
“(o) High-performance computation collaborative research program.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a program to conduct and support collaborative research, development, and demonstration of fusion energy technologies, through high-performance computation modeling and simulation techniques, in order to—
“(2) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate with relevant Federal agencies, and prioritize the following objectives:
“(A) Using expertise from the private sector, institutions of higher education, and the National Laboratories to leverage existing, and develop new, computational software and capabilities that prospective users may use to accelerate research and development of fusion energy systems.
“(B) Developing computational tools to simulate and predict fusion energy science phenomena that may be validated through physical experimentation.
“(C) Increasing the utility of the research infrastructure of the Department by coordinating with the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program within the Office of Science.
“(D) Leveraging experience from existing modeling and simulation entities sponsored by the Department.
“(3) DUPLICATION.—The Secretary shall ensure the coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activities of this program with the activities of—
“(4) HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR FUSION INNOVATION CENTER.—In carrying out the program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, in coordination with the Innovation Network for Fusion Energy, establish and operate a national High-Performance Computing for Fusion Innovation Center (referred to in this section as the ‘Center’), in order to support the program under paragraph (1) by providing, to the extent practicable, a centralized entity for multidisciplinary, collaborative, fusion energy research and development through high performance computing and advanced data analytics technologies and processes.
“(5) SELECTION.—The Secretary shall select the Center under this subsection on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Secretary shall consider applications from National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
“(6) EXISTING ACTIVITIES.—The Center may incorporate existing research activities that are consistent with the program described in paragraph (1).
“(7) DURATION.—The Center established under this subsection shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations.
“(p) Material plasma exposure experiment.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall construct a Material Plasma Exposure Experiment facility as described in the 2020 publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee titled ‘Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas’. The Secretary shall consult with the private sector, universities, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure that this facility is capable of meeting Federal research needs for steady state, high-heat-flux and plasma-material interaction testing of fusion materials over a range of fusion energy relevant parameters.
“(2) FACILITY CAPABILITIES.—The Secretary shall ensure that the facility described in subsection (a) will provide the following capabilities:
“(3) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this section occurs before December 31, 2027.
“(q) Matter in extreme conditions instrument upgrade.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation at the Linac Coherent Light Source as described in the 2020 publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee titled ‘Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas’. The Secretary shall consult with the private sector, universities, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure that this facility is capable of meeting Federal research needs for understanding physical and chemical changes to plasmas at fundamental timescales, and explore new regimes of dense material physics, astrophysics, planetary physics, and short-pulse laser-plasma interactions.
(b) ITER construction.—Section 972 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16312) is amended in subsection (c)(3)—
SEC. 7. High energy physics program.
(a) Program.—Section 305 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18643) is amended—
(2) by inserting the following after subsection (a):
“(b) Program.—As part of the activities authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out a research program in elementary particle physics and advanced technology research and development to improve the understanding of the fundamental properties of the universe, including constituents of matter and energy and the nature of space and time.
“(c) High energy frontier research.—As part of the program described in subsection (a), the Director shall carry out research using high energy accelerators and advanced detectors, including accelerators and detectors that will function as national user facilities, to create and study interactions of elementary particles and investigate fundamental forces.”.
(b) International collaboration.—Section 305(d) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18643(d)), as redesignated under subsection (a), is amended to read as follows:
“(d) International collaboration.—The Director shall—
“(1) as practicable and in coordination with other appropriate Federal agencies as necessary, ensure the access of United States researchers to the most advanced accelerator facilities and research capabilities in the world, including the Large Hadron Collider;
(c) Cosmic frontier research.—Section 305(f) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645(f)), as redesignated by subsection (a), is amended to read as follows:
“(f) Cosmic frontier research.—The Director shall carry out research activities on the nature of the primary contents of the universe, including the nature of dark energy and dark matter. These activities shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be consistent with the research priorities identified by the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel or the National Academy of Sciences, and may include—
(d) Further activities.—Section 305 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645), as amended, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
“(g) Facility construction and major items of equipment.—
“(1) PROJECTS.—Consistent with the Office of Science’s project management practices, the Director shall, to the maximum extent practicable, incorporate the findings and recommendations of the 2014 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report titled ‘Building for Discovery’, and support construction or fabrication of—
“(2) LONG-BASELINE NEUTRINO FACILITY.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support construction of a Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility to facilitate the international Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment to examine the fundamental properties of neutrinos, explore physics beyond the Standard Model, and better clarify the existence and nature of antimatter.
