(a) Short title.—This Act may be cited as the “Stop the Importation and Manufacturing of Synthetic Analogues Act of 2019” or “SIMSA”.

(b) Table of contents.—The table of contents of this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Establishment of Schedule A.
Sec. 3. Temporary and permanent scheduling of schedule A substances.
Sec. 4. Penalties.
Sec. 5. False labeling of schedule A controlled substances.
Sec. 6. Registration requirements for importers and exporters of schedule A substances.
Sec. 7. Additional conforming amendments.
Sec. 8. Sentencing review.
Sec. 9. Rules of construction.

Section 202 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by striking “five schedules of controlled substances, to be known as schedules I, II, III, IV, and V” and inserting “six schedules of controlled substances, to be known as schedules I, II, III, IV, V, and A”;

(2) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the following:

“(6) Schedule A.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The drug or substance—

“(i) is or has been imported, or is offered for import, into the United States;

“(ii) has—

“(I) a chemical structure that is substantially similar to the chemical structure of a controlled substance in schedule I, II, III, IV, or V; and

“(II) an actual or predicted stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system that is substantially similar to or greater than the stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system of a controlled substance in schedule I, II, III, IV, or V; and

“(iii) is not—

“(I) listed or otherwise included in any other schedule in this section or by regulation of the Attorney General; and

“(II) with respect to a particular person, subject to an exemption that is in effect for investigational use, for that person, under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 355) to the extent conduct with respect to such substance is pursuant to such exemption.

“(B) PREDICTED STIMULANT, DEPRESSANT, OR HALLUCINOGENIC EFFECT.—For purpose of this paragraph, a predicted stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system may be based on—

“(i) (I) the chemical structure; and

“(II) (aa) the structure activity relationships; or

“(bb) binding receptor assays and other relevant scientific information about the substance;

“(ii) (I) the current or relative potential for abuse of the substance; and

“(II) the clandestine importation, manufacture, or distribution, or diversion from legitimate channels, of the substance; or

“(iii) the capacity of the substance to cause a state of dependence, including physical or psychological dependence that is similar to or greater than that of a controlled substance in schedule I, II, III, IV, or V.”; and

(3) in subsection (c)—

(A) in the matter preceding schedule I, by striking “IV, and V” and inserting “IV, V, and A”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

Section 201 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 811) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(k) Temporary and permanent scheduling of schedule A substances.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General may issue a temporary order adding a drug or substance to schedule A if the Attorney General finds that—

“(A) the drug or other substance satisfies the criteria for being considered a schedule A substance; and

“(B) adding such drug or substance to schedule A will assist in preventing abuse of the drug or other substance.

“(2) DURATION OF TEMPORARY SCHEDULING ORDER.—A temporary scheduling order issued under paragraph (1) shall—

“(A) not take effect until 30 days after the date of the publication by the Attorney General of a notice in the Federal Register of the intention to issue such order and the grounds upon which such order is to be issued; and

“(B) expire not later than 5 years after the date on which the order becomes effective, except that the Attorney General may, during the pendency of proceedings under paragraph (5), extend the temporary scheduling order for up to 180 days.

“(3) EFFECT OF ISSUANCE OF PERMANENT SCHEDULING ORDER.—A temporary scheduling order issued under paragraph (1) shall be vacated upon the issuance of a permanent order issued under paragraph (5) with regard to the same substance, or upon the subsequent issuance of any scheduling order under this section.

“(4) LIMITATION ON JUDICIAL REVIEW.—A temporary scheduling order issued under paragraph (1) shall not be subject to judicial review.

“(5) PERMANENT SCHEDULING ORDER.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), not earlier than 3 years after the date on which the Attorney General issues an order temporarily scheduling a drug or substance under this subsection, the Attorney General may, by rule, issue a permanent order adding the drug or other substance to schedule A if such drug or substance satisfies the criteria for being considered a schedule A substance.

“(B) LIMITATION.—If the Secretary of Health and Human Services has determined, based on relevant scientific studies and necessary data requested by the Secretary of Health and Human Services and gathered by the Attorney General, that a drug or other substance that has been temporarily placed in schedule A does not have sufficient potential for abuse to warrant control in any schedule, and provides written notice of such determination to the Attorney General, the Attorney General—

“(i) may not issue a permanent scheduling order under subparagraph (A); and

“(ii) not later than 30 days after the date on which the Attorney General receives such notice, shall issue an order immediately terminating the temporary scheduling order for the drug or other substance.

“(6) NOTICE TO HHS.—Before initiating proceedings under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall transmit notice of a temporary order proposed to be issued to the Secretary of Health and Human Services. In issuing an order under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall take into consideration any comments submitted by the Secretary of Health and Human Services in response to a notice transmitted pursuant to this paragraph.”.

Section 1010 of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 960) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by inserting “or a drug or substance in schedule A” after “controlled substance” each place it appears; and

(2) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the following:

“(8) In the case of a violation under subsection (a) involving a controlled substance in schedule A, the person committing such violation shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not more than 20 years and if death or serious bodily injury results from the use of such substance shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment for any term of years or for life, a fine not to exceed the greater of that authorized in accordance with the provisions of title 18, United States Code, or $1,000,000 if the defendant is an individual or $5,000,000 if the defendant is other than an individual, or both. If any person commits such a violation after a prior conviction for a felony drug offense has become final, such person shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not more than 30 years and if death or serious bodily injury results from the use of such substance shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment for any term of years or for life, a fine not to exceed the greater of twice that authorized in accordance with the provisions of title 18, United States Code, or $2,000,000 if the defendant is an individual or $10,000,000 if the defendant is other than an individual, or both. Notwithstanding section 3583 of title 18, United States Code, any sentence imposing a term of imprisonment under this paragraph shall, in the absence of such a prior conviction, impose a term of supervised release of not less than 3 years in addition to such term of imprisonment and shall, if there was such a prior conviction, impose a term of supervised release of not less than 6 years in addition to such term of imprisonment. Notwithstanding the prior sentence, and notwithstanding any other provision of law, the court shall not place on probation or suspend the sentence of any person sentenced under the provisions of this paragraph which provide for a mandatory term of imprisonment if death or serious bodily injury results.”.

