This Act may be cited as the “Kids’ Access to Primary Care Act of 2020”.

(a) Renewal of payment floor; additional providers.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1902(a)(13) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(a)(13)) is amended by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following:

“(C) payment for primary care services (as defined in subsection (jj)) at a rate that is not less than 100 percent of the payment rate that applies to such services and physician under part B of title XVIII (or, if greater, the payment rate that would be applicable under such part if the conversion factor under section 1848(d) for the year involved were the conversion factor under such section for 2009), and that is not less than the rate that would otherwise apply to such services under this title if the rate were determined without regard to this subparagraph, and that are—

“(i) furnished in 2013 and 2014, by a physician with a primary specialty designation of family medicine, general internal medicine, or pediatric medicine; or

“(ii) furnished during the period beginning on the first day of the first month beginning after the date of the enactment of the Kids’ Access to Primary Care Act of 2020—

“(I) by a physician with a primary specialty designation of family medicine, general internal medicine, pediatric medicine, or obstetrics and gynecology, but only if the physician self-attests that the physician is board-certified in family medicine, general internal medicine, pediatric medicine, or obstetrics and gynecology, respectively;

“(II) by a physician with a primary specialty designation of a family medicine subspecialty, an internal medicine subspecialty, a pediatric subspecialty, or a subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology, without regard to the board that offers the designation for such a subspecialty, but only if the physician self-attests that the physician is board-certified in such a subspecialty;

“(III) by an advanced practice clinician, as defined by the Secretary, that works under the supervision of—

“(aa) a physician described in subclause (I) or (II); or

“(bb) a nurse practitioner or a physician assistant (as such terms are defined in section 1861(aa)(5)(A)) who is working in accordance with State law, or a certified nurse-midwife (as defined in section 1861(gg)(2)) who is working in accordance with State law;

“(IV) by a rural health clinic, Federally-qualified health center, or other health clinic that receives reimbursement on a fee schedule applicable to a physician described in subclause (I) or (II), an advanced practice clinician described in subclause (III), or a nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or certified nurse-midwife described in subclause (III)(bb), for services furnished by—

“(aa) such a physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or certified nurse-midwife, respectively; or

“(bb) an advanced practice clinician supervised by such a physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or certified nurse-midwife; or

“(V) by a nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or certified nurse-midwife described in subclause (III)(bb), in accordance with procedures that ensure that the portion of the payment for such services that the nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or certified nurse-midwife is paid is not less than the amount that the nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or certified nurse-midwife would be paid if the services were provided under part B of title XVIII;”.

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 1905(dd) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396d(dd)) is amended—

(A) by striking “Notwithstanding” and inserting the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding”;

(B) by inserting “or furnished during the additional period specified in paragraph (2),” after “2015,”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(2) ADDITIONAL PERIOD.—For purposes of paragraph (1), the additional period specified in this paragraph is the period beginning on the first day of the first month beginning after the date of the enactment of the Kids’ Access to Primary Care Act of 2020.”.

(b) Improved targeting of primary care.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1902(jj) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(jj)) is amended—

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and moving the margin of each such subparagraph, as so redesignated, 2 ems to the right;

(B) by striking “For purposes of” and inserting the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(2) EXCLUSIONS.—Such term does not include any services described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) if such services are provided in an emergency department of a hospital.”.

(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to primary care services provided on or after the first day of the period described in subparagraph (C)(ii) of section 1902(a)(13) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(a)(13)), as amended by section 2.

(c) Ensuring payment by managed care entities.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1903(m)(2)(A) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396b(m)(2)(A)) is amended—

(A) in clause (xii), by striking “and” after the semicolon;

(B) in clause (xiii)—

(i) by moving the margin of such clause 2 ems to the left; and

(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(C) by inserting after clause (xiii) the following:

“(xiv) such contract provides that (I) payments to health care providers specified in section 1902(a)(13)(C) for furnishing primary care services defined in section 1902(jj) during a year or period specified in section 1902(a)(13)(C) are at least equal to the amounts set forth and required by the Secretary by regulation, (II) the entity shall, upon request, provide documentation to the State that is sufficient to enable the State and the Secretary to ensure compliance with subclause (I), and (III) the Secretary shall approve payments described in subclause (I) that are furnished through an agreed-upon capitation, partial capitation, or other value-based payment arrangement if the agreed-upon capitation, partial capitation, or other value-based payment arrangement is based on a reasonable methodology and the entity provides documentation to the State that is sufficient to enable the State and the Secretary to ensure compliance with subclause (I).”.

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 1932(f) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396u–2(f)) is amended by inserting “and clause (xiv) of section 1903(m)(2)(A)” before the period.

(3) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this subsection shall apply with respect to contracts entered into on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(a) In general.—Not later than the date that is one year and one month after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall conduct a study—

(1) comparing the number of children enrolled in a State plan under title XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.) (or a waiver of such plan) during the 12-month period preceding the first day of the period described in subparagraph (C)(ii) of section 1902(a)(13) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(a)(13)), as amended by section 2, to the number of children so enrolled during the 12-month period beginning on such first day;

(2) comparing the number of health care providers receiving payments for primary care services under the Medicaid program under such title during the 12-month period preceding the first day of the period described in subparagraph (C)(ii) of section 1902(a)(13) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(a)(13)), as amended by section 2, to the number of health care providers receiving such payments during the 12-month period beginning on such first day; and

(3) comparing health care provider payment rates for primary care services under the Medicaid program under such title during the 12-month period beginning on the first day of the period described in subparagraph (C)(ii) of section 1902(a)(13) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(a)(13)), as amended by section 2, across States, using the indexes described in subsection (b).

(b) Indexes described.—The indexes described in this subsection are each of the following:

(1) A Medicaid fee index, comparing each State’s average fee for primary care services under the Medicaid program under such title to the national average for such services.

(2) A Medicaid-to-Medicare fee index, comparing each State’s average fee for primary care services under the Medicaid program under such title to the fee for such services under the Medicare program under title XVIII of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.).

(3) A Medicaid fee change index, comparing fees for primary care services under the Medicaid program under such title during the 12-month period preceding the first day of the period described in subparagraph (C)(ii) of section 1902(a)(13) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(a)(13)), as amended by section 2, to the fees for such services during the 12-month period beginning on such first day.

(c) Authorization of appropriations.—For purposes of this section, there is authorized to be appropriated $200,000 for fiscal year 2021, to be available until expended.

It is the sense of Congress that health care providers should provide early and periodic screening, diagnostic, and treatment services (as defined in section 1905(r) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396d(r)) in accordance with the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics entitled, “Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents”.