“(B) FACILITY CAPABILITIES.—The Secretary shall ensure that the facility described in subparagraph (A) will provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities:
“(i) A neutrino beam with wideband capability of 1.2 megawatts (MW) of beam power and upgradable to 2.4 MW of beam power.
“(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this subsection occurs before December 31, 2031.
“(3) PROTON IMPROVEMENT PLAN–II ACCELERATOR UPGRADE PROJECT.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall support construction of the Proton Improvement Plan II, an upgrade to the Fermilab accelerator complex identified in the 2014 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report titled ‘Building for Discovery’, to provide the world’s most intense beam of neutrinos to the international Long Baseline Neutrino Facility as well as abroad range of future high energy physics experiments. The Secretary of Energy shall work with international partners to enable further significant contributions to the capabilities of this project.
“(B) FACILITY CAPABILITIES.—The Secretary shall ensure that the facility described in paragraph (1) will provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities:
“(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this section occurs before December 31, 2028.
“(4) COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND STAGE 4.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy, in partnership with the Director of the National Science Foundation, shall support construction of the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project to survey the cosmic microwave background to test theories of cosmic inflation as described in the 2014 Particle Physics Prioritization Panel (P5) report titled ‘Building for Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in the Global Context.’.
“(B) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary shall consult with the private sector, universities, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure that this experiment is capable of meeting Federal research needs in accessing the ultra-high energy physics of inflation and important neutrino properties.
“(C) EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES.—The Secretary shall ensure to the maximum extent practicable that the facility described in subsection (a) will provide at minimum, 500,000 superconducting detectors deployed on an array of mm wave telescopes with the required range in frequency, sensitivity, and survey speed which will provide sufficient capability to enable an order of magnitude advance in observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background, delivering transformative discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics.
“(D) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this section occurs before December 31, 2030.
“(h) Accelerator and detector upgrades.—The Director shall upgrade accelerator facilities and detectors, as necessary and appropriate, to increase beam power, sustain high reliability, and improve precision measurement to advance the highest priority particle physics research programs. In carrying out facility upgrades, the Director shall continue to work with international partners, when appropriate and in the United States’ interest, to leverage investments and expertise in critical technologies to help build and upgrade accelerator and detector facilities in the United States.
“(i) Accelerator and detector research and development.—As part of the program described in subsection (a), the Director shall carry out research and development in particle beam physics, accelerator science and technology, and particle and radiation detection with relevance to the specific needs of the High Energy Physics program, in coordination with the Accelerator Research and Development program authorized in section 311.
“(j) Underground science.—The Director shall—
“(1) support an underground science program consistent with the missions of the Department and the scientific needs of the High Energy Physics program, including those articulated in the most recent report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, that leverages the capabilities of relevant underground science and engineering facilities; and
SEC. 8. Nuclear physics program.
(a) Program.—Section 308 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18646) is amended—
(3) by inserting the following before subsection (d), as so redesignated:
“(a) Program.—As part of the activities authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out a research program, and support relevant facilities, to discover and understand various forms of nuclear matter.
“(b) User facilities.—
“(1) FACILITY FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAMS.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support construction of a Facility for Rare Isotope Beams to advance the understanding of rare nuclear isotopes and the evolution of the cosmos.
“(2) ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support construction of an Electron Ion Collider as described in the 2015 Long Range Plan of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee and the report from the National Academies titled ‘An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion Collider Science’, in order to measure the internal structure of the proton and the nucleus and answer fundamental questions about the nature of visible matter.
“(B) FACILITY CAPABILITY.—The Secretary shall ensure that the facility meets the requirements in the 2015 Long Range Plan, including—
“(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this section occurs before December 31, 2030.
SEC. 9. Accelerator research and development.
The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding after section 309 the following:
“SEC. 310. Accelerator research and development.
“(a) Program.—As part of the activities authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out a research program to—
“(1) advance accelerator science and technology relevant to the Department, other Federal agencies, and U.S. industry;
“(b) Accelerator research.—In carrying out the program authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support—
“(c) Accelerator development.—In carrying out the program authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support partnerships to foster the development, demonstration, and commercial application of accelerator technologies including, advanced superconducting wire and cable, superconducting RF cavities, and high efficiency radiofrequency power sources for accelerators.
“(d) Research collaborations.—In developing accelerator technologies under the program authorized in subsection (a), the Director shall—
SEC. 10. Isotope development and production for research applications.
The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding after section 310 as added by this Act the following:
“SEC. 311. Isotope Development and Production for Research Applications.