(a) In general.—Section 305 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 825) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(f) False labeling of schedule A controlled substances.—

“(1) It shall be unlawful to import or export, with intent to manufacture, distribute, or dispense, a schedule A substance or product containing a schedule A substance, unless the substance or product bears a label clearly identifying a schedule A substance or product containing a schedule A substance by the nomenclature used by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

“(2) (A) A product described in subparagraph (B) is exempt from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nomenclature requirement of this subsection if such product is labeled in the manner required under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

“(B) A product is described in this subparagraph if the product—

“(i) is the subject of an approved application as described in section 505(b) or (j) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act; or

“(ii) is exempt from the provisions of section 505 of such Act relating to new drugs because—

“(I) it is intended solely for investigational use as described in section 505(i) of such Act; and

“(II) such product is being used exclusively for purposes of a clinical trial that is the subject of an effective investigational new drug application.”.

(b) Penalties.—Section 402 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 842) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (16), by striking “or” at the end;

(B) by redesignating paragraph (17) as paragraph (18); and

(C) by inserting after paragraph (16) the following:

“(17) to violate section 305(f); or”; and

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking “(17)” and inserting “(18)”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (C), by inserting “or (17)” after “paragraph (16)” each place it appears; and

(B) in paragraph (2)(D), by striking “(17)” and inserting “(18)”.

Section 1008 of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 958) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(j) (1) The Attorney General shall register an applicant to import or export a schedule A substance if—

“(A) the applicant demonstrates that the schedule A substance will be used for research, analytical, or industrial purposes approved by the Attorney General; and

“(B) the Attorney General determines that such registration is consistent with the public interest and with the United States obligations under international treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on the date of enactment of this subsection.

“(2) In determining the public interest under paragraph (1)(B), the Attorney General shall consider—

“(A) maintenance of effective controls against diversion of particular controlled substances and any controlled substance in schedule A compounded therefrom into other than legitimate medical, scientific, research, or industrial channels, by limiting the importation and bulk manufacture of such controlled substances to a number of establishments which can produce an adequate and uninterrupted supply of these substances under adequately competitive conditions for legitimate medical, scientific, research, and industrial purposes;

“(B) compliance with applicable State and local law;

“(C) promotion of technical advances in the art of manufacturing substances described in subparagraph (A) and the development of new substances;

“(D) prior conviction record of applicant under Federal and State laws relating to the importation, manufacture, distribution, or dispensing of substances described in subparagraph (A);

“(E) past experience in the importation and manufacture of controlled substances, and the existence in the establishment of effective control against diversion; and

“(F) such other factors as may be relevant to and consistent with the public health and safety.

“(3) If an applicant is registered to import or export a controlled substance in schedule I or II under subsection (a), the applicant shall not be required to apply for a separate registration under this subsection.”.

The Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 951 et seq.) is amended—

(1) in section 1002(a) (21 U.S.C. 952(a))—

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting “or drug or substance in schedule A” after “schedule I or II”; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting “or drug or substances in schedule A” after “schedule I or II”;

(2) in section 1003 (21 U.S.C. 953)—

(A) in subsection (c), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting “or drug or substance in schedule A” after “schedule I or II”; and

(B) in subsection (d), by inserting “or drug or substance in schedule A” after “schedule I or II”;

(3) in section 1004(1) (21 U.S.C. 954(1)), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting “or drug or substance in schedule A” after “schedule I”;

(4) in section 1005 (21 U.S.C. 955), by inserting “or drug or substance in schedule A” after “schedule I or II”; and

(5) in section 1009(a) (21 U.S.C. 959(a)), by inserting “or drug or substance in schedule A” after “schedule I or II”.

(a) Covered offense defined.—In this section, the term “covered offense” means an offense involving a schedule A substance for which the penalty was established under section 4 or 5 of this Act.

(b) Sentencing review.—

(1) PETITION FOR REVIEW.—If a schedule A substance that is temporarily or permanently scheduled under section 201(k) of the Controlled Substances Act, as added by this Act, is subsequently descheduled or rescheduled on a schedule with lower penalties, any individual convicted of a covered offense involving such schedule A substance who is awaiting sentencing or is still serving a term of imprisonment for such covered offense on the date of the descheduling or rescheduling may petition the court that imposed the sentence for a sentencing reduction hearing for such covered offense.

(2) SENTENCING REVIEW.—Not later than 30 days after the date on which a petition is filed under paragraph (1), the court shall conduct a sentencing reduction hearing and may modify the sentence of the petitioner as if the descheduling or rescheduling described in paragraph (1) had been in effect on the date the covered offense was committed.

Nothing in this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, may be construed to limit—

(1) the prosecution of offenses involving controlled substance analogues under the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.); or

(2) the authority of the Attorney General to temporarily or permanently schedule, reschedule, or decontrol controlled substances under provisions of section 201 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 811) that are in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act.