“(a) In general.—Notwithstanding section 6(c) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20505(c)), in the case of any election for Federal office occurring during any period described in subsection (b), each State and jurisdiction shall—

“(1) permit any eligible voter to use absentee registration procedures and to vote by absentee ballot; and

“(2) comply with the requirements of subsection (d).

For purposes of this subsection, an election shall be considered to occur during a period described in subsection (b) if votes may be cast in such election (through absentee balloting, early voting, or otherwise) on any day during such period.

“(b) Period described.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—A period described in this subsection is a period—

“(A) subject to paragraph (2), that begins with the date that is 30 days after the date on which at least 25 percent of States have declared an emergency (under the laws of the State) with respect to any single natural disaster or infectious disease (including the coronavirus disease 2019 (referred to in this section as ‘COVID–19’)); and

“(B) that ends with—

“(i) in the case of a State that did not declare an emergency with respect to the single natural disaster or infectious disease described in subparagraph (A), 180 days after the first date on which less than 25 percent of States have an emergency declaration in effect with respect to such natural disaster or disease; and

“(ii) in the case of a State that did declare an emergency with respect to such natural disaster or infectious disease, the later of—

“(I) 180 days after the date on which the State declares that the emergency is no longer in effect; and

“(II) the date described in clause (i).

“(2) SPECIAL PERIOD.—If, as of the date of enactment of this section, at least 25 percent of States have declared an emergency (under the laws of the State) with respect to any single natural disaster or infectious disease (including COVID–19), then a period described in this subsection shall begin on the date that is 30 days after the date of enactment of this section.

“(3) TREATMENT OF EMERGENCY DECLARATIONS BY CERTAIN COUNTIES AND CITIES.—For purposes of this subsection, a State shall be deemed to have declared an emergency under the laws of the State with respect to a natural disaster or infectious disease (including COVID–19) if an emergency is declared with respect to such disaster or infectious disease by a city, county, parish, or other political subdivision of the State that has a population that is greater than 1,000,000.

“(c) State option To declare emergency voting period.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section 6(c) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20505(c)), if the Governor of a State has declared an emergency voting period with respect to the State in accordance with paragraph (2), the State and any jurisdiction in the State, with respect to any election for Federal office occurring during such period, shall—

“(A) permit any eligible voter to use absentee registration procedures and to vote by absentee ballot; and

“(B) comply with the requirements of subsection (d).

For purposes of this paragraph, an election shall be considered to occur during an emergency voting period if votes may be cast in such election (through absentee balloting, early voting, or otherwise) on any day during such period.

“(2) EMERGENCY VOTING PERIOD.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Governor of a State may declare an emergency voting period in the State by—

“(i) stating that a natural disaster or infectious disease (including COVID–19) has resulted in emergency conditions in the State; and

“(ii) invoking the authority provided under this subsection to apply the absentee registration procedures and absentee voting requirements described in paragraph (1) to the State.

“(B) DURATION OF EMERGENCY VOTING PERIOD.—An emergency voting period declared by a Governor of a State under subparagraph (A)—

“(i) shall begin on the date that is 30 days after the Governor declares the emergency voting period in accordance with subparagraph (A); and

“(ii) shall end on the later of—

“(I) 180 days after the date on which the Governor declares that emergency conditions no longer exist in the State; and

“(II) if applicable, the date on which the period described in subsection (b) ends.

“(d) Absentee registration and voting requirements.—The requirements described in this subsection are the following:

“(1) DEADLINE FOR ABSENTEE BALLOTS.—If a ballot submitted by an individual by mail with respect to an election for Federal office in the State is postmarked on or before the date of the election, the State may not refuse to accept or process the ballot on the grounds that the individual did not meet a deadline for returning the ballot to the appropriate State or local election official.