“(a) In general.—The Director—
“(1) shall carry out a program in coordination with other relevant programs across the Department of Energy for the production of isotopes, including the development of techniques to produce isotopes, that the Secretary determines are needed for research, medical, industrial, or related purposes, to the maximum extent practicable, in accordance with the 2015 NSAC ‘Meeting Isotope Needs and Capturing Opportunities For The Future’ report; and
SEC. 11. Science laboratories infrastructure program.
(a) Program.—Section 309 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18647) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(c) Approach.—In carrying out this section, the Director shall utilize all available approaches and mechanisms, including capital line items, minor construction projects, energy savings performance contracts, utility energy service contracts, alternative financing and expense funding, as appropriate.
“(d) Alternative financing of research facilities and infrastructure.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—Consistent with section 161(g) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2201(g)), the Management and Operating contractors of the Department may enter into the lease-purchase of research facilities and infrastructure under the scope of their contract with the Department with the approval of the Secretary or their designee.
“(2) LIMITATIONS.—To carry out lease-purchases approved by the Secretary under subsection (a), the Department shall only be required to have budget authority in an amount sufficient to cover the minimum required lease payments through the period required to exercise a termination provision in the lease agreement, plus any associated lease termination penalties, regardless of whether such leased facility and infrastructure is on or off Government land, and if—
“(B) the facility or infrastructure is general purpose, including offices, laboratories, cafeterias, utilities, and data centers;
“(C) the Department is not a party to and has no financial obligations under the lease-purchase transaction entered into by the Management and Operating contractor, other than allowability of the lease cost and conveyance of Government land, if needed;
“(D) the lease-purchase has an advance notice termination provision with reasonable pre-defined penalties that the Management and Operating contractor may exercise, at the direction of the Department, if funding for the lease is no longer available or the mission need ceases to exist;
“(E) there is an option for a no cost transfer of ownership to the Government once the underlying financing is retired, but neither the Management and Operating contractor nor the Department are obligated to purchase the facility or infrastructure at any time during or after the lease term;
“(3) REPORTING.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, and biennially thereafter, the Department shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, a report on the lease-purchase transactions that the Management and Operating contractors of the Department entered into under subsection (a) that includes—
“(A) a list of the lease-purchase transactions entered into by each Management and Operating contractor and their respective costs;
“(d) Mid-scale instrumentation program.—The Director, in coordination with each of the programs carried out by the Office of Science, shall establish a mid-scale instrumentation program to enable the development and acquisition of novel, state-of-the-art instruments ranging in cost from $1 million to $20 million each that would significantly accelerate scientific breakthroughs at user facilities.
SEC. 12. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists.
(a) In general.—The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding after section 311 as added by this Act the following:
“SEC. 312. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists.
“(a) In general.—The Director shall support the development of a scientific workforce through programs that facilitate collaboration between K–12, university students, early-career researchers, faculty, and the National Laboratories, including through the use of proven techniques to expand the number of individuals from underrepresented groups pursuing and attaining skills or undergraduate and graduate degrees relevant to the Office’s mission.
“(b) Authorization of appropriations.—Section 3169 of the Department of Energy Science Education Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 7381e) is amended—
(b) Broadening participation in workforce development for teachers and scientists.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Department of Energy Science Education Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 7381 note) is amended by inserting the following sections after section 3167 (42 U.S.C. 7381c–1):
“SEC. 3167A. Broadening participation for teachers and scientists.
“(a) In general.—The Secretary shall expand opportunities to increase the number and the diversity, equity, and inclusion of highly skilled science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals working in Department of Energy mission-relevant disciplines and broaden the recruitment pool to increase diversity, including expanded partnerships with Historically Black Colleges, Tribal Colleges, Minority Serving Institutions, emerging research institutions, and scientific societies.
“(b) Plan.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and make available to the public a plan for broadening participation of underrepresented groups in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in programs supported by the Department programs, including—
“(1) a plan for supporting and leveraging the National Science Foundation INCLUDES National Network;
“(c) Authorization of appropriations.—Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated in section 3169 (42 U.S.C. 7381e), at least $2,000,000 shall be made available each fiscal year for the activities described under this subsection.
“SEC. 3167B. Expanding opportunities to increase the diversity, equity, and inclusion of highly skilled science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals.
“(a) In general.—The Secretary shall expand opportunities to increase the number and the diversity, equity, and inclusion of highly skilled science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals working in Department of Energy mission-relevant disciplines and broaden the recruitment pool to increase diversity, including expanded partnerships with minority-serving institutions, non-Research I universities, and scientific societies.
