This Act may be cited as the “Improving Access to Jobs Act”.

(a) National highway performance program.—Section 119(f) of title 23, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in the subsection heading, by striking “Conditions” and inserting “Conditions; Safe and Convenient Access to Employment”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(3) SAFE AND CONVENIENT ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT ON PUBLIC ROADS.—

“(A) PENALTY.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause (ii), if a State reports, in a performance target report under section 150(e), that the State has not achieved the targets of the State for performance measures described in section 150(d) pertaining to the minimum standards for public roads established by the Secretary under section 150(c)(7), the State shall be required, during the following fiscal year—

“(I) to obligate, from the amounts apportioned to the State under section 104(b)(1), an amount equal to 10 percent of funds apportioned to the State for the previous fiscal year for the purpose of achieving the targets through projects on Federal-aid highways; and

“(II) to obligate, from the amounts apportioned to the State under section 104(b)(2) (other than amounts suballocated to metropolitan areas and other areas of the State under section 133(d)), an amount equal to 10 percent of the amount of funds apportioned to the State for the previous fiscal year for the purpose of achieving the targets through projects on Federal-aid highways.

“(B) RESTORATION.—The obligation requirement in subparagraph (A)(i)(I) for a fiscal year shall remain in effect for each subsequent fiscal year until the date on which the Secretary determines that the State has achieved the targets of the State for performance measures described in section 150(d) pertaining to the minimum standards for public roads established by the Secretary under section 150(c)(7).”.

(b) Metropolitan transportation planning.—

(1) FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS.—Section 134(h) of title 23, United States Code, is amended—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by redesignating subparagraphs (F) through (J) as subparagraphs (G) through (K), respectively; and

(ii) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the following:

“(F) improve safe and convenient access to employment by all modes of travel for all users;”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

“(4) LIMITATION ON TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PLAN.—In furtherance of the planning goals described in subparagraphs (F) and of paragraph (1), a metropolitan planning organization shall not approve a transportation improvement plan found to increase the ratio of automobile to non-automobile access in urbanized areas.

“(5) DEFINITION OF ACCESS.—In this subsection, the term ‘access’ means the ability to travel by auto, transit, pedestrian, and bike networks measured in terms of travel times, with impedances for level of travel stress for active travel and costs for low income travelers.”.

(2) PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION.—Section 5303(h)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (F) through (I) as subparagraphs (G) through (J), respectively;

(B) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the following:

“(F) improve safe and convenient access to employment by all modes of travel for all users;”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(4) DEFINITION OF ACCESS.—In this subsection, the term ‘access’ means the ability to travel by auto, transit, pedestrian, and bike networks measured in terms of travel times, with impedances for level of travel stress for active travel and costs for low income travelers.”.

(c) Statewide and nonmetropolitan transportation planning.—

(1) FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS.—Section 135(d) of title 23, United States Code, is amended—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by redesignating subparagraphs (F) through (J) as subparagraphs (G) through (J), respectively; and

(ii) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the following:

“(F) improve safe and convenient access to employment by all modes of travel for all users;”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

“(6) DEFINITION OF ACCESS.—In this subsection, the term ‘access’ means the ability to travel by auto, transit, pedestrian, and bike networks measured in terms of travel times, with impedances for level of travel stress for active travel and costs for low income travelers.”.

(2) PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION.—Section 5304(d)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (F) through (I) as subparagraphs (H) through (K), respectively; and

(B) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the following:

“(F) improve safe and convenient access to employment by all modes of travel for all users;”.

(d) National goals and performance management measures.—Section 150 of title 23, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph (8);

(B) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:

“(7) ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT.—To improve safe and convenient access to employment opportunities by all modes of travel for all users.”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(9) DEFINITION OF ACCESS.—In this subsection, the term ‘access’ means the ability to travel by auto, transit, pedestrian, and bike networks measured in terms of travel times, with impedances for level of travel stress for active travel and costs for low income travelers.”;

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by striking the paragraph designation and all that follows through “Not later” and inserting the following:

“(1) RULEMAKING.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later”; and

(ii) by adding at the end the following:

“(B) UPDATES.—The Secretary shall periodically update the rulemaking promulgated under subparagraph (A) as necessary, including to implement the amendments made to this section by the Improving Access to Jobs Act.”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

“(7) ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT ON PUBLIC ROADS.—For the purpose of carrying out section 119(f)(3), the Secretary shall establish minimum standards for States to use in determining and improving safe and convenient access to employment for all users by all modes of travel.

“(8) DEFINITION OF ACCESS.—In this subsection, the term ‘access’ means the ability to travel by auto, transit, pedestrian, and bike networks measured in terms of travel times, with impedances for level of travel stress for active travel and costs for low income travelers.”; and

(3) in subsection (d)(1)—

(A) by striking “subsection (c), each State shall set” and inserting “subsection (c)(1)(A), and not later than 1 year after each update of that rulemaking under subsection (c)(1)(B), each State shall set or update, as applicable,”; and

(B) by striking “and (6)” and inserting “(6), and (7)”.