“(2) ABSENTEE BALLOT REQUESTS.—The State shall—

“(A) permit any eligible voter to submit an online request for an absentee ballot to vote in an election for Federal office in the State;

“(B) send an absentee ballot to vote in an election for Federal office in the State by mail to any eligible voter that submits a request for such a ballot on or before the date that is 5 days before the date of such election; and

“(C) on or before the date that is 1 day before the date of an election for Federal office in the State, permit any eligible voter that submits a request for an absentee ballot to vote in such election to download or receive via electronic mail a version of such ballot that the voter may print out and mail in.

“(3) NO EXCUSE REQUIRED.—The State shall not require that an eligible voter provide a reason in order to vote by absentee ballot or request to receive an absentee ballot.

“(4) NO WRITE-IN BALLOTS.—Any absentee ballot for an election for Federal office in the State that is provided to an eligible voter pursuant to paragraph (2) shall include the name of each candidate for such office.

“(e) State.—For purposes of this section, the term ‘State’ includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

“(f) Private right of action.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—In the case of a violation of this section, section 402 shall not apply and any person who is aggrieved by such violation may provide written notice of the violation to the chief election official of the State involved.

“(2) RELIEF.—If the violation is not corrected within 20 days after receipt of a notice under paragraph (1), or within 5 days after receipt of the notice if the violation occurred within 120 days before the date of an election for Federal office, the aggrieved person may, in a civil action, obtain declaratory or injunctive relief with respect to the violation.”.

“(a) In general.—Each State and local jurisdiction shall provide with any voter registration application, absentee ballot application, or blank absentee ballot sent by mail a self-sealing return envelope with prepaid postage or subject to an arrangement whereby the State will reimburse the United States Postal Service for the postage of any such return envelope that is sent by mail.

“(b) State.—For purposes of this section, the term ‘State’ includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

“(c) Effective date.—The requirements of this section shall apply to materials sent by States and local jurisdictions after the date that is 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.”.

“(a) In general.—The Commission shall make payments to each State equal to the following costs incurred by the State (and local jurisdictions within the State):

“(1) Costs of printing and mailing ballots and balloting material to absentee voters.

“(2) Costs for providing return envelopes and the postage associated with such envelopes pursuant to section 304.

“(3) Costs of purchasing high speed scanners and other equipment for processing absentee ballots.

“(4) Costs of purchasing and deploying absentee ballot drop boxes.

“(5) Costs paid or incurred in complying with section 2 of the Resilient Elections During Quarantines and Natural Disasters Act of 2020.

“(6) Any costs not described in paragraph (1) that are paid or incurred in complying with section 321.

“(b) Limitation.—No funds may be provided to a State under this section for costs attributable to the electronic return of marked ballots by any voter.

“(c) Pass-Through of funds to local jurisdictions.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), if a State receives a payment under this section for costs that include costs incurred by a local jurisdiction within the State, the State shall pass through to such local jurisdiction a portion of such payment that is equal to the amount of the costs incurred by such local jurisdiction.

“(2) INSUFFICIENT FUNDS.—If a State receives a payment for a period under this section that, as a result of the application of subsection (d), is less than the aggregate amount of costs described in subsection (a) for such State for such period, than the portion of such payment that the State is required to pass through to a local jurisdiction under paragraph (1) shall not exceed the amount which bears the same ratio to the total amount of costs incurred by such local jurisdiction for such period as—

“(A) the amount of the payment received by the State under this section for the period; bears to

“(B) the aggregate amount of costs described in subsection (a) for such State for such period.

“(d) Insufficient funds.—If the amount appropriated under section 298 exceeds the aggregate costs incurred by all States for the amounts described in subsection (a) for any period, the amount of payment made under such subsection to each State shall not exceed the amount which bears the same ratio to the aggregate amount of costs described in subsection (a) for such State for such period as—

“(1) the voting age population of the State (as reported in the most recent decennial census); bears to

“(2) the total voting age population of all States (as reported in the most recent decennial census).

“(e) State.—For purposes of this section, the term ‘State’ includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

“(a) In general.—There are authorized to be appropriated for payments under this part $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2020.

“(b) Availability of funds.—Amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization under this section shall remain available, without fiscal year limitation, until fiscal year 2030.”.