“(b) Plan and Outreach strategy.—
“(1) PLAN.—Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 10-year educational plan to fund and expand new or existing programs administered by the Office of Science and sited at the national laboratories and Department of Energy user facilities to expand educational and workforce opportunities for underrepresented high school, undergraduate, and graduate students as well as recent graduates, teachers and faculty in STEM fields. This may include paid internships, fellowships, temporary employment, training programs, visiting student and faculty programs, sabbaticals, and research support.
“(2) OUTREACH CAPACITY.—The Secretary shall include in the plan under paragraph (1) an outreach strategy to improve the advertising, recruitment, and promotion of educational and workforce programs to community colleges, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Tribal Colleges, Minority Serving Institutions, and emerging research institutions.
“(c) Building research capacity.—The Secretary shall develop programs that strengthen the research capacity relevant to Office of Science disciplines at emerging research institutions, including minority-serving institutions, tribal colleges and universities, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and colleges and universities. This may include enabling mutually beneficial and jointly managed partnerships between research-intensive institutions and emerging research institutions, and soliciting research proposals, fellowships, training programs, and research support directly from emerging research institutions.
“(d) Traineeships.—The Secretary shall establish a university-led Traineeship Program to address workforce training needs in STEM fields relevant to the Department. The focus should be on supporting training and research experiences for underrepresented undergraduate and graduate students and increasing participation from underrepresented populations. The traineeships should include opportunities to build the next-generation workforce in research areas critical to maintaining core competencies across the Office of Science’s programs.
“(e) Evaluation.—The Secretary shall establish key performance indicators to measure and monitor progress of education and workforce programs and expand Departmental activities for data collection and analysis. The Secretary shall submit a report 2 years after the date of enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, and every 2 years thereafter, to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate summarizing progress toward meeting key performance indicators.
“(f) Definitions.—In this section:
“(1) MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTION.—The term ‘minority-serving institution’ includes the entities described in any of paragraphs (1) through (7) of section 371(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)).
“(2) HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITIES.—The term ‘Historically Black Colleges and Universities’ has the meaning given in ‘part B institution’ in section 322 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).
“(3) STEM.—The term ‘STEM’ has the meaning given the term in the STEM Education Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.).
“(4) TRIBAL COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES.—The term ‘Tribal College or University’ has the meaning given in section 316 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c).”.
(2) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents in section 2(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 3167 the following:
“Sec. 3167A. Broadening participation for teachers and scientists.
“Sec. 3167B. Expanding opportunities to increase the diversity, equity, and inclusion of highly skilled science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals.”.
SEC. 13. High intensity laser research initiative; Office of Science Emerging Infectious Disease Computing Research Initiative; helium conservation program; authorization of appropriations.
(a) In general.—The Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“SEC. 313. High intensity laser research initiative.
“(a) In general.—The Director shall establish a high intensity laser research initiative consistent with the recommendations of the National Academies report, ‘Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers: Reaching for the Brightest Light’, and the report from the Brightest Light Initiative workshop on ‘The Future of Intense Ultrafast Lasers in the U.S.’. This initiative should include research and development of petawatt-scale and of high average power laser technologies necessary for future facility needs in discovery science and to advance energy technologies, as well as support for a user network of academic and national laboratory high intensity laser facilities.
“(b) Leverage.—The Director shall also leverage new laser technologies for more compact, less complex, and low-cost accelerator systems needed for science applications.
“(c) Coordination.—The Director shall coordinate this initiative among all relevant programs within the Office of Science, and the Under Secretary for Science shall coordinate this initiative with other relevant programs within the Department as well as within other Federal agencies.
“SEC. 314. Helium conservation program.
“(a) In general.—The Secretary shall establish a program to reduce the consumption of helium for Department grant recipients and facilities and encourage helium recycling and reuse. The program shall competitively award grants for—
“(b) Report.—In carrying out the program under this section, the Director shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report, not later than two years after the date of enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, and every 3 years thereafter, on the purchase of helium as part of research projects and facilities supported by the Department. The report shall include—
“(c) Coordination.—In carrying out the program under this section, the Director shall coordinate with the National Science Foundation and other relevant Federal agencies on helium conservation activities.
“SEC. 315. Office of Science Emerging Infectious Disease Computing Research Initiative.
