This Act may be cited as the “Noncontiguous Shipping Relief Act of 2019”.

(a) In general.—Section 55102 of title 46, United States Code, is amended by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d) and by inserting after subsection (b) the following:

“(c) Noncontiguous trade exemption.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (b) shall not apply with respect to transportation in noncontiguous trade of merchandise on a foreign qualified freight vessel for which the Secretary of Transportation has issued a certificate of documentation under chapter 121.

“(2) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of paragraph (1):

“(A) FOREIGN QUALIFIED FREIGHT VESSEL.—The term ‘foreign qualified freight vessel’ means a freight vessel (as that term is defined in section 2101) of not less than 1,000 gross tons that—

“(i) was not built in the United States (or if rebuilt, not rebuilt in the United States);

“(ii) is registered in a foreign country; and

“(iii) employs United States citizens to the extent required of vessels registered under section 12102.

“(B) NONCONTIGUOUS TRADE.—The term ‘noncontiguous trade’ has the meaning given to such term in section 53501.”.

(b) Coastwise endorsements.—Section 12112(a)(2)(B) of title 46, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in clause (ii), by striking “or”;

(2) in clause (iii), by striking “and” and inserting “or”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

“(iv) is a foreign qualified freight vessel (as defined in section 55102(c)) used for transportation referred to in section 55102(c) for which the Secretary of Transportation has issued a certificate of documentation.”.

(c) Foreign transfer.—Section 56101(a)(2) of title 46, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by striking “Paragraph (1)(A)” and inserting:

“(A) Paragraph (1)(A)”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(B) Paragraph (1) does not apply with respect to a foreign qualified freight vessel (as defined in section 55102(c)) for which the Secretary has issued a certificate of documentation after the date of enactment of this Act and that is used solely for transportation referred to in section 55102(c) may be placed under foreign registry without the approval of the Secretary at any time after that vessel is issued a certificate of documentation. At such time as that vessel is placed under foreign registry, the Secretary shall revoke the certificate of documentation issued by the Secretary.”.

(a) Citizenship of corporations, partnerships, and associations.—Section 50501 of title 46, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(e) (1) EXCEPTIONS.—The following provisions of this section shall not apply to a foreign qualified freight vessel used for transportation referred to in section 55102(c)(2)(B):

“(A) Paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (b).

“(B) Subsection (c).

“(2) In paragraph (1) the term ‘foreign qualified freight vessel’ has the meaning given that term in section 55102(c).”.

(b) Approval of transfer of registry or operation under authority of a foreign country or for scrapping in a foreign country; penalties.—Section 56101 of title 46, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(f) Transfer of foreign vessels.—To promote the transfer of foreign vessels to be documented under chapter 121 of this title for use for transportation referred to in section 55102(c)(2)(B) of this title, the Secretary may grant approval under subsection (a) with respect to such a vessel before the date the vessel is documented.

“(g) Foreign qualified freight vessel.—In subsections (f) and (g), the term ‘foreign qualified freight vessel’ has the meaning given that term in section 55102(c) of this title.”.

(a) Liability for injury or death of master or crew member.—Section 30104 of title 46, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: “In an action brought under this section against a defendant employer that does not reside or maintain an office in the United States (including any territory or possession of the United States) and that engages in any enterprise that makes use of one or more ports in the United States (as defined in section 2101 of this title) jurisdiction shall be under the district court most proximate to the place of the occurrence of the personal injury or death that is the subject of the action.”.

(b) Election to under participate Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act.—Section 30104 of title 46, United States Code, as amended by subsection (a), is amended—

(1) by striking “A seaman” and inserting “(a) In general.— A seaman”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(b) (1) PARTICIPATION IN AN AUTHORIZED COMPENSATION PLAN.—The employer of a master or member of the crew of a vessel may participate in an authorized compensation plan under the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 901 et seq.). An employer that participates in such a plan is subject to such Act.

“(2) If an employer participates in an authorized compensation plan under such Act under paragraph (1)—

“(A) a master or crew member employed by that employer shall be considered to be an employee for the purposes of that Act; and

“(B) the liability of that employer under that Act to the master or crew member, or to any person otherwise entitled to recover damages from the employer based on the injury, disability, or death of the master or crew member, shall be exclusive and in lieu of all other liability.”.

(c) Minimum requirements.—All vessels, whether documented in the United States or not, operating in the coastwise trade of the United States shall be subject to minimum international labor standards for seafarers under international agreements in force for the United States, as determined by the Secretary of Transportation on the advice of the Secretaries of Labor and Defense.

(a) Applicable minimum requirements.—Except as provided in subsection (b), the minimum requirements for vessels engaging in the transportation of cargo or merchandise in the United States coastwise trade shall be the recognized international standards in force for the United States (as determined by the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, in consultation with any other official of the Federal Government that the Secretary determines to be appropriate).

(b) Consistency in application of standards.—In any case in which any minimum requirement for vessels referred to in subsection (a) establishes a lower standard than a minimum that is applicable to vessels that are documented in a foreign country and that are admitted to engage in the transportation of cargo and merchandise in the United States coastwise trade, the standard applicable to such vessels that are documented in a foreign country shall be the standard to be applied to United States documented vessels.

All vessels, whether documented under the laws of the United States or not, engaging in the United States coastwise trade shall comply with all applicable United States and international environmental standards in force for the United States.

(a) In general.—Each person or entity that is not a citizen of the United States, as defined in section 104 of title 46, United States Code, that owns or operates vessels that irregularly engage in the United States domestic coastwise trade shall—

(1) name an agent upon whom process may be served;

(2) abide by all applicable laws of the United States, including applicable environmental and tax laws; and

(3) post evidence of documentation and endorsements aboard such vessel indicating the owner or owners of such vessel, including any person controlling vessels and the number of port calls and coastwise trips made during that calendar year.

(b) Persons treated as single employer.—For purposes of paragraph (3), all persons treated as a single employer under subsection (a) or (b) of section 52 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall be treated as 1 person.