“(a) In general.—The Secretary, in coordination with the Director of the National Science Foundation and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, shall establish within the Office of Science, a cross-cutting research initiative to leverage the Federal Government’s innovative analytical resources and tools, user facilities, and advanced computational and networking capabilities in order to prevent, prepare for, and respond to emerging infectious diseases, including COVID–19. The Secretary shall carry out this initiative through a competitive, merit-reviewed process, and consider applications from National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, industry partners and other appropriate entities.
“(b) Activities.—In carrying out the initiative established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall coordinate with programs across the Office of Science and with relevant Federal agencies to determine a comprehensive set of technical milestones for these research activities and prioritize the following objectives—
“(1) supporting fundamental research and development in advanced analytics, experimental studies, materials synthesis, high-performance computing technologies needed to characterize, model, simulate, and predict complex phenomena and biological materials related to emerging infectious diseases, including COVID–19 challenges, including a focus on testing and diagnostics, experimental data acquisition, sharing and management, advanced manufacturing, and molecular design and modeling;
“(2) using expertise from the private sector, institutions of higher education, and the National Laboratories to develop computational software and capabilities that prospective users may accelerate emerging infectious diseases research and development;
“(3) leveraging the research infrastructure of the Department, including scientific computing user facilities, x-ray light sources, neutron scattering facilities, nanoscale science research centers, and sequencing and bio-characterization facilities by coordinating with the Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Basic Energy Sciences, and Biological and Environmental Research programs within the Office of Science;
“(4) leveraging experience from existing modeling and simulation research and work sponsored by the Department and promoting collaboration and data sharing between National Laboratories, research entities, and user facilities of the Department by providing the necessary access and secure data transfer capabilities; and
“(c) Coordination.—In carrying out this initiative, the Secretary shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, coordination of these activities with the Department of Energy National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the private sector.
“(d) Emerging infectious diseases high performance computing research consortium.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary in coordination with the Director of the National Science Foundation and the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall establish and operate an Emerging Infectious Diseases High Performance Computing Research Consortium (referred to in this section as the ‘Consortium’), in order to support the initiative under subsection (a) by providing, to the extent practicable, a centralized entity for multidisciplinary, collaborative, emerging infectious disease research and development through high performance computing and advanced data analytics technologies and processes.
“(2) MEMBERSHIP.—The members of such consortium may include representatives from relevant Federal agencies, the private sector, institutions of higher education, which can each contribute relevant compute time, capabilities, or other resources.
“(3) ACTIVITIES.—The Consortium shall—
“(B) consider supplemental awards for computing partnerships with Consortium members to qualifying entities on a competitive merit-review basis;
“(C) encourage collaboration and communication among member representatives of the consortium and awardees;
“(D) make available the high-performance computing capabilities, expertise, and user facilities of the Department and the National Laboratories; and
“(e) Report.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Department of Energy Science for the Future Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report detailing the effectiveness of—
“(1) the interagency coordination between each Federal agency involved in the research initiative carried out under this section;
“(f) Funding.—From within funds authorized to be appropriated for the Department’s Office of Science, there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this subsection, $50,000,000 for fiscal years 2022 and 2023.
(b) Table of contents.—Section 1(b) of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act is amended in the table of contents by inserting after the item relating to section 309 the following:
“Sec. 310. Accelerator research and development.
“Sec. 311. Isotope Development and Production for Research Applications.
“Sec. 312. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists.
“Sec. 313. High intensity laser research initiative.
“Sec. 314. Helium conservation program.
“Sec. 315. Office of Science Emerging Infectious Disease Computing Research Initiative.
“Sec. 316. Authorization of appropriations.”.
SEC. 14. State-owned enterprises prohibition.
(a) Innovate in America.—None of the funds authorized or made available by this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, may be used in awarding a contract, subcontract, grant, or loan to an entity that—
(1) is owned or controlled by, is a subsidiary of, or is otherwise related legally or financially to a corporation based in a country that—
(A) is identified as a nonmarket economy country (as defined in section 771(18) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1677(18))) as of the date of enactment of this Act;
(B) was identified by the United States Trade Representative in the most recent report required by section 182 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2242) as a priority foreign country under subsection (a)(2) of that section; and
(C) is subject to monitoring by the Trade Representative under section 306 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2416); or
(2) is listed pursuant to section 9(b)(3) of the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 (Public Law 116–145).
Union Calendar No. 50 | |||||
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[Report No. 117–72] | |||||
A BILL | |||||
To provide guidance for and investment in the research and development activities of the Department of Energy Office of Science, and for other purposes. | |||||
June 28, 2021 | |||||
Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed |