(a) Short title.—This Act may be cited as the “America Labor, Economic competitiveness, Alliances, Democracy and Security Act” or the “America LEADS Act”.

(b) Table of contents.—The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings.
Sec. 3. Definitions.
Sec. 4. Statement of policy on Indo-Pacific and China strategy.
Sec. 5. Rules of construction.

Congress makes the following findings:

(1) The United States and the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations on January 1, 1979, and both countries can benefit from constructive diplomatic ties and regular dialogue.

(2) The strategic competition between the United States and the People’s Republic of China will shape the future of the 21st century, and the United States must accordingly reinvigorate its domestic industries and invest in research and development, entrepreneurs, domestic manufacturing, and the skills, education, and success of a diverse and inclusive workforce, while also ensuring that American soft and hard power remain unparalleled on the world stage.

(3) United States policy towards the People’s Republic of China is part of a broader approach to the Indo-Pacific and the world which aspires to work with our allies and partners to advance shared values and interests by preserving and enhancing a free, open, democratic inclusive, rules-based, stable, and diverse region.

(4) The United States does not seek to determine a particular state for the People’s Republic of China or contain the People’s Republic of China’s legitimate development or the legitimate aspirations of the Chinese people; nor do we wish to disengage from the People’s Republic of China or its people.

(5) The Government of China has made and continues to make decisions that fundamentally challenge United States national interests, regional peace and stability, and international security, including on vital strategic, economic, and diplomatic matters, human rights, and the rule of law.

(6) The malign activities of the Government of China related to predatory trade practices, economic espionage, regional aggression, and disrespect for human rights, democratic norms, and international law inhibits diplomatic, economic, and security relations with the United States.

(7) United States-China trade and economic relations have expanded significantly over the past three decades. Yet the People’s Republic of China’s commitments on trade issues, including technology transfers, intellectual property rights, and subsidies of domestic industries, have fallen short, requiring a rebalancing of trade and economic ties, the enforcement of existing rules and agreements, and the pursuit of future trade agreements that include rigorous verification and enforcement mechanisms.

(8) In recent years, United States-China military exchanges, with a goal of achieving greater transparency, mutual understanding, and confidence, have included high-level visits and recurrent exchanges between civilian and military officials. The United States remains committed to military-military engagement that would help to prevent miscalculation and miscommunication.

(9) The authoritarianism of the Government of China has deepened under General Secretary Xi Jinping, including a decision to remove presidential term limits and new and repressive policies in Hong Kong, Xinjiang, and Tibet, a new governance model embracing “digital authoritarianism,” and steps to severely repress and crush China’s civil society.

(10) The United States and the People’s Republic of China are both permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and have opportunities to cooperate where shared interests align on areas of mutual concern, including mitigating the effects of climate change, building a strong global economy, and ensuring regional peace and security.

In this Act:

(1) APPRENTICESHIP.—The term “apprenticeship” means an apprenticeship program that is registered by the Office of Apprenticeship or a State apprenticeship agency under the Act of August 16, 1937 (commonly known as the “National Apprenticeship Act”) (50 State. 664, chapter 663; 29 U.S.C. 50 et seq.), including, as in effect on December 30, 2019, any requirement, standard, or rule promulgated under that Act.

(2) CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY; CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY AREAS.—The terms “critical technology” and “critical technology area” have the meaning given the term “critical technology” in section 103(a).

It shall be the policy of the United States:

(1) To preserve and enhance a free, open, inclusive, stable, and diversified Indo-Pacific in which countries pursue their objectives peacefully and in accordance with international law and shared norms and principles, including—

(A) the peaceful resolution of disputes;

(B) an open economic order that promotes strong, sustainable, balanced, and equitable growth through a level, competitive playing field; and

(C) a diplomatic and political order that promotes peace and human dignity, based on the rule of law and respect for human rights.

(2) To strengthen cooperation among our partners in the region, leveraging their significant and growing capabilities to build a network of like-minded states that sustains and strengthens a rules-based regional order and addresses regional and global challenges.

(3) To recognize and respond to the differences between the United States and the People’s Republic of China and the geopolitical, strategic, economic, technological, and normative challenge that the Government of China, under President Xi Jinping’s leadership, poses to the United States and to the global community, as well as to the opportunities that exist to engage cooperatively with a China that is peaceful, stable, prosperous, and a responsible player in international affairs, with economic policies consistent with a rules-based level playing field and its international obligations.

(a) Restriction on funding for apprenticeship programs.—Funds made available under this Act to support apprenticeship programs may only be used to support apprenticeship programs that meet the definition of apprenticeship under section 3.

(b) Applicability of existing restrictions on assistance to foreign security forces.—Nothing in this Act shall be construed to diminish, supplant, supersede, or otherwise restrict or prevent responsibilities of the United States Government under 620M of the Foreign Assistance Act (22 U.S.C. 2378d) or section 362 of title 10, United States Code.

In this subtitle, the term “appropriate congressional committees” means—

(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(a) In general.—There is authorized to be appropriated for Federal funding for research and development in science and technology—

(1) for the period of the 4 calendar years beginning after the date of enactment of this Act, $300,000,000,000, which shall be in addition to any other Federal funding available for such purposes; and

(2) for each fiscal year following the end of the period described in paragraph (1), the amount necessary to provide for increased total funding (including any other Federal funding available) for such purposes at a level that is 3 percent more than the total funding provided for such purposes for the preceding fiscal year.

(b) Budget requirements.—

(1) OMB IDENTIFICATION.—The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall, for each of the fiscal years 2020 through 2026—

(A) determine the amount of funds that should be made available to each applicable Federal agency, including all Federal science agencies, in order to ensure that the Federal Government supports research and development in science and technology for the fiscal year in the amount described in subsection (a); and

(B) inform the head of each applicable Federal agency of the amount determined under subparagraph (A) for such agency.

(2) BUDGETS.—For each of fiscal years 2020 through 2026—

(A) the head of each Federal science agency shall prepare and submit a budget estimate and request to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget for such fiscal year that provides for funding for science and technology at the level determined under paragraph (1)(A) for the agency; and

(B) the President shall include, in the budget submitted under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, for the fiscal year, the budget estimate and request prepared by the head of each Federal science agency under subparagraph (A) for such fiscal year.

(3) DEFINITION OF FEDERAL SCIENCE AGENCY.—In this subsection, the term “Federal science agency” has the meaning given the term in section 103 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 6623).

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) COUNCIL.—The term “Council” means the National Science and Technology Council.

(2) CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES.—The term “critical technologies” means the technologies included on the most recent list under subsection (e), including any additions or deletions made by the Director in accordance with subsection (e)(2).

(3) DIRECTOR.—The term “Director” means the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.

(4) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given the term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)).

(5) MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTION.—The term “minority-serving institution” means an eligible institution described in section 371(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)).

(6) NATIONAL LABORATORIES.—The term “National Laboratories” has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).

(7) PROGRAM.—The term “Program” means the Excellence in Critical Technologies Program established under subsection (b).

(8) SOCIALLY AND ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED INDIVIDUAL.—The term “socially and economically disadvantaged individual” means any socially and economically disadvantaged individual described in the flush text following section 8(d)(3)(C) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(d)(3)(C)) and in any relevant subcontracting regulation issued under such section 8(d).

(b) Excellence in critical technologies program established.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director, acting through the Council, shall coordinate interagency activities to develop and advance critical technologies in the United States.

(2) DESIGNATION.—The initiative established under paragraph (1) shall be known as the “Excellence in Critical Technologies Program”.

(c) Activities of program.—The activities of the Program shall include the following:

(1) Establish and coordinate interagency initiatives to advance critical technologies through research and development, and to encourage and enable the domestic production of such technologies, that will draw on the private sector, institutions of higher education (including minority-serving institutions), National Laboratories, Federal laboratories, and other relevant entities, as appropriate.

(2) Advise Congress on opportunities for greater investment in United States entities involved in the domestic development, deployment, and manufacturing of critical technologies.

(3) Collaborate with labor organizations (including labor unions), elementary and secondary schools, institutions of higher education (including minority-serving institutions), and other educational institutions and training providers on best practices for—

(A) developing the United States technology workforce;

(B) creating and protecting domestic jobs; and

(C) increasing participation in the technology workforce by low-income individuals, women, racial and ethnic minorities, and other underrepresented populations.

(4) Establish norms for the proper development of critical technologies that ensure—

(A) the application of the critical technologies remains consistent with individual human rights; and

(B) the critical technologies cannot be abused by authoritarian states.

(d) Agencies.—The program shall be implemented by the following agencies:

(1) The Department of Commerce, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

(2) The Department of Defense.

(3) The Department of Energy.

(4) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

(5) The National Institutes of Health.

(6) The National Institute of Standards and Technology.

(7) The National Science Foundation.

(8) Other relevant agencies designated by the Director.

(e) List of critical technologies; updating process.—

(1) INITIAL LIST.—The initial list of critical technologies shall consist of the following:

(A) Artificial intelligence and machine learning.

(B) High-performance computing, semiconductors, and advanced computer hardware.

(C) Quantum computing and information systems.

(D) Robotics, automation, and advanced manufacturing.

(E) Natural or anthropogenic disaster prevention.

(F) Advanced communications technology.

(G) Biotechnology, genomics, and synthetic biology.

(H) Advanced energy technology.

(I) Cybersecurity, data storage, and data management technologies.

(J) Metal and material production relevant to other critical technologies.

(K) Materials science, engineering, and exploration relevant to other critical technologies.

(2) ADDING OR DELETING CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES.—Beginning on the date that is 4 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and every 4 years thereafter, the Director—

(A) shall, in consultation with the working group established under subsection (f), review the list of critical technologies developed under this subsection; and

(B) as part of that review, may add or delete critical technologies if the competitive threats to the United States have shifted (whether because the United States or other nations have advanced or fallen behind in a technology), subject to paragraph (3).

(3) LIMIT ON CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY CATEGORIES.—Not more than 10 critical technology categories shall be included on the list of critical technologies at any time.

(4) UPDATING LIST OF CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES AND DISTRIBUTION.—Upon the completion of each review under paragraph (2), the Director shall make the list of critical technologies readily available to the public, including by publishing the list in the Federal Register, even if no changes have been made to the prior list.

(f) Private sector working group.—

(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall establish a private sector working group to advise the Federal Government in the development of a strategy to achieve the activities listed in subsection (c).

(2) MEMBERSHIP.—

(A) COMPOSITION.—The working group established under paragraph (1) shall be composed of members selected by the Director from among the following:

(i) Leading technical experts on critical technologies.

(ii) Business leaders, including from startups, small businesses, and businesses owned by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals, formerly incarcerated individuals, women, veterans, and other underrepresented populations.

(iii) Representatives of labor organizations (including labor unions).

(iv) Representatives of elementary, secondary, and higher education, and of workforce development, including organizations that specialize in workforce diversity and inclusion.

(v) Experts on human rights.

(vi) Experts on cybersecurity.

(vii) Experts on safety and health.

(B) LEADERSHIP.—The Director shall designate one individual named under subparagraph (A) to be the chair of the working group established under paragraph (1).

(C) ADVICE.—Before making appointments under this subsection, the Director shall consult with the National Academy of Sciences and other relevant groups.

(3) CONVENE.—Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the working group established under paragraph (1) shall convene for the first time.

(4) MEETINGS.—After its first meeting, the working group established under paragraph (1) shall convene once every 3 months or when called upon by the Director.

(5) CONFLICT OF INTEREST.—The Director shall establish procedures, in accordance with Federal law, to deal with conflicts of interest.

(g) Reporting requirement.—Each year, at the time of the President’s annual budget submission to Congress, the Director shall submit a report that describes—

(1) the activities and funding levels of the Program, by agency, in the prior and current fiscal years, and plans for activities in the upcoming fiscal year;

(2) the overall strategy to advance critical technologies through the Program and to encourage and enable the domestic production of the critical technologies;

(3) the achievements of the Program in the prior fiscal year and any elements of the Program that need to be strengthened; and

(4) how agency activities are being coordinated to maximize the effectiveness of Federal efforts.

(h) Endless frontier.—

(1) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that—

(A) the Director of the National Science Foundation should establish a Technology Directorate, consistent with the bill entitled “A bill to establish a new Directorate for Technology in the redesignated National Science and Technology Foundation, to establish a regional technology hub program, to require a strategy and report on economic security, science, research, and innovation, and for other purposes” (S. 3832, 116th Congress, introduced on May 21, 2020) (referred to in this subsection as the “Endless Frontier Act”), to advance research and innovation in critical technologies;

(B) the Secretary of Commerce should establish regional technology hubs, consistent with the Endless Frontier Act, to promote regional economic development related to critical technologies; and

(C) the Director of the National Science Foundation requires an additional $100,000,000,000 over a period of 5 years, and the Secretary of Commerce requires an additional $10,000,000,000 over a period of 5 years, to carry out subparagraphs (A) and (B).

(2) IMPLEMENTATION.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out this section in a manner consistent with the agency roles in the Endless Frontier Act.

(B) TRANSITION AFTER ENACTMENT.—Beginning upon the date of enactment of the Endless Frontier Act, the role of the working group under subsection (f) shall be carried out by the Board of Advisors established under the Endless Frontier Act.

(i) Consultation.—In carrying out this section, the Director shall consult with the National Economic Council, the National Security Council, and other relevant White House entities.

(a) List required.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (referred to in this section as the “Director”), in coordination with the National Security Council, the National Economic Council, and the relevant agencies described in paragraph (2), shall establish and maintain a list of acquisition programs, technologies, manufacturing capabilities, and research areas that are critical for maintaining the national and economic security technological advantage of the United States over foreign countries of special concern.

(2) RELEVANT AGENCIES.—The agencies described in this paragraph are—

(A) the Department of Commerce, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Bureau of Industry and Security;

(B) the Department of Defense;

(C) the Department of Energy;

(D) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;

(E) the National Institutes of Health;

(F) the National Science Foundation; and

(G) other relevant agencies designated by the Director.

(b) Use of list.—The Director may use the list established and maintained under subsection (a)(1) for the following purposes:

(1) To guide the recommendations of the Federal Government in any interagency determinations conducted pursuant to Federal law relating to technology protection, including relating to export licensing, deemed exports, technology transfer, and foreign direct investment.

(2) To inform Federal Government interagency processes on promotion and protection activities involving acquisition programs and technologies that are necessary to achieve and maintain the national and economic security technology advantage of the United States, including those that are supportive of military requirements and strategies.

(3) To inform the Federal Government’s activities to integrate acquisition, intelligence, counterintelligence and security, and law enforcement to inform requirements, acquisition, programmatic, and strategic courses of action for technology protection.

(4) To identify vulnerabilities in supply chains in critical technologies and foundational manufacturing capabilities that are key to domestic manufacturing competitiveness and resiliency, including forming, casting, machining, joining, surface treatment, and tooling.

(5) To inform development of research investment strategies and activities and development of innovation centers and the critical technology industrial base through the employment of financial assistance from the Federal Government through appropriate statutory authorities and programs.

(6) To identify opportunities for alliances and partnerships in key research and development areas to achieve and maintain a national and economic security technology advantage.

(7) To identify opportunities for the Federal Government’s acquisition programs to prompt the development, deployment, and domestic manufacturing of technologies, including creating market demand for new technologies and key manufacturing processes.

(8) For such other purposes as the Director considers appropriate.

(c) Updates.—Not less frequently than once each year, the Director shall update the list established and maintained under subsection (a)(1).

(d) Publication.—

(1) INITIAL PUBLICATION.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall publish the list established and maintained under subsection (a)(1).

(2) UPDATES.—Not later than one year after publishing the list under paragraph (1) and not less frequently than once each year thereafter, the Director shall publish the list more recently updated under subsection (c).

(3) JUSTIFICATIONS.—Each publication under this subsection shall include a justification for the inclusion of items on the list, including specific performance and technical figures of merit.

(e) Excellence in critical technologies program.—The Director shall implement this section in conjunction with the Excellence in Critical Technologies Program established by section 103.

(a) In general.—There shall be established in the Office of the Secretary of State, the Office of International Strategic Scientific Innovation (referred to in this section as the “Office”). The head of the Office shall be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall be referred to as the Ambassador at Large for International Strategic Scientific Innovation, and shall report directly to the Secretary of State.

(b) Duties.—The Office shall—

(1) develop and communicate United States positions regarding scientific innovation policies and the exchange of scientific information;

(2) coordinate with allies and partner governments to ensure that the United States works cooperatively with nations in the Group of Seven and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development to leverage our combined technical expertise to lead in scientific innovation in the 21st century;

(3) encourage partner countries—

(A) to increase their national research and development budgets;

(B) to target specific critical technology sectors for such increased budgets; and

(C) to provide research and development tax incentives for technology firms to form international collaborative partnerships;

(4) coordinate efforts among relevant Federal agencies to build and enhance partnerships with countries to develop digital infrastructure;

(5) lead the efforts of the Department of State, including through the Under Secretary for Management, to increase opportunities to bring specialists in innovation and critical technologies into the Department of State, including for fellowships and any other program identified by the Office;

(6) engage with allies and partners with respect to best practices for investing in entities that promote a free, stable, open, and secure digital domain;

(7) foster increased engagement between United States private sector entities working on critical technologies with private entities or academic institutions located in like-minded nations; and

(8) coordinate with the United States International Development Finance Corporation, the United States Agency for International Development, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, and other Federal departments and agencies to encourage American startups in artificial intelligence and data science, genomics and synthetic biology, quantum information systems, clean energy, and other frontier technologies to invest in, export to, and form research and development partnerships with reputable firms in critical technology ecosystems.

(c) Qualifications.—The Ambassador at Large for International Strategic Scientific Innovation shall have demonstrated expertise in—

(1) critical technologies;

(2) scientific innovation and development policy;

(3) international relations and diplomacy; and

(4) the intersection of innovation and workforce and skills development.

(d) Coordination reporting requirement.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Ambassador at Large for International Strategic Scientific Innovation shall submit a strategy to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representative for creating mechanisms whereby the United States and like-minded countries can coordinate—

(1) to ensure an open flow of ideas related to innovation and technology; and

(2) to protect the benefits of promoting innovation.

Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, Secretary of Commerce, Secretary of Energy, and Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that—

(1) assesses the Government of China’s development and utilization of dual-use technologies (including robotics, artificial intelligence and autonomous systems, facial recognition systems, quantum computing, cryptography, space systems and satellites, 5G telecommunications, and other digitally enabled technologies and services) and the effects of such technologies on the United States and allied national security interests;

(2) assesses the Government of China’s use of global supply chains and other international mechanisms to access foreign technology sources to aid in the development of its domestic dual-use technologies, including—

(A) the use of United States-sourced software and hardware in Chinese manufactured technologies;

(B) the use of European-sourced software and hardware in Chinese manufactured technologies; and

(C) the use of the Belt and Road Initiative to secure resources, knowledge, and other components needed to develop critical dual-use technologies;

(3) assesses the Government of China’s industrial policy and monetary investments, including their effect on the development of Chinese-made dual use technologies;

(4) assesses the Government of China’s cyberespionage and the extent to which such actions have aided in China’s development of dual-use technologies;

(5) describes the policies the United States Government is adopting to protect the interests of the United States with respect to dual-use technologies; and

(6) recommends additional actions the United States Government should take to enhance the protection of the interests described in this section.

(a) In general.—Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the United States Trade Representative, shall submit to the Committee on Finance and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report on anticompetitive behavior by the Government of China, including the Government of China’s use of the Anti-Monopoly law and subsequent treatment of United States companies in the People’s Republic of China with respect to politically motivated investigations, forced transfer of intellectual property or proprietary information, illegal market capture, intimidation, bribery and extortion, due process, and transparency.

(b) Elements.—The report required under subsection (a) shall include the following elements:

(1) An analysis of anticompetitive behavior perpetrated by the Government of China and its state-owned enterprises in specific industries, including—

(A) pharmaceuticals;

(B) financial services;

(C) telecommunications;

(D) infrastructure;

(E) advance manufacturing;

(F) transportation; and

(G) critical technologies.

(2) An assessment of the extent to which and how significant bribery, corruption, and extortion play into their anticompetitive behavior.

(3) A description of the effects of the Government of China’s anticompetitive behavior on United States-owned businesses in the People’s Republic of China.

(4) A description of the effects of the Government of China’s anticompetitive behavior on United States domestic industries and jobs.

(a) Sense of congress.—It is the sense of Congress that—

(1) the United States should seek areas of cooperation in the peaceful exploration of space;

(2) the testing and use of anti-satellite technologies by the Government of China or any other country—

(A) threatens the peaceful use of space;

(B) creates dangerous space debris that impedes the space efforts of all countries; and

(C) contributes to a climate of suspicion and instability with respect to space exploration, rather than a climate of cooperation; and

(3) it is in the interests of all countries to establish and adhere to norms and treaties enshrining principles of free, peaceful, and collaborative conduct in space.

(b) Statement of policy.—It is the policy of the United States to seek cooperation in the peaceful exploration of space with any country, including the People’s Republic of China, so long as such cooperation does not—

(1) impinge on critical domestic technologies;

(2) pose a risk to the security of the United States;

(3) further debris-producing anti-satellite weapons testing; and

(4) threaten human rights protections.

(c) Strategy and assessment.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the President, acting through the National Space Council, shall submit to Congress—

(1) a strategy for pursuing bilateral and multilateral efforts to develop norms, treaties, and agreements governing responsible, collaborative, and transparent conduct in space, including—

(A) remote proximity operations between satellites or crewed vehicles;

(B) reinforcing and building upon existing agreements limiting the stationing of weapons in outer space or on a celestial body;

(C) greater interoperability between space systems, as appropriate, including in furtherance of the United Nations “Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space”, entered into force on December 3, 1968;

(D) the protection of heritage or historical sites and artifacts;

(E) the registration and mitigation of space debris and development of responsible procedures for disposal of satellites and other objects;

(F) clarifying and enhancing responsibility for oversight and governance of commercial or private space activities;

(G) the promotion of transparency between countries with respect to space operations and intentions;

(H) the sharing of scientific data and research; and

(I) reinforcing and expanding adoption of current international treaties and agreements governing conduct in space;

(2) a strategy for maintaining and enhancing efforts to return humans to the Moon and successfully carry out a crewed mission to Mars; and

(3) an assessment of the sufficiency of current law and government structures to oversee space activities and foster continuing growth of space industry, including recommendations to achieve the same and a description of any provision of law that unnecessarily impedes appropriate collaboration with foreign countries on space programs.

In this subtitle, the term “appropriate congressional committees” means—

(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Finance, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Ways and Means, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(a) In general.—The President, acting through the Secretary of State and in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall build upon efforts of the G20 and initiate a multi-stakeholder initiative that brings together governments, the private sector, and civil society to encourage the adoption of trusted standards for quality global infrastructure development in an open and inclusive framework, including with respect to the following issues:

(1) Respect for the sovereignty of countries in which infrastructure investments are made.

(2) Anti-corruption.

(3) Rule of law.

(4) Human rights and labor rights.

(5) Fiscal and debt sustainability.

(6) Social and governance safeguards.

(7) Transparency.

(8) Environmental and energy standards, including support for high-quality carbon-neutral energy infrastructure promoting new and renewable technologies, including wind and solar and commitments to reduce particulate pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

(b) Sense of congress.—It is the sense of Congress that the United States should immediately launch a series of fora around the world showcasing the commitment of the United States and partners of the United States to high-quality development cooperation, including with respect to the issues as described in subsection (a).

(c) Report on progress of negotiations.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a briefing on the progress of any negotiations conducted under subsection (a).

(a) In general.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, the Secretary of Commerce, the Board of Directors of the United States International Development Finance Corporation, and, as appropriate, the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that—

(1) assesses infrastructure around the world;

(2) describes interests of the United States relating to infrastructure, disaggregated by regional and functional priorities; and

(3) identifies—

(A) pending or future projects that would be considered vital to those interests; and

(B) pending or future projects that pose little or no threat to those interests.

(b) Form of report.—The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.

(c) Use of information by United States international development finance corporation.—The Board of Directors of the United States International Development Finance Corporation shall use the assessment conducted under subsection (a) to inform decisions relating to the appropriate allocation of funds available to the Corporation, consistent with the authorities of the Corporation under the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.).

The Secretary of State shall establish a program, to be known as the “Infrastructure Transaction and Assistance Network”, under which the Secretary, in coordination with the Global Infrastructure Coordinating Committee, shall advance the development of quality infrastructure, as described in section 113, around the world by—

(1) strengthening capacity-building programs to improve project evaluation processes, regulatory and procurement environments, and project preparation capacity of countries that are partners of the United States in such development;

(2) providing transaction advisory services to support sustainable infrastructure; and

(3) coordinating the provision of United States assistance for the development of infrastructure and catalyzing investment led by the private sector.

Section 721(c)(3) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(c)(3)) is amended—

(1) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The chairperson, in the discretion of the chairperson and in consultation with other members of the Committee, shall, to protect the national security of the United States and countries that are allies or partners of the United States, establish a formal process for—

“(i) the exchange of information under paragraph (2)(C) with the governments of such countries; and

“(ii) the provision of assistance to those countries with respect to—

“(I) reviewing foreign investment transactions in such countries;

“(II) determining the beneficial ownership of parties to such transactions; and

“(III) identifying trends in investment and technology that could pose risks to the national security of the United States and such countries.”; and

(2) in subparagraph (B)—

(A) in clause (ii), by striking “; and” and inserting a semicolon;

(B) by redesignating clause (iii) as clause (iv); and

(C) by inserting after clause (ii) the following:

“(iii) provide for the provision of assistance to support such countries to review foreign investment transactions in such countries and determine the beneficial ownership of the parties to such transactions; and”.

(a) Strategy for developing countries.—The President shall direct a whole-of-government effort, through the National Security Council, to establish a comprehensive, integrated, multiyear strategy, in consultation with the United States private sector—

(1) to strengthen energy security;

(2) to increase clean energy and trade;

(3) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and congestion from transportation sectors; and

(4) to expand energy access in developing countries that are critical to United States interests around the world.

(b) Strategy To increase United States clean energy exports.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the next 5 years, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, shall establish a United States Government strategy to increase United States exports of clean energy technology to assist foreign countries in—

(1) strengthening their energy security;

(2) creating open, efficient, rule-based, and transparent energy markets;

(3) improving free, fair, and reciprocal energy trading relationships; and

(4) expanding access to affordable, reliable, clean energy and low carbon transportation.

(c) Advanced and reliable energy partnerships.—It is the sense of Congress that—

(1) the United States should establish bilateral, multilateral, and regional initiatives to increase energy security in Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, North Africa, and the Indo-Pacific region;

(2) the United States should explore opportunities to partner with the private sector and multilateral institutions, such as the World Bank, to promote universal access to reliable clean energy and less carbon intensive transportation in developing countries;

(3) the United States should establish a partnership between the Department of Energy national laboratories and the governments of appropriate countries to provide technical assistance with respect to electrical grid development and the development and deployment of new and advanced clean energy technologies including low- and zero-emission vehicles; and

(4) the United States should seek to encourage and support the export of United States-based efforts for the development and deployment of new and advanced clean energy technology, including low- and zero-emissions vehicles, as a central element of the development strategy of the United States.

(a) United States policy at international financial institutions.—The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of each international financial institution (as defined in section 1701(c)(2) of the International Financial Institutions Act (22 U.S.C. 262r(c)(2)) that it is the policy of the United States to use the voice and vote of the United States at that institution to seek to secure greater transparency with respect to the terms and conditions of financing provided by the Government of China to any country that is a member of the institution and receives financing from the institution, consistent with the rules and principles of the Paris Club.

(b) Report required.—The Chairman of the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Policies shall include in the annual report required by section 1701 of the International Financial Institutions Act (22 U.S.C. 262r)—

(1) a description of progress made toward advancing the policy described in subsection (a); and

(2) a discussion of financing provided by entities owned or controlled by the Government of China to countries described in subsection (a), including any efforts or recommendations by the Chairman to seek greater transparency with respect to such financing.

(c) Termination.—The requirements of subsections (a) and (b) shall terminate on the earlier of—

(1) the date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment of this Act; or

(2) the date that is 30 days after the date on which the Secretary submits to the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a report stating that the Government of China is in substantial compliance with the rules and principles of the Paris Club.

(a) In general.—There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary—

(1) to carry out the activities required under this subtitle; and

(2) to co-finance infrastructure projects that could otherwise be included in the Belt and Road Initiative of the Government of China, if—

(A) the United States can leverage existing and future projects that have entered into contracts with the Belt and Road Initiative to further promote transparency and debt sustainability; and

(B) the projects promote the public good.

(b) Leveraging of private sector financing.—The United States shall work with countries that are allies and partners of the United States to leverage financing from the private sector for projects described in subsection (a)(2).

In this subtitle, the term “appropriate congressional committees” means—

(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Finance, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Ways and Means, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(a) Statement of policy on leadership in international standards setting.—It is the sense of Congress that the United States must reassert its leadership in the international standard-setting bodies that set the governance norms and rules for critical and digitally enabled technologies in order to ensure that these technologies operate within a free, secure, interoperable, and stable digital domain.

(b) Negotiations for digital trade agreement.—It is the sense of Congress that the United States Trade Representative should negotiate bilateral and multilateral agreements relating to digital goods with the European Union, Japan, Taiwan, and the member countries of the Five Eyes intelligence-sharing alliance.

(c) Freedom of information in the digital age.—It is the sense of Congress that the United States should lead a global effort to ensure that freedom of information, including the ability to safely consume or publish information without fear of undue reprisals, is maintained as the digital domain becomes an increasingly integral mechanism for communication.

(d) Efforts To ensure technological development does not threaten democratic governance or human rights.—It is the sense of Congress that the United States should convene a global effort to develop and adopt a set of common principles and standards for critical technologies to ensure that the development of new technologies cannot be abused by malign actors, whether they are governments or other entities, and does not threaten democratic governance or human rights.

(e) Formation of technology trade alliance.—It is the sense of Congress that the United States should examine opportunities for diplomatic negotiations regarding the formation of mutually beneficial alliances relating to digitally enabled technologies and services.

It is the sense of Congress that the United States, along with allies and partners, should lead an international effort that utilizes all of the economic and diplomatic tools at its disposal to combat the expanding use of information and communications technology products and services to surveil, repress, and manipulate populations (also known as “digital authoritarianism”).

(a) Establishment.—There is established within the Executive Office of the President the position of 5G Policy Coordinator.

(b) Purpose.—The 5G Policy Coordinator shall oversee the coordination of United States Government efforts to ensure the development of a safe, secure, open, stable, and interoperable 5G environment globally.

(c) Qualifications.—An individual appointed as 5G Policy Coordinator shall have demonstrated competency in the following fields:

(1) Telecommunications and other relevant technological fields.

(2) Cybersecurity.

(3) International diplomacy.

(d) Duties.—The duties of the 5G Policy Coordinator shall include developing and leading, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce, a strategy for engagement with like-minded allies and partners on—

(1) securing a 5G environment that is free, stable, open, secure, and interoperable;

(2) opportunities for mutually beneficial engagement on 5G issues;

(3) efforts at countering the spread of the use of information and communications technology products and services to surveil, repress, and manipulate populations (also known as “digital au­thor­i­tar­i­an­ism”); and

(4) promoting governance norms within international standard-setting bodies that align with values of the United States and like-minded allies and partners for a free and open internet.

(e) Placement and reporting.—The 5G Policy Coordinator shall report directly to the National Security Advisor to the President of the United States.

(f) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the authority or jurisdiction of the Federal Communications Commission or confer upon the President, the 5G Policy Coordinator, or any other executive branch agency the power to direct the actions of the Commission, whether directly or indirectly.

(a) Digital connectivity and cybersecurity partnership.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall, in coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Energy, submit to Congress a whole-of-government strategy (to be known as the “Digital Connectivity and Cybersecurity Partnership”) and implementation plan to leverage United States expertise to help governments of foreign countries—

(1) develop and secure digital infrastructure in those countries;

(2) protect technological assets, including data; and

(3) advance cybersecurity and interoperability to protect against cybercrime and cyberespionage.

(b) Challenges.—The strategy required by subsection (a) shall address—

(1) developing interoperable frameworks that allow for the free flow of data and information, without unnecessarily restrictive requirements for data localization and cross-border data flow, and that respect individual liberties, privacy, and human rights;

(2) ensuring that the products and services necessary for the functioning of the digital economy are not subject to the control of an authoritarian government;

(3) establishing standards to ensure equipment and software companies have transparent corporate ownership and are financed transparently for the purposes of procurement, investment, and contracting;

(4) improving cybersecurity capabilities to mitigate vulnerabilities in a more complex and dynamic threat environment; and

(5) developing best practices for financing and deploying telecommunications networks to ensure long-term solvency of market players.

(c) Consultation.—In developing the strategy required by subsection (a), the Secretary of State shall consult with—

(1) leaders of the United States industry;

(2) other relevant technology experts;

(3) representatives from relevant United States Government agencies; and

(4) representatives from like-minded allies and partners.

(d) Digital Connectivity and Cybersecurity Partnership Fund.—

(1) PROGRAM FOR FUND REQUIRED.—The Secretary of State shall carry out a program, to be known as the “Digital Connectivity and Cybersecurity Partnership Fund”, under which the Secretary awards grants to entities to carry out digital infrastructure projects in foreign countries designed to achieve the goals described in subsection (a).

(2) SELECTION OF GRANTEES.—The Secretary shall award grants under the program required by this subsection to the entities that submit proposals to the Secretary for digital infrastructure projects that the Secretary determines—

(A) meet the requirements established pursuant to paragraph (3)(D); and

(B) will have the greatest impact in meeting such requirements for the least cost.

(3) PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION.—In carrying out the program required by this subsection, the Secretary shall develop—

(A) the policy goals of projects for which grants will be awarded under the program;

(B) procedures for selecting such projects and distributing such grants;

(C) a method of maximizing the number of entities competing for such grants; and

(D) requirements for proposals for such projects, including—

(i) minimum technical and financial requirements; and

(ii) regulatory requirements.

(e) Semiannual briefing requirement.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the Secretary of State shall provide to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a briefing on the implementation of the strategy required by subsection (a).

(f) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(a) Establishment of fund.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established in the Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the “Multilateral Telecommunications Security Fund”.

(2) USE OF FUND.—Amounts deposited in the Multilateral Telecommunications Security Fund shall be available to the Secretary of State to make expenditures under this subsection in such amounts as the Secretary determines appropriate.

(3) AVAILABILITY.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Amounts deposited in the Multilateral Telecommunications Security Fund—

(i) shall remain available through the end of the tenth fiscal year beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act; and

(ii) may only be allocated upon the Secretary of State reaching an agreement with foreign government partners to participate in the common funding mechanism described in subsection (b).

(B) REMAINDER TO TREASURY.—Any amounts remaining in the Multilateral Telecommunications Security Fund after the end of the tenth fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of this Act shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury.

(b) Administration of fund.—The Secretary of State, in consultation with the National Telecommunications and Information Administration Administrator, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Director of National Intelligence, shall establish a common funding mechanism, in coordination with foreign partners, that uses amounts from the Multilateral Telecommunications Security Fund to support the development and adoption of secure and trusted telecommunications technologies.

(c) Annual report to Congress.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for each fiscal year during which amounts in the Multilateral Telecommunications Security Fund are available, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the status and progress of the funding mechanism established under subsection (b), including—

(1) any funding commitments from foreign partners, including each specific amount committed;

(2) governing criteria for use of the Multilateral Telecommunications Security Fund;

(3) an account of—

(A) how funds have been deployed, including to whom they have been provided;

(B) amounts remaining in the Multilateral Telecommunications Security Fund; and

(C) the progress of the Secretary in meeting the objective described in subsection (b); and

(4) additional authorities needed to enhance the effectiveness of the Multilateral Telecommunications Security Fund in achieving the security goals of the United States.

(d) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $500,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2021 through 2026.

Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report regarding—

(1) the strengths and vulnerabilities of the semiconductor industry in the United States; and

(2) the threat that the proposed “Made in China 2025” initiative of the Government of China poses to the global market share of the United States with respect to the industry described in paragraph (1).

In this subtitle:

(1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—The term “appropriate congressional committees” means—

(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Financial Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(2) SOCIALLY AND ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED INDIVIDUAL.—The term “socially and economically disadvantaged individual” means any socially and economically disadvantaged individual described in the flush text following section 8(d)(3)(C) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(d)(3)(C)) and in any relevant subcontracting regulation issued under such section 8(d).

(a) Findings.—Congress makes the following findings:

(1) The Manufacturing USA Program is central to maintaining the global leadership of the United States in critical technologies.

(2) When the Manufacturing USA Program was launched, it was envisioned that the program would build a national network of 45 institutes.

(3) As of the date of the enactment of this Act, 15 Manufacturing USA institutes have been established with support of the Federal Government to advance new technologies and processes to strengthen the manufacturing competitiveness of the United States.

(4) The success of the Manufacturing USA Program is underscored by the Government of China copying the technology foci of the first 14 Manufacturing USA institutes in the creation of their own manufacturing innovation centers as part of their Made in China 2025 effort to become a world leader in advanced manufacturing and critical technology areas.

(5) The Government of China is doubling down in its effort to build a network of manufacturing innovation centers, with plans to establish 40 such centers by 2025 to leapfrog the efforts of the United States to maintain global leadership in critical technologies.

(6) The Manufacturing USA Program has broad bipartisan support, having recently been reauthorized by section 1741 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92) and expanded by such section to allow for the renewal of existing Manufacturing USA institutes to establish longer term Federal commitment based on the performance of each Manufacturing USA institute.

(7) Fulfilling the original goal of establishing 45 Manufacturing USA institutes by 2025 is critical to preventing Chinese dominance in critical technologies and ensuring the security and global leadership in advanced manufacturing of the United States.

(b) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) ALLIANCE MANUFACTURING USA INSTITUTE.—The term “alliance Manufacturing USA institute” means a Manufacturing USA institute described in paragraph (3) of section 34(d) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(d)).

(2) MANUFACTURING USA INSTITUTE.—The term “Manufacturing USA institute” means an institute described in section 34(d) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(d)).

(3) MANUFACTURING USA NETWORK.—The term “Manufacturing USA Network” means the network established under section 34(c) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(c)).

(4) MANUFACTURING USA PROGRAM.—The term “Manufacturing USA Program” means the program established under section 34(b)(1) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(b)(1)).

(5) MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTION.—The term “minority-serving institution” means an eligible institution described in section 371(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)).

(6) NATIONAL PROGRAM OFFICE.—The term “National Program Office” means the National Program Office established under section 34(h)(1) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(h)(1)).

(7) TRADITIONAL MANUFACTURING USA INSTITUTE.—The term “traditional Manufacturing USA institute” means a Manufacturing USA institute that is not an alliance Manufacturing USA institute.

(c) Authorization of appropriations for expansion of Manufacturing USA Program.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be appropriated $2,400,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2021 through 2025 for the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to carry out the Manufacturing USA Program and to expand such program to include at least 45 Manufacturing USA institutes.

(2) TRADITIONAL MANUFACTURING USA INSTITUTES.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Of the amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations in paragraph (1), $1,500,000,000 shall be available for the period described in such paragraph to support the establishment of at least 3 traditional Manufacturing USA institutes each year during that period.

(B) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.—The Director shall support the establishment of traditional Manufacturing USA institutes under subparagraph (A) through the award of financial assistance under section 34(e) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(e)).

(3) ALLIANCE MANUFACTURING USA INSTITUTES.—Of the amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations in paragraph (1), $375,000,000 shall be available for the period described in such paragraph to establish not fewer than 3 alliance Manufacturing USA institutes each year during that covered period as designated by the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology for a Federal commitment of at least 5 years.

(4) COMMERCIALIZATION, WORKFORCE TRAINING, AND SUPPLY CHAIN INVESTMENT.—Of the amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations in paragraph (1), $100,000,000 shall be available for the period described in such paragraph to support such programming for commercialization, workforce training, and supply chain activities across the Manufacturing USA Network as the Director considers appropriate.

(5) ONGOING SUPPORT FOR EXISTING MANUFACTURING USA INSTITUTES.—Of the amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations in paragraph (1), $375,000,000 shall be available for the period described in such paragraph to support Manufacturing USA institutes that were in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act, and $5,000,000 shall be available to each such Manufacturing USA institute each year for such period for ongoing operation of the institutes, including operational overhead, workforce training, and supply chain activities.

(6) MANAGEMENT OF INTERAGENCY SOLICITATIONS AND ONGOING MANAGEMENT.—Of the amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations in paragraph (1), $10,000,000 shall be available annually for the period described in such paragraph for the National Program Office to coordinate the activities of the Manufacturing USA Network and manage interagency solicitations.

(d) Coordination between Manufacturing USA Program and Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership.—The Secretary of Commerce shall coordinate the activities of the Manufacturing USA Program and the activities of Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership with each other to the degree that doing so does not diminish the effectiveness of the ongoing activities of a Manufacturing USA institute or a Center (as the term is defined in section 25(a) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k(a)), including Manufacturing USA institutes contracting with a Center (as so defined) to provide services relating to the mission of the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership, including outreach, technical assistance, workforce development, and technology transfer and adoption assistance to small and medium-sized manufacturers.

(e) Worker advisory council in Manufacturing USA Program.—

(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Commerce shall, in coordination with the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, and the Secretary of Education, establish an advisory council for the Manufacturing USA Program on the development and dissemination of techniques, policies, and investments for high-road labor practices, worker adaptation and success with technological change, and increased worker participation across the Manufacturing USA Network.

(B) MEMBERSHIP.—The council established under subparagraph (A) shall be composed of not fewer than 15 members appointed by the Secretary of Commerce, of whom—

(i) five shall be from labor organizations;

(ii) five shall be from educational institutions; and

(iii) five shall be from workforce development and nonprofit organizations, including those that focus on workforce diversity and inclusion.

(C) PERIOD OF APPOINTMENT; VACANCIES.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—Each member of the council established under subparagraph (A) shall be appointed for a term of 3 years with the ability to renew the appointment for no more than 2 terms.

(ii) VACANCIES.—Any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration of the term for which the member’s predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of that term. A member may serve after the expiration of that term until a successor has been appointed.

(D) MEETINGS.—

(i) INITIAL MEETING.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the council established under subparagraph (A) shall hold the first meeting.

(ii) ADDITIONAL MEETINGS.—After the first meeting of the council, the council shall meet upon the call of the chairperson or of the Secretary, and at least once every 180 days thereafter.

(iii) QUORUM.—A majority of the members of the council shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number of members may hold hearings.

(E) CHAIRPERSON AND VICE CHAIRPERSON.—The members of the council established under subparagraph (A) shall elect 1 member to serve as the chairperson and 1 member to serve as the vice chairperson of the council.

(2) DUTIES OF THE COUNCIL.—The council established under paragraph (1)(A) shall provide advice and recommendations to the Secretary of Commerce on matters concerning investment in and support of the manufacturing workforce relating to the following:

(A) Worker participation, including through labor organizations, in the planning and deployment of new technologies across an industry and within workplaces.

(B) Policies to help workers adapt to technological change, including training and education priorities for the Federal Government and for employer investments in workers.

(C) Assessments of impact on workers of development of new technologies and processes by the Manufacturing USA institutes.

(D) Management practices that prioritize job quality, worker protection, worker participation and power in decision making, and investment in worker career success.

(E) Policies and procedures to prioritize diversity and inclusion in the manufacturing and technology workforce by expanding access to job, career advancement, and management opportunities for underserved and underrepresented populations.

(F) Such other matters as the Secretary considers appropriate.

(3) REPORT.—

(A) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS DEFINED.—In this paragraph, the term “appropriate committees of Congress” means—

(i) the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(ii) the Committee on Education and Labor, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(B) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 180 days after the date on which the council established under paragraph (1)(A) holds its initial meeting under paragraph (1)(D)(i) and annually thereafter, the council shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing a detailed statement of the advice and recommendations of the council pursuant to paragraph (2).

(4) COMPENSATION.—

(A) PROHIBITION OF COMPENSATION.—Members of the Council may not receive additional pay, allowances, or benefits by reason of their service on the Council.

(B) TRAVEL EXPENSES.—Each member shall receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with applicable provisions under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code.

(5) FACA APPLICABILITY.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—In discharging its duties under this subsection, the council established under paragraph (1)(A) shall function solely in an advisory capacity, in accordance with the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.).

(B) EXCEPTION.—Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act shall not apply to the Council.

(f) Participation of minority-Serving institutions.—The Secretary of Commerce shall coordinate with existing and new Manufacturing USA institutes to integrate minority-serving institutions as active members of the Manufacturing USA institutes, including through the development of preference criteria for proposals to create new Manufacturing USA institutes or renew existing Manufacturing USA institutes that include meaningful participation from minority-serving institutions.

(g) Department of Commerce policies To promote domestic production of technologies developed under Manufacturing USA program.—

(1) DEFINITION OF DOMESTIC.—In this subsection, the term “domestic”, with respect to development or production means development or production by, or with respect to source means the source is, a person incorporated or formed in the United States—

(A) that is not under foreign ownership, control, or influence (FOCI) as defined in section 847 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92);

(B) whose beneficial owners, as defined in section 847 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92), are United States persons;

(C) whose management are United States citizens;

(D) whose principal place of business is in the United States; and

(E) who is not—

(i) a foreign incorporated entity that is an inverted domestic corporation or any subsidiary of such entity; or

(ii) any joint venture if more than 10 percent of the joint venture (by vote or value) is held by a foreign incorporated entity that is an inverted domestic corporation or any subsidiary of such entity.

(2) POLICIES.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Commerce shall establish policies to promote the domestic production of technologies developed by the Manufacturing USA Network.

(B) ELEMENTS.—The policies developed under paragraph (2) shall include the following:

(i) Measures to partner domestic developers of goods, services, or technologies by Manufacturing USA Network activities with domestic manufacturers and sources of financing.

(ii) Measures to develop and provide incentives to promote transfer of intellectual property and goods, services, or technologies developed by Manufacturing USA Network activities to domestic manufacturers.

(iii) Measures to assist with supplier scouting and other supply chain development, including the use of the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership to carry out such measures.

(iv) A process to review and approve or deny any transfer of intellectual property and goods, services, or technologies developed by Manufacturing USA Network activities to outside of the United States, especially to countries of concern, including the People’s Republic of China.

(v) Measures to prioritize Federal procurement of goods, services, or technologies developed by the Manufacturing USA Network activities from domestic sources, as appropriate.

(vi) Requirements that all contracts, transactions, and agreements entered into as part of participation in the Manufacturing USA Network shall include conditions where developers of technologies by activities conducted by the Manufacturing USA network who manufacture such technology outside the United States agree that they shall be required to refund to the United States an appropriate amount of funding, which shall include the amount the Federal Government has contributed and the present value of the future value lost by the United States as a result of such technology being manufactured outside the United States, under reasonable conditions and procedures determined by the Secretary in the interest of protecting taxpayers.

(C) PROCESSES FOR WAIVERS.—The policies established under this paragraph shall include processes to permit waivers, on a case by case basis, for policies that promote domestic production based on cost, availability, severity of technical and mission requirements, emergency requirements, operational needs, other legal or international treaty obligations, or other factors deemed important to the success of the Manufacturing USA Program.

(3) PROHIBITION.—

(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph, the terms “beneficial owner”, “company”, and “foreign ownership, control, or influence” have the meanings given such terms in section 847(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92).

(B) IN GENERAL.—A company of the People’s Republic of China may not participate in the Manufacturing USA Program or the Manufacturing USA Network. Any company that engages in joint research and development, technology licensing or transfer, or investment involving technologies that result from the activities of the Manufacturing USA Program or the Manufacturing USA Network with companies in the People’s Republic of China or otherwise under the foreign ownership, control or influence of the Government of China or whose beneficial owners are citizens of the People’s Republic of China may not participate in the Manufacturing USA Program or the Manufacturing USA Network.

(a) Research and development.—

(1) AWARDS.—The Secretary of Energy shall, in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology—

(A) make awards to conduct collaborative research and development with industry, labor, academic, and other partners, which may include collaboration with a Federal agency or a Federal laboratory, in order to strengthen the United States position in critical technology areas, including artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, biotechnology, photonics and optics, flexible hybrid technologies, microelectronics, superconductors, advanced battery technologies, robotics, and advanced sensors;

(B) make awards to institutions of higher education to support research, testing, demonstrations, and increased United States engagement in standards development activities; and

(C) make awards to institutions of higher education, in collaboration with labor organizations and other relevant education and training organizations, to support research and assessments of the impacts of critical technology development and deployment on jobs and skills needs.

(2) INTERAGENCY COORDINATION.—The Secretary may coordinate with the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of Labor, and the heads of such other relevant agencies in the implementation of paragraph (1)(C).

(3) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph (B), there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy $100,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2021 through 2025 to carry out this subsection.

(B) LIMITATION.—Of the amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations in subparagraph (A), not more than $50,000,000 of such amounts may be used to support laboratory research programs of the Department of Energy aligned with the critical technology areas referred to in paragraph (1)(A).

(b) Other transaction authorities for Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology for certain programs.—Paragraph (4) of section 2(b) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(b)) is amended to read as follows:

“(4) to enter into and perform such contracts, including cooperative research and development arrangements and grants and cooperative agreements or other transactions, as may be necessary in carrying out the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership under section 25 and the Manufacturing USA Program under section 34 and on such terms as the Director may deem appropriate, in furtherance of the purposes of such partnership and such program;”.

(c) Support for National Science Foundation university and industry research programs.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation $150,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025, of which—

(A) $50,000,000 shall be available each year for the Industry-University Cooperative Research Centers program of the Foundation; and

(B) $100,000,000 shall be available each year for the Engineering Research Centers program of the Foundation.

(2) MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES.—The Director of the National Science Foundation may prioritize the use of amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under paragraph (1) for awards to education, research, and commercialization activities that support domestic manufacturing in critical technology areas.

(d) Innovation and technology transfer programs.—

(1) INNOVATION CORPS.—

(A) AUTHORIZATION.—There is authorized to be appropriated for the Innovation Corps established under section 601 of the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 1862s–8), $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025, of which at least 25 percent each year shall be used for follow-on grant awards under section 601(c)(3) of such Act.

(B) ADDITIONAL COORDINATION.—Section 601(c)(3) of the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 1862s–8(c)(3)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(C) COORDINATION.—The Director of the National Science Foundation shall coordinate with Federal agencies that are required to establish SBIR and STTR programs (as those terms are defined in section 9(e) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638(e)) to facilitate further relevant Federal support for I-Corps participants.”.

(2) TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH GRANTS.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025 for the translational research grants under section 602 of the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 1862s–9).

(e) Consortium for advanced manufacturing.—

(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Director of the National Science Foundation shall establish, oversee, and support a consortium on advanced manufacturing that operates as an independent entity.

(2) ELEMENTS.—The consortium established, overseen, and supported under paragraph (1) shall be led by a nonprofit organization or an institution of higher education.

(3) FUNCTIONS.—The functions of the consortium established, overseen, and supported under paragraph (1) are the following:

(A) To include all fields of advanced manufacturing, including emerging areas and areas overlapping with other disciplines.

(B) To serve as a catalyst and enabler for, and give a voice to, the national advanced manufacturing research community in shaping the future of advanced manufacturing.

(C) To consider issues, challenges, and opportunities facing United States advanced manufacturing, and source perspectives on technology priorities, including novel and unanticipated perspectives, that can inform both the broad advanced manufacturing community and Federal programs and policies.

(D) To provide a resource for rapid response expert advice to help inform cross-cutting Federal research and development initiatives in advanced manufacturing, responses might be provided within several days for simple informational items or within several months for more complex issues.

(E) To serve as an intermediary for the executive and legislative branches of the Federal Government in soliciting the input of the broader manufacturing community.

(F) To consider innovation metrics in education and research to inform initiatives that will improve the national innovation ecosystem.

(4) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out paragraph (3), the consortium established, overseen, and supported under paragraph (1) shall—

(A) enable the advanced manufacturing community to communicate to a broad audience the myriad ways in which advances in manufacturing will create a brighter future and encourage the alignment of advanced manufacturing research with pressing national priorities and national challenges;

(B) facilitate the generation of visions for advanced manufacturing research and education and communicate them to a wide range of stakeholders in the United States;

(C) provide flexible mechanisms that allow single or multiple Federal agencies to sponsor and participate in studies of specific agency interest;

(D) respond to Federal agency requests and identify key technology challenges facing the private sector;

(E) convene experts from United States industry, academia, and labor to consider issues, challenges, and opportunities in advanced manufacturing;

(F) form focus teams to deep dive into particular technology areas;

(G) engage experts from the private sector, including industry, academia, and labor, with the support of and participation from Federal agency leadership; and

(H) provide input to the Federal Government and engage with advisory committees and groups consistent with law and regulations, as appropriate for a body that is not chartered under the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.).

(5) INDEPENDENT OPERATIONS.—The Director shall allow the consortium established, overseen, and supported under paragraph (1) to operate independently and shall not require any advance review by the Foundation of any findings, recommendations, or other work products of the consortium.

(6) NONAPPLICABILITY OF FACA.—The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the consortium established, overseen, and supported under paragraph (1).

(7) REPORTS.—The consortium shall issue at least four reports each year.

(8) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection, $10,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.

(a) Findings.—Congress makes the following findings:

(1) United States leadership in quantum computing is vital for science, society, the economy, and national security.

(2) It is in the national interest for the Federal Government to foster continued growth of the United States quantum computing innovation ecosystem.

(3) Federal Government investment in the efforts of institutions of higher education and industry to research, develop, demonstrate, and produce critical technologies and to establish successful domestic companies is essential to national and economic security and to the global leadership of the United States.

(b) Quantum user expansion for science and technology.—

(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy, acting through the Director of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy and in consultation with appropriate officials from other government organizations, shall establish a competitive, merit-based program to provide researchers access to quantum computing resources via the cloud so as—

(A) to enhance the United States quantum research enterprise;

(B) to stimulate the United States quantum computing industry;

(C) to educate the future quantum computing workforce;

(D) to accelerate advancement of quantum computer capabilities; and

(E) to develop requirements, applications, and algorithms to determine and exploit the utility of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers (NISQ) and state of the art quantum computers.

(2) DESIGNATION.—The program established under paragraph (1) shall be referred to as the “Quantum User Expansion for Science and Technology” (in this subsection referred to as the “Program”).

(3) ADMINISTRATION OF PROGRAM.—

(A) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary shall administer the Program in consultation with private sector stakeholders, the user community, and interagency partners, including the National Science Foundation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Department of Defense.

(B) ACTIVITIES.—The Program shall include and focus on soliciting, considering, selecting, and funding applications primarily from United States-based researchers for access to and use of cloud-based quantum computing resources.

(C) APPLICATIONS.—Applications for funding under subparagraph (B) shall be assessed on the basis of the following:

(i) Scientific merit.

(ii) Societal, economic, or security impact.

(iii) The need to access quantum computing resources.

(4) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the status of the Program.

(5) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the Program $100,000,000 in fiscal year 2021.

(c) Quantum Economic Development Consortium.—

(1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the National Institute of Standards and Technology $100,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2021 through 2025 for—

(A) the Quantum Economic Development Consortium established under section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8831); and

(B) awards based on recommendations of the Quantum Economic Development Consortium that enable and grow a robust United States quantum industry and supply chain to maintain United States leadership in the field of quantum computing.

(2) WAIVER.—Section 201(c) of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8831(c)) shall not apply to use of amounts appropriated pursuant to subparagraph (A).

(d) Department of Defense investment in quantum computing.—

(1) HIGH-RISK, HIGH-PAYOFF APPROACH.—The Secretary of Defense shall—

(A) award at least 2 grants to industry-led teams, which may include academic and other research entities, with the goal of building fully error-corrected, fault-tolerant quantum computers before the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act;

(B) establish cost-sharing criteria for each such award; and

(C) develop milestones and exit criteria for each such award to measure progress, including by requiring applicants to propose tangible milestones to achieving the goal of building fully error-corrected, fault-tolerant quantum computers as close to the 5-year goal timeframe as possible.

(2) SUSTAINING THE QUANTUM COMPUTING INDUSTRY.—To make steady progress in the field of quantum computing, the Secretary of Defense shall provide stable funding on a competitive basis during the 10-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act—

(A) for the development of requirements, applications, and algorithms to determine and exploit the utility of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers that are available as of the day before the date of the enactment of this Act; and

(B) for access to intermediate-scale quantum computers for government, academic, and commercial researchers and developers.

(3) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act and not less frequently than once each year thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the President and Congress a report on the progress of the activities required under this section and alterations of previous plans for the future.

(4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $1,500,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2021 through 2031.

(a) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that—

(1) there is a need for a National Artificial Research and Development Intelligence Initiative, including a comprehensive strategy for and coordination across agencies on research and development on artificial intelligence;

(2) there are currently several interagency committees working on related tasks with respect to artificial intelligence;

(3) the reporting structure of such committees could be simplified to address efficiently the goals of the Initiative; and

(4) it is useful to accelerate in the United States, research on artificial intelligence that increases innovation while also promoting privacy and accountability.

(b) Definitions.—

(1) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.—The term “artificial intelligence” includes the following:

(A) An artificial system that performs tasks under varying and unpredictable circumstances without significant human oversight, or that can learn from experience and improve performance when exposed to data sets.

(B) An artificial system developed in computer software, physical hardware, or other context that solves tasks requiring human-like perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or physical action.

(C) An artificial system designed to think or act like a human, including cognitive architectures and neural networks.

(D) A set of techniques, including machine learning, that is designed to approximate a cognitive task.

(E) An artificial system designed to act rationally, including an intelligent software agent or embodied robot that achieves goals using perception, planning, reasoning, learning, communicating, decision making, and acting.

(2) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INDUSTRY.—The term “artificial intelligence industry” means entities in industries relevant to artificial intelligence.

(3) EMERGING RESEARCH INSTITUTION.—The term “emerging research institution” means an institution of higher education that—

(A) receives less than $20,000,000 in Federal research funding annually; and

(B) may grant a doctoral degree.

(4) INITIATIVE.—The term “Initiative” means the National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Initiative established pursuant to subsection (c).

(5) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given that term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).

(6) K–12 EDUCATION.—The term “K–12 education” means elementary school and secondary education, as such terms are defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).

(7) MACHINE LEARNING.—The term “machine learning” means a subfield of artificial intelligence that is characterized by giving computers the autonomous ability to progressively optimize performance of a specific task based on data without being explicitly programmed.

(8) MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTION.—The term “minority-serving institution” means any of the following:

(A) A Hispanic-serving institution (as defined in section 502(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a(a))).

(B) A Tribal College or University (as defined in section 316(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c(b))).

(C) An Alaska Native-serving institution (as defined in section 317(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059d(b))).

(D) A Native Hawaiian-serving institution (as defined in section 317(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059d(b))).

(E) A Predominantly Black Institution (as defined in section 318(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059e(b))).

(F) A Native American-serving nontribal institution (as defined in section 319(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059f(b))).

(G) An Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institution (as defined in section 320(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059g(b))).

(c) National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Initiative.—The President shall establish and implement an initiative with respect to artificial intelligence to be known as the “National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Initiative”. In carrying out the Initiative, the President shall, acting through appropriate Federal entities, including the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program—

(1) establish objectives, priorities, and metrics for strategic plans under subsection (e)(4) to accelerate development of science and technology applications for artificial intelligence in the United States;

(2) invest in research, development, demonstration, application to analysis and modeling, and other activities with respect to science and technology in artificial intelligence;

(3) support the development of a workforce pipeline for science and technology with respect to artificial intelligence by making strategic investments to—

(A) expand the number of researchers, educators, and students with training in science and technology in artificial intelligence;

(B) increase the number of skilled and trained workers from underrepresented communities who can contribute to the development of artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence technology, diversify the artificial intelligence workforce, and expand the artificial intelligence workforce pipeline;

(C) promote the development and inclusion of multidisciplinary curricula and research opportunities for science and engineering with respect to artificial intelligence, including advanced technological education, during the primary, secondary, undergraduate, graduate, postdoctoral, adult learning, and career retraining stages of education; and

(D) equip workers with the knowledge and skill sets required to operate effectively in occupations and workplaces that will be increasingly influenced by artificial intelligence;

(4) facilitate coordination of efforts and collaboration with respect to research and development of artificial intelligence among government agencies, Federal and national laboratories, nonprofit organizations, institutions of higher education, and industry;

(5) leverage existing Federal research investments, and partner with industry and institutions of higher education to leverage knowledge and resources, to advance objectives and priorities of the Initiative;

(6) strengthen research, development, demonstration, and applications in science and technology with respect to artificial intelligence by—

(A) addressing gaps in basic research knowledge with respect to artificial intelligence through research;

(B) promoting the further development of facilities and centers available for research, testing, and education in science and technology with respect to artificial intelligence;

(C) stimulating research on, and promoting more rapid development and commercialization of, artificial intelligence-based technologies;

(D) promoting research into the effects of artificial intelligence and applications of artificial intelligence on society, the workforce and workplace, and individuals, including those from underrepresented communities;

(E) promoting data and model sharing among the Federal government, academic researchers, the private sector, and other practitioners of artificial intelligence;

(F) identifying and minimizing inappropriate bias in data sets, algorithms, and other aspects of artificial intelligence; and

(G) supporting efforts to create metrics to assess safety, security, and reliability of applications of science and technology with respect to artificial intelligence; and

(7) ensure that research, development, demonstration, and applications efforts with respect to artificial intelligence create measurable benefits for all individuals in the United States, including members of disadvantaged and underrepresented groups.

(d) National Artificial Intelligence Coordination Office.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall, in consultation with the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Secretary of Energy, and the Secretary of Commerce, the Attorney General, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, establish or designate, and appoint a director of, an office to be known as the “National Artificial Intelligence Coordination Office” (in this subsection referred to as the “Office”).

(2) DUTIES.—The Office shall—

(A) serve as the point of contact on Federal artificial intelligence activities for government organizations, academia, industry, professional societies, State artificial intelligence programs, interested citizen groups, and others to exchange technical and programmatic information;

(B) conduct public outreach, including dissemination of findings and recommendations of the National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee established under subsection (f), as appropriate; and

(C) promote access to and development of early applications of the technologies, innovations, and expertise that benefit the public derived from Initiative activities to agency missions and systems across the Federal Government, and to United States industry, including startup companies.

(3) FUNDING.—The funding of the Office shall be derived from amounts available to the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, the Department of Commerce, and such other departments or agencies of the Federal Government as the President considers appropriate.

(4) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on funding for the Office. The report shall include—

(A) the amount of funding required to adequately fund the Office;

(B) the adequacy of existing mechanisms to fund the Office; and

(C) the actions taken to ensure stable funding for the Office.

(e) Interagency Committee on Artificial Intelligence.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall establish or designate an interagency committee to be known as the “Interagency Committee on Artificial Intelligence” (in this subsection referred to as the “Interagency Committee”).

(2) MEMBERSHIP.—

(A) COMPOSITION.—The Interagency Committee shall be composed of representatives from the following, as detailed to the Interagency Committee by the head of the agency concerned:

(i) The National Institute of Standards and Technology.

(ii) The National Science Foundation.

(iii) The Department of Energy.

(iv) The Department of Justice.

(v) The Federal Trade Commission.

(vi) The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection.

(vii) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

(viii) The Department of Defense.

(ix) The Office of the Director of National Intelligence.

(x) The Office of Management and Budget.

(xi) The Office of Science and Technology Policy.

(xii) The National Institutes of Health.

(xiii) Any other Federal agency the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy considers appropriate.

(B) CO-CHAIRS.—The Interagency Committee shall be co-chaired by the following:

(i) The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.

(ii) The Secretary of Energy.

(iii) The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

(iv) The Director of the National Science Foundation.

(3) DUTIES.—The Interagency Committee shall—

(A) coordinate and make recommendations for activities and programs of Federal agencies on research and education with respect to artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence technology;

(B) establish objectives and priorities for the Initiative, consistent with the objectives and purposes specified in subsection (c), based on identified knowledge and workforce gaps and other national needs;

(C) assess and recommend Federal infrastructure needs to support the Initiative; and

(D) evaluate opportunities for international cooperation with strategic allies on research and development with respect to artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence technology.

(4) STRATEGIC PLANS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Interagency Committee shall develop a 5-year strategic plan, and not later than 6 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Interagency Committee shall develop an additional 5-year strategic plan, with respect to the activities of the Initiative, including activities and mechanisms to meet Initiative goals and priorities, and to anticipate outcomes at participating agencies.

(B) UPDATES.—The Interagency Committee may from time to time update any strategic plan under subparagraph (A), as the Interagency Committee considers appropriate.

(C) CONSIDERATIONS.—In carrying out this paragraph, the Interagency Committee shall take into account reports and recommendations of the National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee under subsection (f).

(f) National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National Science Foundation shall, in coordination with the Attorney General, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, establish or designate an advisory committee to be known as the “National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee” (in this subsection referred to as the “Advisory Committee”).

(2) MEMBERSHIP.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Members of the Advisory Committees shall be appointed by the Director of the National Science Foundation, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and after public input, from among individuals who are qualified to provide advice and information on research, development, demonstrations, education, infrastructure, technology transfer, commercial applications, and concerns of a national security, social, or economic nature with respect to artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence technology. In making such appointments, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall seek to appoint individuals who, collectively, have expertise on a wide range of defense and non-defense artificial intelligence matters.

(B) LIMITATION.—Not more than half of the members of the Advisory Committee may be representatives of the artificial intelligence industry.

(3) DUTIES.—The Advisory Committee shall advise the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Interagency Committee on Artificial Intelligence under subsection (e) on matters relating to the Initiative. Such advice shall be based on periodic assessments by the Advisory Committee of the following:

(A) Trends and developments in artificial intelligence, including current and near-future states of artificial intelligence systems and forecasting.

(B) Progress made in implementing the Initiative.

(C) The need to revise the Initiative.

(D) Balance among the components of the Initiative, including funding levels for component areas of the Initiative.

(E) Whether the component areas, priorities, and technical goals of the Initiative are helping the United States maintain leadership in artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence technology that also maintains privacy and accountability.

(F) Management, coordination, implementation, and activities of the Initiative.

(G) Whether societal, ethical, legal, environmental, and workforce concerns with respect to artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence technology are adequately addressed by the Initiative.

(4) REPORTS.—Not later than 4 years after the date of the most recent assessment under paragraph (3), and quadrennially thereafter, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on the following:

(A) The most recent assessment of the Advisory Committee under paragraph (3).

(B) Any current recommendations of the Advisory Committee regarding improvements to the Initiative.

(5) TRAVEL EXPENSES OF NON-FEDERAL MEMBERS.—Any member of the Advisory Committee who is not an officer or employee of the Federal Government, while attending meetings of the Advisory Committee or while otherwise serving at the request of the head of the Advisory Committee away from their homes or regular places of business, may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5, United States Code, for individuals in the government serving without pay. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prohibit members of the Advisory Committee who are officers or employees of the United States from being allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with existing law.

(6) TERMINATION.—The Advisory Committee shall terminate on December 31, 2025.

(g) Study on artificial intelligence workforce.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the National Artificial Intelligence Coordination Office under subsection (d) shall seek to enter into a contract with a federally funded research and development center or nongovernment research organization for a study on the mechanisms that produce or contribute to the workforce in artificial intelligence (including researchers and specialists in artificial intelligence and users of artificial intelligence) in order to identify and develop actions to ensure an appropriate increase in the size, quality, and diversity of the workforce.

(2) COLLABORATION IN STUDY.—The contract referred to in paragraph (1) shall require the federally funded research and development center entering into the contract to do the following:

(A) Collaborate with the Secretary of Commerce, the Commissioner of Labor Statistics, and the Director of the Census in developing a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the workforce needs of and employment opportunities in the artificial intelligence field, by State and by region.

(B) Collaborate in carrying out the study with educational institutions, State and local workforce development boards, nonprofit organizations, labor organizations, apprenticeship programs, industry, and other entities in the artificial intelligence field.

(C) Collaborate with minority-serving institutions in order to facilitate the sharing of best practices and approaches for increasing and retaining underrepresented populations in the artificial intelligence field.

(D) Facilitate the sharing of best practices and approaches for the development and sustainment of the workforce in artificial intelligence that are identified or developed through the study among—

(i) entities in the artificial intelligence field, State and local workforce development boards, nonprofit organizations, labor organizations, and apprenticeship programs that provide training programs for employment in the artificial intelligence field; and

(ii) educational institutions that seek to establish such training programs.

(3) DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ANNUAL REPORT ON JOB CREATION.—Each year while the contract referred to in paragraph (1) is in force, the Secretary of Labor shall, using information derived from the study described in that paragraph and other appropriate information, issue to the public a report on job creation in the artificial intelligence field during the preceding year.

(h) National Institute of Standards and Technology activities on artificial intelligence.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the Initiative, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall—

(A) support the development of measurements and standards necessary to advance commercial and governmental development of artificial intelligence applications, including by—

(i) developing measurements and standards;

(ii) supporting efforts to develop measurements and consensus standards by standards development organizations; and

(iii) modernizing the mechanisms used for benchmarking artificial intelligence technologies;

(B) establish and support collaborative ventures or consortia with public or private sector entities, including institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, and the artificial intelligence industry, for the purpose of advancing fundamental and applied research and development on artificial intelligence; and

(C) modernize the mechanisms used for benchmarking artificial intelligence technologies.

(2) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OUTREACH.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall conduct outreach—

(i) to receive input from stakeholders on the development of a plan to address future measurements and standards related to artificial intelligence; and

(ii) to provide an opportunity for public comment on any such measurements or standards.

(B) MEETINGS.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and a periodic basis thereafter as the Director considers appropriate, the Director shall convene 1 or more meetings of stakeholders, including technical expert representatives from government organizations, the artificial intelligence industry, and institutions of higher education, to discuss topics described in clause (ii).

(ii) TOPICS.—Meetings under clause (i) may cover topics that the Director considers important to the development of standards and measurements with respect to artificial intelligence, including—

(I) cybersecurity;

(II) algorithm accountability;

(III) algorithm explainability;

(IV) algorithm trustworthiness;

(V) a common lexicon for artificial intelligence; and

(VI) resources and methods for benchmarking artificial intelligence technologies.

(iii) PURPOSES.—The purposes of meetings under this subparagraph shall be—

(I) to assess contemporary research on the topics identified by the Director for purposes of clause (ii);

(II) to evaluate research gaps relating to such topics;

(III) to provide an opportunity for stakeholders to provide recommendations on the research to be addressed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Initiative; and

(IV) to coordinate engagement with international standards bodies in order to ensure United States leadership in the development of global technical standards, including with respect to artificial intelligence and cybersecurity.

(3) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report summarizing the results of outreach and meetings conducted under this subsection.

(4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026, $80,000,000 to carry out this subsection.

(i) Research and education program on artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence engineering.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the Initiative, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall establish and implement a research and education program on artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence engineering.

(2) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—In carrying out the program required by paragraph (1), the Director shall—

(A) continue to support interdisciplinary research on, and human resources development in, all aspects of science and engineering with respect to artificial intelligence, including—

(i) algorithm accountability;

(ii) minimization of inappropriate bias in training data sets or algorithmic feature selection;

(iii) qualitative and quantitative forecasting of future capabilities and applications; and

(iv) societal and ethical implications of artificial intelligence;

(B) use existing authorities and programs and collaborate with other Federal agencies—

(i) to improve teaching and learning in science and engineering with respect to artificial intelligence during the primary, secondary, undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate, adult learning, and career retraining stages of education;

(ii) to increase participation in artificial intelligence fields, including by individuals identified in sections 33 and 34 of the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 1885a, 1885b);

(iii) to formulate goals for education activities in engineering and research with respect to artificial intelligence to be supported by the National Science Foundation related to topics important to the Initiative, including—

(I) algorithm accountability;

(II) algorithm explainability;

(III) algorithm trustworthiness;

(IV) algorithmic forecasting;

(V) consumer data privacy;

(VI) assessment and minimization of inappropriate bias in training data and output; and

(VII) societal and ethical implications of the use of artificial intelligence;

(iv) to engage with institutions of higher education, research communities, potential users of information produced under this subsection, entities in the private sector, and non-Federal entities—

(I) to leverage the collective body of knowledge from existing research and education activities with respect to artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence engineering; and

(II) to support partnerships among institutions of higher education and industry that facilitate collaborative research, personnel exchanges, and workforce development with respect to artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence engineering;

(v) to coordinate research efforts with respect to artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence engineering funded through existing programs across the directorates of the National Science Foundation;

(vi) to ensure adequate access to research and education infrastructure with respect to artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence engineering, including through development of hardware and facilitation of the use of computing resources, including cloud-based computing services; and

(vii) to increase participation rates in research and education on artificial intelligence among underrepresented communities by engaging with minority-serving institutions.

(3) GRADUATE TRAINEESHIPS.—In carrying out the program required by paragraph (1), the Director may provide traineeships to graduate students at institutions of higher education who—

(A) are United States nationals or aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States; and

(B) choose to pursue masters or doctoral degrees in artificial intelligence or artificial intelligence engineering.

(j) Multidisciplinary Centers for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National Science Foundation, in consultation with the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies, shall award grants to eligible entities to establish up to 10 research and education centers (each referred to in this subsection as a “Center”) to conduct research and education activities in support of the Initiative. Each Center established pursuant to such a grant shall be known as a “Multidisciplinary Center for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education”.

(2) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—For purposes of this subsection, an eligible entity is any entity as follows:

(A) An institution of higher education.

(B) A relevant nonprofit organization.

(C) A consortium of entities that consists of—

(i) two or more entities specified in subparagraphs (A) through (C); or

(ii) at least one entity specified in such paragraphs and a relevant private sector organization that is not a nonprofit organization.

(3) MINIMUM NUMBER OF GRANTS FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES.—

(A) K–12 EDUCATION.—Not less than 1 grant under this subsection shall be for a Center with the primary purpose of conducting research on how best to integrate artificial intelligence into K–12 education.

(B) MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTION.—Not less than 1 grant under this subsection shall be for a Center located at a minority-serving institution.

(4) APPLICATION.—An eligible entity seeking a grant under this subsection shall submit an application to the Director at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director may require. The application shall include—

(A) a plan for the proposed Center—

(i) to work with other research institutions, emerging research institutions, and the artificial intelligence industry to leverage expertise in artificial intelligence, education and curricula development, and technology transfer;

(ii) to promote active collaboration among researchers in multiple disciplines and across multiple institutions involved in artificial intelligence research including physics, engineering, mathematical sciences, computer and information science, biological and cognitive sciences, material science, education, and social and behavioral sciences (such as industrial-organizational psychology);

(iii) to integrate into the activities of such Center consideration of the ethics of development, technology usage, and data collection, storage, and sharing (including training data sets) in connection with artificial intelligence;

(iv) to support long-term and short-term workforce development in artificial intelligence, including broadening participation of underrepresented communities; and

(v) to support an innovation ecosystem to work with industry to translate research of such Center into applications and products; and

(B) a description of the anticipated long-term impact of such Center beyond the termination of support under this subsection.

(5) SELECTION AND DURATION.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—A Center established using a grant under this subsection may receive funding under this subsection for a period of 5 years.

(B) EXTENSION.—Such a Center may apply for, and the Director may grant, an extension of a grant under this subsection for an additional 5-year period.

(C) TERMINATION.—The Director may terminate for cause funding under this subsection for a Center that underperforms.

(6) FUNDING.—The amount provided during each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026 for a Center established pursuant to this subsection through a grant under this subsection shall be $40,000,000.

(k) Research and development program on artificial intelligence.—

(1) PROGRAM REQUIRED.—As a part of the Initiative, the Secretary of Energy shall carry out a research and development program on artificial intelligence.

(2) COMPONENTS.—In carrying out the program required by paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—

(A) formulate objectives for research on artificial intelligence to be supported by the Department of Energy that are consistent with the Initiative;

(B) leverage the collective body of knowledge from existing research on artificial intelligence;

(C) coordinate research efforts on artificial intelligence that are funded through existing programs across the Department;

(D) engage with other Federal agencies, research communities, and potential users of information produced under this subsection;

(E) build, maintain, and, to the extent practicable, make available for use by academic, government, and private sector researchers the computing hardware and software necessary to carry out the program; and

(F) establish and maintain on an internet website of the Department available to the public a resource center that—

(i) provides current information and resources on training programs for employment in artificial intelligence; and

(ii) otherwise serves as a resource for educational institutions, State and local workforce development boards, nonprofit organizations, and apprenticeship programs seeking to develop and implement training programs for employment in artificial intelligence.

(3) RESEARCH CENTERS.—

(A) GRANTS.—In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary may award grants to eligible entities to establish and operate up to 10 artificial intelligence research centers (each referred to in this paragraph as a “Center”) for the purposes described in subparagraph (C).

(B) SELECTION.—

(i) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—For purposes of this paragraph, an eligible entity is any entity as follows:

(I) An institution of higher education.

(II) A relevant nonprofit organization.

(III) A State or local government.

(IV) A National Laboratory or a federally funded research and development center.

(V) A consortium of entities that consists of—

(aa) two or more entities specified in subclauses (I) through (IV); or

(bb) at least one entity specified in such subclauses and a relevant private sector organization that is not a nonprofit organization.

(ii) COMPETITIVE AWARD.—Except as provided in clause (iii), grants under this paragraph shall be awarded through a competitive, merit-reviewed process.

(iii) NATIONAL SECURITY LABORATORY.—At least 1 grant under this paragraph shall be awarded to a national security laboratory of the National Nuclear Security Administration.

(C) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the Centers established under this paragraph are—

(i) to serve the needs of the Department and such academic, educational, and private sector entities as the Secretary considers appropriate;

(ii) to advance research and education in artificial intelligence and facilitate improvement in the competitiveness of the United States;

(iii) to provide access to computing resources to promote scientific progress and enable users from institutions of higher education, other educational institutions, the National Laboratories, and the artificial intelligence industry—

(I) to make scientific discoveries relevant to research in artificial intelligence;

(II) to conduct research to accelerate scientific breakthroughs in science and technology with respect to artificial intelligence;

(III) to support research conducted under this paragraph; and

(IV) to increase the distribution of research infrastructure and broaden the spectrum of students exposed to research in artificial intelligence at institutions of higher education (including emerging research institutions); and

(iv) to ensure that artificial intelligence techniques and their applications serve the social and national interest, especially with regards to maintaining privacy and accountability.

(D) COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall ensure the coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activities of each Center under this paragraph with the activities of—

(i) other research entities of the Department, including the Nanoscale Science Research Centers, the Energy Frontier Research Centers, and the Energy Innovation Hubs; and

(ii) the artificial intelligence industry.

(E) DURATION.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—Any Center selected and established pursuant to this paragraph is authorized to carry out activities for a period of 5 years.

(ii) EXTENSION.—Such a Center may apply for, and the Director may grant, an extension of a grant under this paragraph for an additional 5-year period.

(iii) TERMINATION.—Consistent with existing authorities of the Department, the Secretary may terminate for cause a Center that underperforms during the performance period.

(F) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026 for the Department of Energy, such sums as may be necessary such that $40,000,000 is available for each Center established pursuant to this paragraph during such fiscal year.

(a) Manufacturing Regions Revival Program.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Economic Development, shall establish a program to be known as the “Manufacturing Regions Revival Program” (in this subsection referred to as the “Program”) to strengthen the capacity of the United States for manufacturing critical technologies and critical supplies through comprehensive investment in the buildout of regional industrial commons.

(2) PARTNERSHIP TO SUPPORT MANUFACTURING CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES.—The Program shall include a cross-Federal Government partnership with regions to expand manufacturing of critical technologies using long-term planning, capacity building, and investments in infrastructure, including site development, collaborative research, development, demonstration, and commercialization workforce training and technical education, capital access, supply chain development, and export services.

(3) DESIGNATION AND SUPPORT OF REGIONAL CONSORTIUMS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the Program, the Secretary shall designate at least 50 regional consortiums through a competitive process and provide support to such consortiums to enable activities described in paragraph (2) focused on critical technologies as part of implementing inclusive, integrated, and sustainable regional economic development plans.

(B) PERIOD.—Each designation under subparagraph (A) shall be for 5 years with a process for consideration of renewal of up to 5 more years.

(C) REQUIREMENTS.—Each consortium designated under subparagraph (A) shall—

(i) coordinate with the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership; and

(ii) prioritize economic development activities that—

(I) support the scaling of domestic production of federally funded and non-federally funded research and development of critical technologies, including support for startups, small and midsized businesses, and businesses owned by socially and economically disadvantaged, formerly incarcerated individuals, women, veterans, and other underserved populations;

(II) support improvement in the security and resiliency of supply chains related to critical technologies and supplies critical to the crisis preparedness of the United States, such as medical supplies, personal protective equipment, disaster response necessities, electrical generation technology, materials essential to infrastructure repair and renovation, and other supplies, through activities including the reshoring of manufacturing operations and the adoption of technologies to improve domestic manufacturing competitiveness;

(III) enhance opportunities for entrepreneurship and jobs with family-sustaining wages and benefits, including a focus on such opportunities for socially and economically disadvantaged individuals, formerly incarcerated individuals, women, veterans, and distressed communities; and

(IV) support investment in dislocated and incumbent workers leading to jobs with family sustaining wages and benefits and high-road labor practices, including coordination with labor organizations on strategies and initiatives to help workers adapt to and benefit from technological change and to ensure job quality as part of any outcomes from the activities.

(4) ELIGIBLE CONSORTIA.—To be eligible for designation as a regional consortium under paragraph (3)(A), a consortium—

(A) shall include—

(i) 1 or more institutions of higher education;

(ii) a local or Tribal government or other political subdivision of a State;

(iii) a representative appointed by the Governor of the State or States that is representative of the consortium’s geographic coverage;

(iv) an economic development organization or similar entity that is focused primarily on improving science, technology, innovation, and manufacturing; and

(v) a labor organization; and

(B) may include—

(i) a nonprofit economic development entity with relevant expertise, including a district organization (as defined in section 300.3 of title 13, Code of Federal Regulations, or successor regulation);

(ii) a venture development organization;

(iii) a financial institution and investor funds;

(iv) a primary or secondary educational institution, including a career or technical education school;

(v) a workforce training organization, including a State workforce development board as established under section 101 of the Workforce Investment and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3111) and a community-based organization that focuses on support for underserved and underrepresented populations;

(vi) an industry association;

(vii) a firm in a critical technology or critical supply area;

(viii) a national laboratory or a Federal laboratory;

(ix) a Center (as defined in section 25(a) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k(a)); and

(x) a Manufacturing USA institute (as described in section 34(d) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(d))).

(5) COORDINATION WITH MANUFACTURING USA INSTITUTES.—The Secretary shall coordinate the activities of consortia designated under paragraph (3) and the activities of the Manufacturing USA Program and the Manufacturing USA institutes, if applicable.

(6) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—A consortium receiving support under paragraph (3) shall provide non-Federal matching funds equal to not less than 25 percent of the amount of the support received under such paragraph.

(B) IN-KIND SUPPORT.—Matching funds may include in-kind support.

(7) GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—In conducting the competitive process under paragraph (3), the Secretary shall ensure geographic distribution in the designation of regional consortiums—

(i) aiming to designate regional consortia in as many regions of the United States as possible;

(ii) focusing on regions that have clear potential and relevant assets for developing a critical technology but have not yet become leading technology centers; and

(iii) developing priority scoring criteria for making awards that give extra points to consortiums that propose meaningful collaboration with distressed or deindustrialized areas within the identified region, including rural areas within the identified region.

(B) SPANNING STATES.—A regional consortium designated under paragraph (3) may include multiple States.

(8) INTERAGENCY COLLABORATION.—In carrying out the Program, the Secretary—

(A) shall collaborate with Federal departments and agencies whose missions contribute to the goals of consortia designated under paragraph (3);

(B) may accept funds from other Federal agencies to support grants and activities under this subsection; and

(C) may coordinate with other Federal departments or agencies to conduct outreach and provide technical assistance to consortia designated under paragraph (3) to consider application for other relevant financial assistance available across the Federal Government.

(9) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $550,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.

(b) Authorization of appropriations for Defense Manufacturing Communities Program.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to strengthen the national security innovation base in critical technologies, there are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the Defense Manufacturing Community Support Program under section 846 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 2501 note) amounts as follows:

(A) $26,750,000 for fiscal year 2021.

(B) $28,623,000 for fiscal year 2022.

(C) $30,627,000 for fiscal year 2023.

(D) $32,771,000 for fiscal year 2024.

(E) $35,065,000 for fiscal year 2025.

(2) SUPPLEMENT, NOT SUPPLANT.—The amounts authorized to be appropriated under paragraphs (1) shall supplement and not supplant amounts already appropriated for the purposes described in such paragraph.

(a) Findings.—Congress makes the following findings:

(1) The COVID–19 public health crisis has exposed key dependencies and reliance on foreign suppliers for critical goods and inputs in the medical supply chain.

(2) The United States faces gaps in domestic supply chain resilience in critical technologies, such as microelectronics, that are a threat to national and economic security.

(3) The Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership plays an important role in helping domestic small- and medium-sized manufacturers be more globally competitive and strengthen domestic supply chains.

(4) Despite this role, the United States underinvests in the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership relative to historic Federal funding levels for the program and compared to investments in similar manufacturing extension centers by competitors of the United States.

(5) To respond to reliance on foreign suppliers that make the United States vulnerable in emergencies and that threatens national security, a major Federal commitment to the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership and related manufacturing intermediary services is required.

(b) Requirements relating to hollings manufacturing extension partnership.—The Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership, shall—

(1) expand services to align the entire Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership that provides industry-wide support that assists United States manufacturers with reshoring manufacturing to strengthen the resiliency of domestic supply chains, including in critical technology areas and foundational manufacturing capabilities that are key to domestic manufacturing competitiveness and resiliency, including forming, casting, machining, joining, surface treatment, and tooling;

(2) in coordination with the Industrial Technology Assistance program of the Department of Energy, assist manufacturers with energy efficiency or carbon reduction improvements;

(3) assist manufacturers with improvements to cybersecurity and technology adoption, including the use of artificial intelligence, robotics, 3D printing, cloud computing, and other digital technologies to improve competitiveness;

(4) support programming at the Centers under section 25 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k) to provide coordinating services on workforce training, including connecting manufacturers with career and technical education entities, institutions of higher education (including community colleges), labor organizations, and job training providers to develop training to upskill incumbent workers and to provide training and job placement services to new workers;

(5) expand advanced manufacturing technology services to small- and medium-sized manufacturers pursuant to section 25A of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k–1), including services for the adoption of smart manufacturing technologies and practices and technologies developed by Manufacturing USA institutes (as described in section 34(d) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(d))); and

(6) build capabilities across the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership for reshoring supply chains in critical technologies and supplies and key manufacturing processes, including expanded capacity for researching and deploying information on supply chain risk, hidden costs of reliance on offshore suppliers, redesigning products and processes to encourage reshoring, and other relevant topics.

(c) Waiver of Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership cost-Share requirements for States.—During fiscal year 2021 and 2022, subsections (e)(2) and (f)(3) of section 25 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k) shall not apply to a Center (as defined in subsection (a) of such section) that is operated by a State and no Federal cost-share requirements shall apply to any funds appropriated pursuant to the authorizations of appropriations in paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (e).

(d) Authorization of appropriations.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out subsection (b) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2021 and for each fiscal year thereafter.

(2) DEPLOYMENT OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES.—Of the amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization in paragraph (1), $50,000,000 shall be available in each fiscal year to carry out subsection (b)(4).

(3) SUPPLY CHAIN RESEARCH CAPABILITIES.—Of the amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization in paragraph (1), $10,000,000 shall be available each fiscal year to carry out subsection (b)(6).

(a) Study required.—Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall seek to enter into an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (referred to in this section as the “National Academies”) under which the National Academies will conduct a study on—

(1) tools and processes for the Federal Government to collect comprehensive data on supply chains across sectors for use in strengthening the resiliency of domestic supply chains, including recommendations for maintaining confidentiality of responses from companies, protections of proprietary information, and ways of collecting such data that would not be burdensome for respondents to ensure wide industry participation;

(2) ways in which such data should be updated on a regular basis and accessible for research and evaluation purposes for the Federal Government;

(3) the development of policies and procedures for the Federal Government to use data on supply chains for activities to strengthen the resiliency of domestic supply chains, including the use of data—

(A) to identify and respond to shortages in materials or services caused by natural disasters and other emergencies;

(B) to provide early warning of vulnerabilities in supply chains;

(C) to facilitate the growth of new industries by identifying firms whose capabilities could contribute to the supply chains of these new industries;

(D) to research effective ways of selecting and managing suppliers, including methods of evaluating a supplier’s total cost of ownership or total value contribution;

(E) to coordinate domestic supply chains for the purposes of achieving Buy America and Buy American Federal requirements and domestic manufacturing requirements for federally funded intellectual property included in the chapter 18 of title 35, United States Code (commonly known as the “Bayh-Dole Act”), and Stevenson-Wydler Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.); and

(F) to reshore companies critical to domestic supply chain resiliency in critical materials and technologies;

(4) recommendations on types of data useful to Federal Government policies and procedures for strengthening the resiliency of domestic supply chains; and

(5) models for establishing and maintaining networks critical to resilient domestic supply chains to ensure the collection and use of data that may be made up of stakeholders that may include—

(A) private firms;

(B) institutions of higher education;

(C) labor and community organizations;

(D) trade associations;

(E) lenders and investors; and

(F) Federal, State, and local agencies.

(b) Coordination.—In carrying out the study required by subsection (a), the National Academies shall coordinate with the heads of relevant Federal agencies, including the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the Small Business Administration, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and such others as the National Academies considers necessary to carry out the study.

(c) Initial report.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the President and the appropriate congressional committees an initial report that includes—

(1) the findings of the National Academies with respect to the study conducted under subsection (a); and

(2) such recommendations as the National Academies may have for legislative or administrative action to improve the collection and use of data to strengthen the resiliency of domestic supply chains across industry sectors.

(d) Final report.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the President and the appropriate congressional committees a comprehensive report on the findings of the National Academies with respect to the study required by subsection (a).

(e) Form of reports.—The reports submitted to the appropriate congressional committees under subsections (b) and (c) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) COMPANY.—The term “company” has the meaning given such term in section 847 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92).

(2) DOMESTIC.—The term “domestic” means a company incorporated or formed in the United States—

(A) that is not under foreign ownership, control, or influence (FOCI);

(B) whose beneficial owners are United States persons;

(C) whose management are United States citizens;

(D) whose principal place of business is in the United States; and

(E) who is not—

(i) a foreign incorporated entity that is an inverted domestic corporation or any subsidiary of such entity; or

(ii) any joint venture if more than 10 percent of the joint venture (by vote or value) is held by a foreign incorporated entity that is an inverted domestic corporation or any subsidiary of such entity.

(b) Authorizations of appropriations for department of defense programs To support development and production of critical technologies.—To support the commercialization of federally funded research and development and the scaling of domestic production of critical technologies and supplies, there are authorized to be appropriated amounts as follows:

(1) NATIONAL SECURITY INNOVATION CAPITAL PROGRAM.—For the National Security Innovation Capital program under section 230 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 2358 note), including investment to scale domestic production of research and technology development of dual-use critical technologies, the following amounts:

(A) For fiscal year 2021, $15,000,000.

(B) For fiscal year 2022, $16,050,000.

(C) For fiscal year 2023, $17,174,000.

(D) For fiscal year 2024, $18,376,000.

(E) For fiscal year 2025, $19,662,000.

(2) RAPID INNOVATION PROGRAM.—To carry out the Rapid Innovation Program (RIP) under section 1073 of the Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 (Public Law 111–383; 10 U.S.C. 2359a note), the following amounts:

(A) For fiscal year 2021, $250,000,000.

(B) For fiscal year 2022, $267,500,000.

(C) For fiscal year 2023, $286,250,000.

(D) For fiscal year 2024, $306,261,000.

(E) For fiscal year 2025, $327,699,000.

(3) TITLE III OF THE DEFENSE PRODUCTION ACT.—To carry out title III of the Defense Production Act (50 U.S.C. 4531 et seq.), the following amounts:

(A) For fiscal year 2021, $100,000,000.

(B) For fiscal year 2022, $100,000,000.

(C) For fiscal year 2023, $200,000,000.

(D) For fiscal year 2024, $300,000,000.

(E) For fiscal year 2025, $300,000,000.

(4) INDUSTRIAL BASE ANALYSIS AND SUSTAINMENT.—To carry out the Industrial Base Analysis and Sustainment program under section 2508 of title 10, United States Code, the following amounts:

(A) For fiscal year 2021, $111,335,000.

(B) For fiscal year 2022, $119,128,000.

(C) For fiscal year 2023, $127,467,000.

(D) For fiscal year 2024, $136,390,000.

(E) For fiscal year 2025, $145,937,000.

(5) MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.—To carry out the Manufacturing Technology Program under subchapter IV of chapter 148 of title 10, United States Code, the following amounts:

(A) For fiscal year 2021, $140,080,000.

(B) For fiscal year 2022, $149,886,000.

(C) For fiscal year 2023, $160,378,000.

(D) For fiscal year 2024, $171,604,000.

(E) For fiscal year 2025, $183,616,000.

(c) Supplement, not supplant.—The amounts authorized to be appropriated under paragraphs (1) through (5) of subsection (b) shall supplement and not supplant amounts already appropriated for the purposes described in such paragraphs.

(d) Focus on startup, small, and mid-Sized companies.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish policies to focus funding authorized under this section to meet the needs of startup, small, and mid-sized companies in commercializing Federal research and development and scaling domestic manufacturing.

(a) Title 35, United States Code.—Section 204 of title 35, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in the first sentence, by striking “Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter,” and inserting the following:

“(a) In general.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, and subject to subsection (b),”;

(2) by striking the second sentence; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

“(b) Waivers.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—In individual cases, and consistent with the policies and procedures developed under paragraph (2), the requirement for an agreement described in subsection (a) may be waived upon a showing by the applicable small business firm, nonprofit organization, or assignee that reasonable but unsuccessful efforts have been made to grant licenses on similar terms to potential licensees that would be likely to manufacture substantially in the United States or that under the circumstances domestic manufacture is not commercially feasible.

“(2) IMPLEMENTATION.—The Secretary of Commerce shall develop policies and procedures that, to the greatest extent practicable, promote uniformity with respect to the issuance of a waiver under paragraph (1), which shall include the following:

“(A) Policies and procedures to promote transparency and clarity with respect to the issuance of those waivers, including the means by which a small business firm, nonprofit organization, or assignee described in that paragraph may make the showing required under that paragraph.

“(B) The development of a Government-wide application process through which waivers are issued under that paragraph, which shall require—

“(i) the person seeking the waiver to submit to the Federal agency under whose funding agreement the applicable subject invention was made a request for the waiver;

“(ii) the Federal agency to which a request is submitted under clause (i) to forward that request to the Secretary; and

“(iii) the Secretary, during the 120-day period beginning on the date on which the Secretary receives the request under clause (ii), to—

“(I) consult with the Federal agency forwarding the request, and any other Federal agency the Secretary determines appropriate, regarding whether the waiver should be issued; and

“(II) determine whether to issue the waiver, taking into consideration the consultation required under subclause (I).

“(C) Policies and procedures to—

“(i) collect information from the person seeking the waiver on the capabilities required of the applicable licensee to manufacture in the United States; and

“(ii) before issuing the waiver, utilize the information collected under clause (i) to, in coordination with the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership established under section 25(b) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k(b)) and other relevant Federal programs, identify domestic manufacturers that are capable and willing to manufacture in the United States the applicable product that embodies the subject invention (or that is produced through the use of the subject invention).

“(c) Reports.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to Congress a report regarding the issuance of waivers under subsection (b), which shall include—

“(1) the total number of those waivers issued during the period covered by the report, which shall include, for each such waiver, an identification of—

“(A) the nation in which the applicable product that embodies the subject invention (or that is produced through the use of the subject invention) will be substantially manufactured; and

“(B) the Federal agency under whose funding agreement the applicable subject invention was made;

“(2) the total number of requests submitted under subsection (b)(2)(B)(i) during the period covered by the report; and

“(3) during the period covered by the report, a breakdown of the number of requests that each Federal agency received under subsection (b)(2)(B)(i).”.

(b) Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 12(c)(4) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710a(c)(4)) is amended—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively;

(B) in the matter preceding clause (i), as so redesignated, by inserting “(A)” after “(4)”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(B) The Secretary shall develop policies and procedures that, to the greatest extent practicable, promote uniformity across the Federal Government with respect to the implementation of subparagraph (A).”.

(2) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 12(b)(1)(C)(iii) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710a(b)(1)(C)(iii)) is amended by striking “subsection (c)(4)(B)” and inserting “subsection (c)(4)(A)(ii)”.

(a) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall conduct a comparative assessment of the budgets and investment programs in each critical technology area supporting the National Defense Strategy of the United States and the People’s Republic of China and provide to the congressional defense committees, not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, a report on the assessment, in both classified and unclassified form as necessary.

(b) Elements.—The assessment and report required under subsection (a) shall include the following elements:

(1) A comparison of investment levels in research and relevant testing and research infrastructure, manufacturing, prototyping, and procurement by government and any relevant private sector organization.

(2) A comparative assessment of capabilities of national security systems likely to be in use within the next 10 years.

Section 2320(a)(2)(E) of title 10, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by redesignating clause (iv) as clause (v); and

(2) by inserting after clause (iii) the following new clause:

“(iv) Enabling the Government to ensure that to the greatest extent practicable all technologies and systems under procurement by the Department of Defense that were developed with mixed funding be manufactured within the national technology and industrial base (as that term is defined in section 2500 of this title) or with other allied nations and not be provided to companies (as defined in section 847 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92)) under foreign ownership, control, or influence (as defined in such section 847), of a malign foreign actor, unless specifically authorized by the Secretary of Defense or another provision of law.”.

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) BENEFICIAL OWNER; BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP.—The terms “beneficial owner” and “beneficial ownership” shall be determined in a manner that is not less stringent than the manner set forth in section 240.13d–3 of title 17, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act).

(2) COMPANY.—The term “company” means any corporation, company, limited liability company, limited partnership, business trust, business association, or other similar entity.

(3) COVERED CONTRACTOR.—The term “covered contractor” means—

(A) a company that is not incorporated or formed in the United States;

(B) a company whose management are not United States citizens;

(C) a company whose principal place of business is not in the United States;

(D) any foreign incorporated company that is an inverted domestic corporation or any subsidiary of such company; or

(E) any joint venture if more than 10 percent of the joint venture (by vote or value) is held by a foreign incorporated company that is an inverted domestic corporation or any subsidiary of such company.

(4) FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, CONTROL, OR INFLUENCE; FOCI.—The terms “foreign ownership, control, or influence” and “FOCI” have the meanings given those terms in the National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (DOD 5220.22–M), or a successor document.

(5) NATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL BASE.—The term “national technology and industrial base” has the meaning given the term in section 2500 of title 10, United States Code.

(b) Domestic sourcing requirement.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish procurement policies to ensure that, except as provided under subsections (c) through (f), or as otherwise provided under law, funds appropriated or otherwise available to the Department of Defense may not be used for the procurement of any product, good, or service from a covered contractor, including contracts, subcontracts, and other transactions for the procurement of commercial products, notwithstanding section 1906 of title 41, United States Code.

(c) Waivers To use sources in the national technology and industrial base.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish a waiver process to ensure that products, goods, or services that cannot be procured under the requirements of subsection (b) in satisfactory quality and sufficient quantity as and when needed at United States fair market prices, may be procured as needed for the specific procurement from companies—

(1) that are not under foreign ownership, control, or influence (FOCI) of a malign foreign actor;

(2) whose beneficial owners are known to the Secretary; and

(3) that are in the national technology and industrial base.

(d) Waivers To use sources in other allied or friendly nations.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish a waiver process to ensure that products, goods, or services that cannot be procured under the requirements of subsection (b) or subsection (c) in satisfactory quality and sufficient quantity as and when needed at United States fair market prices, may be procured from companies in other allied or friendly nations, as designated for the specific procurement, so long as the Secretary ensures that such company is not under FOCI of a malign foreign actor or such company is not beneficially owned by a malign foreign actor.

(e) Waiver To use alternative sources.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish a waiver process to ensure that products, goods, or services that cannot be procured under the requirements of subsection (b), (c), or (d) in satisfactory quality and sufficient quantity as and when needed at United States fair market prices, may be procured from a company, as designated for the specific procurement.

(f) Exceptions for certain procurements.—The requirement under subsection (b) does not apply to procurements—

(1) outside the United States in support of combat operations;

(2) of any item in support of contingency operations or other emergencies;

(3) for which the use of procedures other than competitive procedures has been approved on the basis of section 2304(c)(2) of title 10, United States Code, relating to unusual and compelling urgency of need;

(4) for amounts not greater than the simplified acquisition threshold referred to in section 2304(g) of such title; or

(5) whose sourcing is limited by other provisions of law, international agreement, or treaty obligations.

(g) Requirement for activities To establish domestic sources.—If the Secretary of Defense issues a waiver under subsections (c), (d), or (e), the Secretary shall, not later than 90 days after issuing the waiver, provide a notification to the congressional defense committees of such waiver, along with a justification for the use of the waiver and a plan to establish domestic sources for the specific product, good, or service that was the subject of the waiver, if determined appropriate.

(h) Reporting on use of waiver authority.—The Secretary of Defense shall report to Congress and post on a public website each fiscal quarter usage of the waivers authorized under subsections (c), (d), and (e).

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) BENEFICIAL OWNER; BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP.—The terms “beneficial owner” and “beneficial ownership” shall be determined in a manner that is not less stringent than the manner set forth in section 240.13d–3 of title 17, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act).

(2) COMPANY.—The term “company” means any corporation, company, limited liability company, limited partnership, business trust, business association, or other similar entity.

(3) DOMESTIC.—The term “domestic”, with respect to development or production, means development or production by, or with respect to source means the source is, a company incorporated or formed in the United States—

(A) that is not under foreign ownership, control, or influence;

(B) whose beneficial owners are United States persons;

(C) whose management are United States citizens;

(D) whose principal place of business is in the United States; and

(E) who is not—

(i) a foreign incorporated entity that is an inverted domestic corporation or any subsidiary of such entity; or

(ii) any joint venture if more than 10 percent of the joint venture (by vote or value) is held by a foreign incorporated entity that is an inverted domestic corporation or any subsidiary of such entity.

(4) FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, CONTROL, OR INFLUENCE; FOCI.—The terms “foreign ownership, control, or influence” and “FOCI” have the meanings given those terms in the National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (DOD 5220.22–M), or a successor document.

(b) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish policies to promote the domestic production and for secure supply chains of technologies developed under section 2358 of title 10, United States Code.

(c) Elements.—The policies developed under subsection (b) shall include the following:

(1) Measures to partner domestic developers of technologies under defense research and development activities with domestic manufacturers and sources of financing, as well as to assure secure supply chain management for any non-domestic manufacturers.

(2) Measures to prioritize procurement of technologies developed under defense research and development activities from domestic sources.

(3) Requirements that all contracts, transactions, and agreements entered into under section 2358(b) of title 10, United States Code, shall include conditions where developers of technologies under defense research and development activity who manufacture such technology outside the United States may be required to refund to the United States an appropriate amount of funding, which shall include the present value of the future value lost by the United States as a result of such technology being manufactured outside the United States, under reasonable conditions and procedures determined by the Secretary in the interest of protecting taxpayers.

(4) Requirements that technical data developed under defense research and development activities may be transferred by the Department of Defense for the purpose of domestic manufacturing for procurement activities of the Department of Defense.

(a) Agreement.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense shall seek to enter into an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to perform the services covered by this section.

(2) TIMING.—The Secretary shall seek to enter into the agreement described in paragraph (1) not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(b) Review.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine under this section, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine shall carry out a comparative analysis of efforts by the People’s Republic of China and the United States to recruit and retain domestic and foreign researchers and develop recommendations for the Department of Defense.

(2) ELEMENTS.—The comparative analysis carried out under paragraph (1) and the recommendations developed under such paragraph shall include the following:

(A) A list of the so called “talent programs” used by the Government of China and a list of the incentive programs used by the United States Government to recruit and retain relevant researchers.

(B) The types of researchers, scientists, other technical experts, and fields targeted by each talent program listed under subparagraph (A).

(C) The number of researchers in academia, the Department of Defense Science and Technology Reinvention Laboratories, and national security science and engineering programs of the National Nuclear Security Administration targeted by the talent programs listed under subparagraph (A).

(D) The number of personnel currently participating in the talent programs listed under subparagraph (A) and the number of researchers currently participating in the incentive programs listed under such subparagraph.

(E) The incentives offered by each of the talent programs listed under subparagraph (A) and a description of the incentives offered through incentive programs under such subparagraph to recruit and retain researchers, scientists, and other technical experts.

(F) A characterization of the national security, economic, and scientific benefits the People’s Republic of China gains through the talent programs listed under subparagraph (A) and a description of similar gains accrued to the United States through incentive programs listed under such subparagraph.

(G) A list of findings and recommendations relating to policies that can be implemented by the United States Government, especially the Department of Defense, to improve the relative effectiveness of United States activities to recruit and retain researchers, scientists, and other technical experts relative to the Government of China.

(c) Report.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the execution of an agreement under subsection (a), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine shall submit to the congressional defense committees (as that term is defined in section 101(a)(16) of title 10, United States Code) a report on the findings with respect to the review carried out under this section and the recommendations developed under this section.

(2) FORM.—The report submitted under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in a publicly releasable and unclassified format, but may include a classified annex.

(a) In general.—The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of State, may carry out a program with respect to foreign countries, to be known as the “Department of Defense Cooperative Technical Talent Protection Program” (referred to in this section as the “Program”), to carry out the following activities:

(1) Facilitate the attraction and retention of individuals with technical talent in critical national security technologies in the United States and allied countries, while preventing such individuals from inappropriately partnering with or working for—

(A) the Government of China and organizations associated with the Government of China; and

(B) other governments of countries of concern and associated organizations.

(2) Prevent the proliferation of advanced national security and commercial technologies, knowledge, and expertise to the People’s Republic of China and other countries of concern.

(3) Prevent the proliferation of materials, equipment, and technology that could be used for the design, development, production, or use of technologies critical to the national or economic security of the People’s Republic of China and other countries of concern.

(4) Subject to subsection (e), carry out military-to-military and defense contacts with allied and friendly countries to advance the mission of the Program.

(5) Establish procedures and measures to ensure that any sensitive information or technology or knowledge acquired by a participant of the Program, as a result of participating in the Program, is not used against the United States Government or shared with malign foreign actors.

(b) Scope of authority.—The authority under this section includes the authority to provide employment, fellowships and other educational opportunities, equipment, goods, services, and funding for, or related to, a project or activity carried out under the Program.

(c) Type of program.—The Program may involve assistance in planning and resolving technological problems or issues, the resolution of which is associated with promoting economic growth or supporting national security for the United States or allied countries.

(d) Reimbursement of other agencies.—The Secretary of Defense may reimburse the head of any other Federal department or agency for the costs of the Federal department or agency for participation in the Program.

(e) Military-to-Military and defense contacts.—The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that the military-to-military and defense contacts carried out under subsection (a)(4)—

(1) are focused and expanded to support specific relationship-building opportunities that may lead to the development of the Program in a new geographic area and the achievement other benefits of the Program;

(2) are directly administered under the Program; and

(3) include cooperation and coordination with appropriate Federal departments and agencies, private sector partners, allied countries, and international organizations.

(f) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, Defense-Wide account to carry out this section $400,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.

(a) In general.—An individual may be employed as a full-time or term employee at a Science and Technology Reinvention Laboratory if the individual—

(1) is a citizen or national of the United States (as defined in section 101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)));

(2) is an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence (as the terms are defined in such section);

(3) is an alien who the Secretary of Defense determines to be an expert in a technical field and determines would positively contribute to the mission of a Science and Technology Reinvention Laboratory or the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; or

(4) meets such criteria as the Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or Secretary of a Military Department may establish.

(b) Development of hiring policies and expedited procedures.—The Secretary of Defense shall develop policies and expedited procedures for the employment of individuals described in subsection (a) that—

(1) for the period during which security clearances for such employees are pending, establish job functions that do not require security clearances;

(2) establish procedures for exchanging personnel with private sector research organizations (including universities, university-affiliated research centers, and federally funded research and development centers) to enable such employees to support defense missions during such period by carrying out research and technical activities that do not require security clearances;

(3) provide limited access authorization for such employees, as necessary, to perform classified work;

(4) assist such employees to obtain lawful permanent resident status or United States citizenship, as applicable; and

(5) ensure that sensitive information or technology or knowledge acquired by such employees as a result of such employment is not used against the United States Government or shared with malign foreign actors.

(a) Analysis of financial status of defense industrial base.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense shall conduct an analysis of—

(A) the financial status of the defense industrial base and develop predictive modeling capabilities to enable the Secretary to understand what sectors and suppliers in the defense industrial base are under stress and need financial support, including as a result of the COVID–19 pandemic; and

(B) the readiness of the domestic workforce to ensure a resilient defense industrial base, including coordination with labor organizations and education and training providers to assess gaps in training and education availability to achieve such readiness.

(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as may be necessary to carry out this subsection.

(b) STEM fellowships, scholarships, internships, traineeships, and apprenticeships.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may establish such fellowships, scholarships for service, internships, traineeships, and apprenticeships in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics as the Secretary considers appropriate to support United States competition with the People’s Republic of China.

(2) DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION.—For any programs established in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall develop priorities for use of such programs to improve diversity and inclusion within the workforce in support of the defense industrial base, including expanding career pathways for socially and economically disadvantaged individuals, formerly incarcerated individuals, women, veterans, and other underrepresented populations.

(3) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as may be necessary to carry out this subsection.

(a) Authorization of appropriations.—For the Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) for test and evaluation infrastructure to support new technology development for the National Defense Strategy, there are authorized to be appropriated amounts as follows:

(1) For fiscal year 2021, $418,040,000.

(2) For fiscal year 2022, $447,303,000.

(3) For fiscal year 2023, $478,614,000.

(4) For fiscal year 2024, $512,117,000.

(5) For fiscal year 2025, $547,965,000.

(b) Supplement, not supplant.—The amounts authorized to be appropriated under subsection shall supplement and not supplant amounts already appropriated for the purposes described in such subsection.

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—The term “appropriate congressional committees” means—

(A) The Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives; and

(B) The Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.

(2) NATIONAL DEFENSE.—The term “national defense” shall have the same meaning as such term under section 702 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4552).

(b) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that, consistent with any determinations made pursuant to section 101 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4511), the refining of aluminum and the development of processing and manufacturing capabilities for aluminum, including a geographically diverse set of such capabilities, may have important implications for the defense industrial base and the national defense.

(c) Report.—Not later than September 30, 2021, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on—

(1) how authorities under the Defense Production Act of 1950 (U.S.C. 4501 et seq.) could be used to provide incentives to increase activities relating to refining aluminum and the development of processing and manufacturing capabilities for aluminum; and

(2) whether a new initiative would further the development of such processing and manufacturing capabilities for aluminum.

(a) Designation of aluminum as specialty metal.—Section 2533b(l) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end of the following new paragraph:

“(5) Aluminum and aluminum alloys.”.

(b) Federal Highway Administration.—Section 313(a) of title 23, United States Code, is amended by striking “unless steel, iron, and manufactured products” and inserting “unless steel, iron, aluminum, and manufactured products”.

(c) Federal Transit Administration.—Section 5323(j) of title 49, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “only if the steel, iron, and manufactured goods” and inserting “only if the steel, iron, aluminum, and manufactured goods”;

(2) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking “steel, iron, and goods” and inserting “steel, iron, aluminum, and manufactured goods”;

(3) in paragraph (5), by striking “or iron” and inserting “, iron, or aluminum”;

(4) in paragraph (6)(A)(i), by inserting “, aluminum” after “iron”;

(5) in paragraph (10), by inserting “, aluminum” after “iron”; and

(6) in paragraph (12)—

(A) in the paragraph heading by striking “AND IRON” and inserting “, IRON, AND ALUMINUM”; and

(B) by striking “and iron” and inserting “, iron, and aluminum”.

(d) Federal Railroad Administration.—Section 22905(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “only if the steel, iron, and manufactured goods” and inserting “only if the steel, iron, aluminum, and manufactured products”;

(2) in paragraph (2)(B), by inserting “, aluminum” after “iron”; and

(3) in paragraph (9), by inserting “, aluminum” after “iron.”

(e) Federal Aviation Administration.—Section 50101(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking “steel and manufactured goods” and inserting “steel, aluminum, and manufactured goods”.

(f) Amtrak.—Section 24305(f)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting “, including aluminum,” after “supplies” each place it appears.

(a) Davis-Bacon Act.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for fiscal year 2021 and each fiscal year thereafter, all laborers and mechanics employed by contractors or subcontractors on projects assisted in whole or in part under section 103, 114, 125, 126, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 147, 148, 149, 150, 169, 170, 171, or 172, or part II of this subtitle, without regard to the form or type of Federal assistance provided under such section or part, shall be paid wages at rates not less than those prevailing on projects of a similar character in the locality as determined by the Secretary of Labor in accordance with subchapter IV of chapter 31 of title 40, United States Code (commonly known as the “Davis-Bacon Act”).

(2) AUTHORITY.—With respect to the labor standards specified in paragraph (1), the Secretary of Labor shall have the authority and functions set forth in Reorganization Plan Numbered 14 of 1950 (64 Stat. 1267; 5 U.S.C. App.) and section 3145 of title 40, United States Code.

(b) Service employees.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for fiscal year 2021 and each fiscal year thereafter, all service employees, including service employees that are routine operations workers or routine maintenance workers, who are not covered under subsection (a) and are employed by contractors or subcontractors on projects assisted in whole or in part under section 103, 114, 125, 126, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 147, 148, 149, 150, 169, 170, 171, or 172, or part II of this subtitle, without regard to the form or type of Federal assistance provided under such section or part, shall be paid a wage and fringe benefits that are not less than the minimum wage and fringe benefits established in accordance with chapter 67 of title 41, United States Code (commonly known as the “Service Contract Act”).

(2) DEFINITION OF SERVICE EMPLOYEE.—In this subsection, the term “service employee”—

(A) means an individual engaged in the performance of a project assisted in whole or in part under section 103, 114, 125, 126, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 146, 147, 148, 149, 169, 170, 171, or 172, or part II of this subtitle, without regard to the form or type of Federal assistance provided under such section or part, the principal purpose of which is to furnish services in the United States;

(B) includes an individual without regard to any contractual relationship alleged to exist between the individual and a contractor or subcontractor; but

(C) does not include an individual employed in a bona fide executive, administrative, or professional capacity, as those terms are defined in part 541 of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations.

(3) AUTHORITY.—With respect to paragraphs (1) and (2), the Secretary of Labor shall have the authority and functions set forth in chapter 67 of title 41, United States Code.

(c) Minimum wage and overtime.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for fiscal year 2021 and each fiscal year thereafter, all employees who are not covered under subsection (a) and are employed, including such employees employed by contractors or subcontractors, on projects assisted in whole or in part under section 103, 114, 125, 126, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 147, 148, 149, 150, 169, 170, 171, or 172, or part II of this subtitle, without regard to the form or type of Federal assistance provided under such section or part, shall be paid a wage of not less than $15 per hour and receive overtime pay of one-and-one-half times their regular rate of pay for all hours worked in excess of 40 hours per workweek if they are paid at a rate of less than $51,000 on an annual basis.

(a) Oversight of current activity and needs.—

(1) RESPONSE TO IMMEDIATE NEEDS.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, in coordination with the Director of the Defense Logistics Agency, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, and heads of other Federal agencies (as appropriate), shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report assessing the immediate needs described in paragraph (2) to combat the COVID–19 pandemic and the plan for meeting those immediate needs.

(2) ASSESSMENT.—The report required by paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) an assessment of the amount of critical supplies necessary to address the needs of the population of the United States infected by the virus SARS–CoV–2 that causes COVID–19 and to prevent further spread of COVID–19 throughout the United States;

(B) based on best available scientific and epidemiological evidence and meaningful consultations with relevant stakeholders and scientific experts, an assessment of the need for personal protective equipment, durable medical equipment, and other critical supplies required by—

(i) health professionals, health workers, and staff in health care settings;

(ii) workers in industries and sectors described in the “Advisory Memorandum on Identification of Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers during the COVID–19 Response” issued by the Director of Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of Homeland Security on April 17, 2020 (and any expansion of industries and sectors included in updates to such advisory memorandum); and

(iii) other workers determined to be essential based on such consultation and review of evidence;

(C) an assessment of the quantities of critical supplies in working order and the quantities of such supplies in need of repair and refurbishment in the Strategic National Stockpile (established under section 319F–2 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d–6b(a)(1))) as of the date of the report, and the projected gap between the quantities of critical supplies identified as needed in the assessments under subparagraphs (A) and (B) and the quantities of such supplies in the Strategic National Stockpile;

(D) an identification of the industry sectors and manufacturers most ready to fulfill purchase orders for such supplies (including manufacturers that may be incentivized) through the exercise of authority under section 303(e) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4533(e)) to modify, expand, or improve production processes to manufacture such supplies to respond immediately to a need identified in subparagraph (A) or (B);

(E) an identification of Federal Government-owned and non-Federal Government-owned (including privately owned) stockpiles of critical supplies not included in the Strategic National Stockpile, and an assessment of the quantities of such supplies that are in working order and the quantities of such supplies that could be repaired or refurbished;

(F) an identification of previously distributed critical supplies that can be redistributed based on current need;

(G) a description of any exercise of the authorities under the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.) that relate to the procurement of critical supplies; and

(H) an identification of critical areas of need, by county and by areas identified by the Indian Health Service, in the United States and the metrics and criteria for identification as a critical area.

(3) PLAN.—The report required by paragraph (1) shall include a plan for meeting the immediate needs to combat the COVID–19 pandemic, including each need and gap identified through the assessment under paragraph (2). Such plan shall include—

(A) a list of each contract the Federal Government has entered into to meet such needs, including the purpose of each contract, the type and amount of equipment, supplies, or services to be provided under the contract, the entity fulfilling such contract, and the dollar amount of each contract;

(B) a list of each contract that the Federal Government intends to enter into within 14 days after submission of such report, including the information described in paragraph (2) for each such contract; and

(C) whether any of the contracts described in subparagraph (A) or (B) have or will have a priority rating under the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.), including purchase orders pursuant to Department of Defense Directive 4400.1, part 101, subpart A of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations, or any other applicable authority.

(4) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS.—The report required by paragraph (1), and each update required by paragraph (5), shall include—

(A) a list of any requests for critical supplies from State or local governments and Indian Tribes, and an accompanying list of the employers and unions and other stakeholders consulted in developing these requests;

(B) a detailed description and explanation of data sources and any modeling or formulas used to determine allocation of critical supplies, and any discrepancies between such supplies requested as described in subparagraph (A) and such supplies provided in all allocations;

(C) the date, amount and destination of such supplies requested under subparagraph (A) delivered;

(D) an explanation of why any portion of any contract, whether to replenish the Strategic National Stockpile or otherwise, will not be filled;

(E) a list of products procured pursuant to a contract described in paragraph (3)(A), the percentage of such products that are used to replenish the Strategic National Stockpile, that are targeted to COVID–19 hotspots, and that are used for the commercial market;

(F) metrics, formulas, and criteria used to determine COVID–19 hotspots or areas of critical need for a State, county, or an area identified by the Indian Health Service;

(G) production and procurement benchmarks, where practicable;

(H) a description of the range of prices for critical supplies that are subject to shortages, purchased by, transported by, or otherwise known to, the Federal Government, identifying all such prices that exceed the prevailing market prices of such supplies prior to March 1, 2020, and any actions taken by the Federal Government under section 102 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4512) or other provisions of law to prevent hoarding of such supplies and charging of such increased prices between March 1, 2020, and the date of the submission of the first report required by paragraph (1), and, for all subsequent reports, within each reporting period; and

(I) results of the consultation with the relevant stakeholders required by paragraph (2)(B).

(5) UPDATES.—The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, in coordination with Director of the Defense Logistics Agency, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, and heads of other Federal agencies (as appropriate), shall update such report every quarter.

(6) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall make the report required by this subsection, including each update required by paragraph (5) available to the public, including on a publicly accessible website of the Federal Government.

(7) SUNSET.—The requirements of this subsection shall terminate on the later of—

(A) December 31, 2021; or

(B) the end of the COVID–19 emergency period.

(b) Reporting on exercise of authorities under the Defense Production Act of 1950.—

(1) REPORT REQUIRED.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the Defense Production Act Committee, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the exercise of authorities under the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.) during the period specified in subparagraph (C).

(B) ELEMENTS.—Each report required by subparagraph (A) shall include, with respect to each exercise of authority under the Defense Production Act of 1950 included in the report—

(i) an explanation of the purpose of the applicable contract, purchase order, or other exercise of authority (including an allocation of materials, services, and facilities under section 101(a)(2) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4511(a)(2));

(ii) the cost of the exercise of authority; and

(iii) if applicable—

(I) the amount of goods that were purchased or allocated;

(II) an identification of the entity awarded a contract or purchase order or that was the subject of the exercise of authority; and

(III) an identification of any entity that had shipments delayed by the exercise of authority.

(C) PERIOD SPECIFIED.—The period specified in this paragraph is—

(i) in the case of the first report required by subparagraph (A), the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act and ending on the date on which the report is required to be submitted; and

(ii) in the case of each subsequent report required by subparagraph (A), the 90-day period preceding the date on which the report is required to be submitted.

(D) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall make each report required by subparagraph (A) available to the public, including by posting the report on a publicly accessible internet website of the Federal Government.

(2) QUARTERLY REPORTING ON EXPENDITURES.—Not less frequently than every 90 days, the President shall submit to Congress, and make available to the public (including through posting on a publicly accessible internet website of the Federal Government), a report detailing all expenditures made pursuant to the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.) during the 90 days preceding the date of the report.

(3) SUNSET.—The requirements of this subsection shall terminate on the later of—

(A) December 31, 2021; or

(B) the end of the COVID–19 emergency period.

(c) GAO report.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on ensuring that the Federal Government has access to the medical supplies and equipment necessary to respond to future pandemics and public health emergencies, including recommendations with respect to how to ensure that the United States supply chain for diagnostic tests (including serological tests) and testing supplies, personal protective equipment, vaccines (including ancillary supplies), therapies, and other medical supplies is better equipped to respond to emergencies, including through the use of funds in the Defense Production Act Fund under section 304 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4534) to address shortages in that supply chain.

(2) REVIEW OF ASSESSMENT AND PLAN.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after each of the submission of the reports described in subsections (a) and (b), the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an assessment of such reports, including identifying any gaps in the content of the reports and providing any recommendations to address any identified gaps in such reports.

(B) MONTHLY REVIEW.—Not later than a month after the submission of the assessment under subparagraph (A), and monthly thereafter, the Comptroller General shall issue a report to the appropriate congressional committees with respect to any updates to the reports described in subsections (a) and (b) that were issued during the previous 1-month period, containing an assessment of such updates, including identifying any gaps in the content of such updates and providing any recommendations to address any identified gaps in such updates.

(d) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—The term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committees on Appropriations, Armed Services, Energy and Commerce, Financial Services, Homeland Security, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Veterans’ Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Appropriations, Armed Services, Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, and Veterans’ Affairs of the Senate.

(2) COVID–19 EMERGENCY PERIOD.—The term “COVID–19 emergency period” means the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act and ending after the end of the incident period for the emergency declared on March 13, 2020, by the President under Section 501 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 4121 et seq.) relating to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID–19) pandemic.

(3) CRITICAL SUPPLIES.—The term “critical supplies” means drugs, vaccines and other biological products, and medical devices used for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, prevention, or treatment of COVID–19, including personal protective equipment, therapeutics, ventilators, medicines required in conjunction with the use of ventilators, and diagnostic tests.

(4) RELEVANT STAKEHOLDER.—The term “relevant stakeholder” means—

(A) a representative private sector entity;

(B) a representative of the nonprofit sector; or

(C) a representative of a labor organization representing workers, including a union that represents health workers, manufacturers, public sector employees, or service sector workers.

(5) STATE.—The term “State” means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States.

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.—The term “appropriate committees of Congress” means—

(A) the Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and

(B) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Financial Services, and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives.

(2) COVERED ENTITY.—The term “covered entity” means a private entity, a consortium of private entities, or a consortium of public and private entities with a demonstrated ability to construct, expand, or modernize a facility relating to the fabrication, assembly, testing, advanced packaging, or advanced research and development of semiconductors.

(3) COVERED INCENTIVE.—The term “covered incentive”—

(A) means an incentive offered by a governmental entity to a covered entity for the purposes of constructing within the jurisdiction of the governmental entity, or expanding or modernizing an existing facility within that jurisdiction, a facility described in paragraph (2); and

(B) includes any tax incentive (such as an incentive or reduction with respect to employment or payroll taxes or a tax abatement with respect to personal or real property), a workforce-related incentive (including a grant agreement relating to workforce training or vocational education), any concession with respect to real property, funding for research and development with respect to semiconductors, and any other incentive determined appropriate by the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State.

(4) FOREIGN ADVERSARY.—The term “foreign adversary” means any foreign government or foreign nongovernment person that is engaged in a long-term pattern, or is involved in a serious instance, of conduct that is significantly adverse to—

(A) the national security of the United States or an ally of the United States; or

(B) the security and safety of United States persons.

(5) GOVERNMENTAL ENTITY.—The term “governmental entity” means a State or local government.

(6) SECRETARY.—The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce.

(7) SEMICONDUCTOR.—The term “semiconductor” has the meaning given the term by the Secretary.

(b) Grant program.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish in the Department of Commerce a program that, in accordance with the requirements of this section, awards grants to covered entities.

(2) PROCEDURE.—

(A) APPLICATION.—A covered entity seeking a grant under paragraph (1) shall submit to the Secretary an application therefor that describes the project for which the covered entity is seeking the grant.

(B) ELIGIBILITY.—In order for a covered entity to qualify for a grant under paragraph (1), the covered entity shall demonstrate to the Secretary, in the application submitted by the covered entity under subparagraph (A), that—

(i) the covered entity has a documented interest in constructing, expanding, or modernizing a facility described in subsection (a)(2);

(ii) with respect to the project described in clause (i), the covered entity has—

(I) been offered a covered incentive;

(II) made commitments to worker and community investment, including through—

(aa) training and education benefits paid by the covered entity; and

(bb) programs to expand employment opportunity for economically disadvantaged individuals; and

(III) secured commitments from regional educational and training entities and institutions of higher education to provide workforce training, including programming for training and job placement of economically disadvantaged individuals; and

(iii) the covered entity demonstrates that it is responsive to the national security needs or requirements established by the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)), an element of the intelligence community, or the Department of Defense.

(C) CONSIDERATIONS FOR REVIEW.—With respect to the review by the Secretary of an application submitted by a covered entity under subparagraph (A)—

(i) the Secretary may not approve the application unless the Secretary—

(I) confirms that the covered entity has satisfied the eligibility criteria under subparagraph (B); and

(II) determines that the project to which the application relates is in the interest of the United States; and

(ii) the Secretary may consider whether—

(I) the covered entity has previously received a grant made under this subsection; and

(II) the governmental entity offering the applicable covered incentive has benefitted from a grant previously made under this subsection.

(3) AMOUNT.—The amount of a grant awarded by the Secretary to a covered entity under paragraph (1) shall be in an amount that is not more than $3,000,000,000.

(4) USE OF FUNDS.—A covered entity that receives a grant under paragraph (1) may only use the amount of the grant—

(A) to finance the construction, expansion, or modernization of a state-of-the-art semiconductor facility described in subsection (a)(2), as documented in the application submitted by the covered entity under paragraph (2)(A), or for similar uses in state of practice and legacy facilities, as determined necessary by the Secretary for purposes relating to the national security and economic competitiveness of the United States;

(B) to support workforce development for the facility described in subparagraph (A); or

(C) to support site development for the facility described in subparagraph (A).

(5) CLAWBACK.—The Secretary shall recover the full amount of a grant provided to a covered entity under this subsection if—

(A) as of the date that is 5 years after the date on which the Secretary awards the grant, the project to which the grant relates has not been completed, except that the Secretary may issue a waiver with respect to the requirement under this subparagraph if the Secretary determines that issuing such a waiver is appropriate and in the interests of the United States; or

(B) during the applicable term with respect to the grant, the covered entity engages in any joint research or technology licensing effort—

(i) with the Government of China, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of Iran, the Government of North Korea, or another foreign adversary; and

(ii) that relates to a technology or product that raises national security concerns, as determined by the Secretary.

(c) Consultation and coordination required.—In carrying out the program established under subsection (b)(1), the Secretary shall consult and coordinate with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, and the Director of National Intelligence.

(d) Reviews by comptroller general of the united states.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall—

(1) not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, and biennially thereafter until the date that is 10 years after that date of the enactment of this Act, conduct a review of the program established under subsection (b)(1), which shall include, at a minimum—

(A) a determination of the number of instances in which grants were provided under that subsection during the period covered by the review in violation of a requirement of this section;

(B) an evaluation of how—

(i) the program is being carried out, including how recipients of grants are being selected under the program; and

(ii) other Federal programs are leveraged for manufacturing, research, and training to complement the grants awarded under the program; and

(C) a description of the outcomes of projects supported by grants made under the program, including a description of—

(i) facilities described in subsection (a)(2) that were constructed, expanded, or modernized as a result of grants made under the program;

(ii) research and development carried out with grants made under the program; and

(iii) workforce training programs carried out with grants made under the program, including efforts to hire individuals from disadvantaged populations; and

(2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the results of each review conducted under paragraph (1).

(e) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $15,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2021, which shall remain available until September 30, 2031.

(a) Department of Defense efforts.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of National Intelligence, work with the private sector through a public-private partnership, including by incentivizing the formation of a consortium of semiconductor companies in the United States, to ensure the development and production of advanced, measurably secure microelectronics for use by the Department of Defense, the intelligence community, critical infrastructure sectors, and other national security applications. Such work may include providing incentives for the creation, expansion, or modernization of one or more commercially competitive and sustainable microelectronics manufacturing or advanced research and development facilities.

(2) RISK MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS.—A participant in a consortium formed with incentives under paragraph (1) shall—

(A) have the potential to perform design, fabrication, assembly, package, or test functions for microelectronics deemed critical to national security as defined by the National Security Adviser and the Secretary of Defense;

(B) include management processes to identify and mitigate supply chain security risks; and

(C) be able to produce microelectronics consistent with applicable measurably secure supply chain and operational security standards established under section 224(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92).

(3) NATIONAL SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS.—The Secretary of Defense and the Director of National Intelligence shall select participants for the consortium formed with incentives under paragraph (1). In selecting such participants, the Secretary and the Director may jointly consider whether the United States companies—

(A) have participated in previous programs and projects of the Department of Defense, Department of Energy, or the intelligence community, including—

(i) the Trusted Integrated Circuit program of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity;

(ii) trusted and assured microelectronics projects, as administered by the Department of Defense;

(iii) the Electronics Resurgence Initiative (ERI) program of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; or

(iv) relevant semiconductor research programs of Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy;

(B) have demonstrated an ongoing commitment to performing contracts for the Department of Defense and the intelligence community;

(C) are approved by the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency or the Office of the Director of National Intelligence as presenting an acceptable security risk, taking into account supply chain assurance vulnerabilities, counterintelligence risks, and any risks presented by companies whose owners are located outside the United States; and

(D) are evaluated periodically for foreign ownership, control, or influence by foreign adversaries.

(4) NONTRADITIONAL DEFENSE CONTRACTORS AND COMMERCIAL ENTITIES.—Arrangements entered into to carry out paragraph (1) shall be in such form as the Secretary of Defense determines appropriate to encourage industry participation of nontraditional defense contractors or commercial entities and may include a contract, a grant, a cooperative agreement, a commercial agreement, the use of other transaction authority under section 2371 of title 10, United States Code, or another such arrangement.

(5) DISCHARGE.—The Secretary of Defense shall carry out paragraph (1) jointly through the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, or such other component of the Department of Defense as the Secretary considers appropriate.

(6) OTHER INITIATIVES.—The Secretary of Defense shall dedicate initiatives within the Department of Defense to advance radio frequency, mixed signal, radiation tolerant, and radiation hardened microelectronics that support national security and dual-use applications.

(7) REPORTS.—

(A) REPORT BY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on the plans of the Secretary to carry out paragraph (1).

(B) BIENNIAL REPORTS BY COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES.—Not later than 1 year after the date on which the Secretary submits the report required by subparagraph (A) and not less frequently than once every 2 years thereafter for a period of 10 years, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report on the activities carried out under this subsection.

(b) Defense Production Act of 1950 efforts.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to Congress a report on a plan for use by the Department of Defense of authorities available in title III of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4531 et seq.) to establish and enhance a domestic production capability for microelectronics technologies and related technologies, subject to the availability of appropriations for that purpose.

(2) CONSULTATION.—The President shall develop the plan required by paragraph (1) in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, and in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, and appropriate stakeholders in the private sector.

(c) Department of Defense requirements for sourcing from domestic microelectronics design and foundry services.—

(1) REQUIREMENTS REQUIRED.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of National Intelligence, shall establish requirements, standards, and a timeline for enforcement of such requirements, to the extent possible, for domestic sourcing for microelectronics design and foundry services, and for commercial microelectronics products, by programs, contractors, subcontractors, and other recipients of funding from the Department of Defense, Department of Energy, Department of Homeland Security, and the Director of National Intelligence.

(2) PROCESSES FOR WAIVERS.—The requirements established under paragraph (1) shall include processes to permit waivers for specific contracts or transactions for domestic sourcing requirements based on cost, availability, severity of technical and mission requirements, emergency requirements and operational needs, other legal or international treaty obligations, or other factors.

(3) UPDATES.—Not less frequently than once each year, the Secretary shall—

(A) update the requirements and timelines established under paragraph (1) and the processes under paragraph (2); and

(B) submit to Congress a report on the updates made under subparagraph (A).

(a) In general.—Commencing not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the heads of other appropriate Federal departments and agencies, shall undertake a review, which shall include a survey, using authorities in section 705 of the Defense Production Act (50 U.S.C. 4555), to assess the capabilities of the United States industrial base to support the national defense in light of the global nature of the supply chain and significant interdependencies between the United States industrial base and the industrial base of foreign countries with respect to the manufacture, design, and end use of microelectronics.

(b) Response to survey.—The Secretary shall ensure compliance with the survey from among all relevant potential respondents, including the following:

(1) Corporations, partnerships, associations, or any other organized groups domiciled and with substantial operations in the United States.

(2) Corporations, partnerships, associations, or any other organized groups domiciled in the United States with operations outside the United States.

(3) Foreign domiciled corporations, partnerships, associations, or any other organized groups with substantial operations or business presence in, or substantial revenues derived from, the United States.

(4) Foreign domiciled corporations, partnerships, associations, or any other organized groups in defense treaty or assistance countries where the production of the entity concerned involves critical technologies.

(c) Information requested.—The information sought from a responding entity pursuant to the survey required by subsection (a) shall include, at minimum, information on the following with respect to the manufacture, design, or end use of microelectronics by such entity:

(1) An identification of the geographic scope of operations.

(2) Information on relevant cost structures.

(3) An identification of types of microelectronics development, manufacture, assembly, test, and packaging equipment in operation at such entity.

(4) An identification of all relevant intellectual property, raw materials, and semi-finished goods and components sourced domestically and abroad by such entity.

(5) Specifications of the microelectronics manufactured or designed by such entity, descriptions of the end-uses of such microelectronics, and a description of any technical support provided to end-users of such microelectronics by such entity.

(6) Information on domestic and export market sales by such entity.

(7) Information on the financial performance, including income and expenditures, of such entity.

(8) A list of all foreign and domestic subsidies, and any other financial incentives, received by such entity in each market in which such entity operates.

(9) A list of information requests from the Government of China to such entity, and a description of the nature of each request and the type of information provided.

(10) Information on any joint ventures, technology licensing agreements, and cooperative research or production arrangements of such entity.

(11) A description of efforts by such entity to evaluate and control supply chain risks it faces.

(12) A list and description of any sales, licensing agreements, or partnerships between such entity and the People’s Liberation Army or People’s Armed Police, including any business relationships with entities through which such sales, licensing agreements, or partnerships may occur.

(d) Report.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Commerce shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the heads of other appropriate Federal departments and agencies, submit to Congress a report on the results of the review required by subsection (a). The report shall include the following:

(A) An assessment of the results of the survey.

(B) A list of critical technology areas impacted by potential disruptions in production of microelectronics, and a detailed description and assessment of the impact of such potential disruptions on such areas.

(C) A description and assessment of gaps and vulnerabilities in the microelectronics supply chain and the national industrial supply base.

(2) FORM.—The report required by paragraph (1) may be submitted in classified form.

(a) Multilateral microelectronics security fund.—

(1) ESTABLISHMENT OF FUND.—There is established in the Treasury of the United States a trust fund, to be known as the “Multilateral Microelectronics Security Fund” (in this section referred to as the “Fund”), consisting of amounts deposited into the Fund under paragraph (2) and any amounts that may be credited to the Fund under paragraph (3).

(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated $750,000,000 to be deposited in the Fund.

(3) INVESTMENT OF AMOUNTS.—

(A) INVESTMENT OF AMOUNTS.—The Secretary of the Treasury shall invest such portion of the Fund as is not required to meet current withdrawals in interest-bearing obligations of the United States or in obligations guaranteed as to both principal and interest by the United States.

(B) INTEREST AND PROCEEDS.—The interest on, and the proceeds from the sale or redemption of, any obligations held in the Fund shall be credited to and form a part of the Fund.

(4) USE OF FUND.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph (B), amounts in the Fund shall be available, as provided in advance in an appropriations Act, to the Secretary of State—

(i) to provide funding through the common funding mechanism described in subsection (b)(1) to support the development and adoption of measurably secure microelectronics and measurably secure microelectronics supply chains; and

(ii) to otherwise carry out this section.

(B) AVAILABILITY CONTINGENT ON INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT.—Amounts in the Fund shall be available to the Secretary of State on and after the date on which the Secretary enters into an agreement with the governments of countries that are partners of the United States to participate in the common funding mechanism under paragraph (1) of subsection (b) and the commitments described in paragraph (2) of that subsection.

(5) AVAILABILITY OF AMOUNTS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Amounts in the Fund shall remain available through the end of the tenth fiscal year beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(B) REMAINDER TO TREASURY.—Any amounts remaining in the Fund after the end of the fiscal year described in subparagraph (A) shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury.

(b) Common funding mechanism for development and adoption of measurably secure microelectronics and measurably secure microelectronics supply chains.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Director of National Intelligence, shall seek to establish a common funding mechanism, in coordination with the governments of countries that are partners of the United States, that uses amounts from the Fund, and amounts committed by such governments, to support the development and adoption of secure microelectronics and secure microelectronics supply chains, including for use in research and development collaborations among countries participating in the common funding mechanism.

(2) MUTUAL COMMITMENTS.—The Secretary of State, in consultation with the United States Trade Representative, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of Commerce, shall seek to negotiate a set of mutual commitments with the governments of countries that are partners of the United States upon which to condition any expenditure of funds pursuant to the common funding mechanism described in paragraph (1). Such commitments shall, at a minimum—

(A) establish transparency requirements for any subsidies or other financial benefits (including revenue foregone) provided to microelectronics firms located in or outside such countries;

(B) establish consistent policies with respect to countries that—

(i) are not participating in the common funding mechanism; and

(ii) do not meet transparency requirements established under subparagraph (A);

(C) promote harmonized treatment of microelectronics and verification processes for items being exported to a country considered a national security risk by a country participating in the common funding mechanism;

(D) establish consistent policies and common external policies to address nonmarket economies as the behavior of such countries pertains to microelectronics;

(E) align policies on supply chain integrity and microelectronics security, including with respect to protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights; and

(F) promote harmonized foreign direct investment screening measures with respect to microelectronics to align with national and multilateral security priorities.

(c) Annual report to congress.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for each fiscal year during which amounts in the Fund are available under subsection (a)(5), the Secretary of State shall submit to Congress a report on the status of the implementation of this section that includes a description of—

(1) any commitments made by the governments of countries that are partners of the United States to providing funding for the common funding mechanism described in subsection (b)(1) and the specific amount so committed;

(2) the criteria established for expenditure of funds through the common funding mechanism;

(3) how, and to whom, amounts have been expended from the Fund;

(4) amounts remaining in the Fund;

(5) the progress of the Secretary of State toward entering into an agreement with the governments of countries that are partners of the United States to participate in the common funding mechanism and the commitments described in subsection (b)(2); and

(6) any additional authorities needed to enhance the effectiveness of the Fund in achieving the security goals of the United States.

(a) Appropriate committees of Congress.—In this section, the term “appropriate committees of Congress” means—

(1) the Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and

(2) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Education and Labor, and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives.

(b) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that the leadership of the United States in semiconductor technology and innovation is critical to the economic growth and national security of the United States.

(c) Subcommittee on semiconductor leadership.—

(1) ESTABLISHMENT REQUIRED.—The President shall establish in the National Science and Technology Council a subcommittee on matters relating to leadership of the United States in semiconductor technology and innovation.

(2) DUTIES.—The duties of the subcommittee established under paragraph (1) are as follows:

(A) NATIONAL STRATEGY ON SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH.—

(i) DEVELOPMENT.—In coordination with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of Labor, the Director of the National Science Foundation, and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and in consultation with the semiconductor industry and academia, develop a national strategy on semiconductor research, development, design, manufacturing, and supply chain security, including guidance for the funding of research, and strengthening of the domestic microelectronics workforce.

(ii) REPORTING AND UPDATES.—Not less frequently than once every 5 years, to update the strategy developed under clause (i) and to submit the revised strategy to the appropriate committees of Congress.

(iii) IMPLEMENTATION.—In coordination with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Director of the National Science Foundation, and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, on an annual basis coordinate and recommend each agency’s semiconductor related research and development programs and budgets to ensure consistency with the National Semiconductor Strategy.

(B) FOSTERING COORDINATION OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—To foster the coordination of semiconductor research and development.

(3) SUNSET.—The subcommittee established under paragraph (1) shall terminate on the date that is 10 years after the date of enactment of this Act.

(d) Industrial advisory committee.—The President shall establish a standing subcommittee of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology to advise the United States Government on matters relating to microelectronics policy.

(e) National semiconductor technology center.—

(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Commerce shall establish a national semiconductor technology center to conduct research and prototyping of advanced semiconductor technology to strengthen the economic competitiveness and security of the domestic supply chain, which will be operated as a public private-sector consortium with participation from the private sector, the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, the Department of Homeland Security, the National Science Foundation, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

(2) FUNCTIONS.—The functions of the center established under paragraph (1) shall be as follows:

(A) To conduct advanced semiconductor manufacturing, design, and packaging research and prototyping that strengthens the entire domestic ecosystem and is aligned with the National Strategy on Semiconductor Research.

(B) To establish, as part of the center established under paragraph (1) and in collaboration with Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, a National Advanced Packaging Manufacturing Program that operates in coordination with the center, to strengthen semiconductor advanced design, test, assembly, and packaging capability in the domestic ecosystem, and which shall coordinate with the Manufacturing USA institute established under paragraph (4).

(C) To establish an investment fund, in partnership with the private sector, that will support startups and collaborations between startups, academia, and established companies with the goal of commercializing innovations that contribute to the domestic semiconductor industry.

(D) To establish a Semiconductor Manufacturing Program through the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to enable advances and breakthroughs in measurement science, standards, material characterization, instrumentation, testing, and manufacturing capabilities that will accelerate the underlying research and development for metrology of next generation semiconductors and ensure the competitiveness and leadership of the United States within this sector.

(E) To work with the Secretary of Labor, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Secretary of Energy, the private sector, educational institutions, and workforce training entities to develop workforce training programs and apprenticeships in advanced microelectronic research, design, fabrication, and packaging capabilities.

(3) COMPONENTS.—The fund established under paragraph (2)(C) shall cover the following:

(A) Advanced metrology and characterization for manufacturing of microchips using 3-nanometer transistor processes or more advanced processes.

(B) Metrology for security and supply chain verification.

(4) CREATION OF A MANUFACTURING USA INSTITUTE.—The fund established under paragraph (2)(C) may also cover the creation of a Manufacturing USA institute described in section 34(d) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(d)) that is focused on semiconductor manufacturing. Such institute may emphasize the following:

(A) Research to support the virtualization and automation of maintenance of semiconductor machinery.

(B) Development of new advanced test, assembly and packaging capabilities.

(C) Developing and deploying educational and skills training curricula needed to support the industry sector and ensure the United States can build and maintain a trusted and predictable talent pipeline.

(f) Authorizations of appropriations.—

(1) NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY CENTER.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out subsection (e) $9,050,000,000 for fiscal year 2021, with such amount to remain available for such purpose through fiscal year 2030—

(A) of which, $3,000,000,000 shall be available to carry out subsection (e)(2)(A);

(B) of which, $5,000,000,000 shall be available to carry out subsection (e)(2)(B);

(C) of which, $500,000,000 shall be available to carry out subsection (e)(2)(C);

(D) of which, $500,000,000 shall be available to carry out subsection (e)(2)(D)—

(i) of which, $20,000,000 shall be available for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025 to carry out subsection (e)(3)(A);

(ii) of which, $20,000,000 shall be available for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025 to carry out subsection (e)(3)(B); and

(iii) of which, $50,000,000 shall be available for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025 to carry out subsection (e)(4); and

(E) of which, $50,000,000 shall be available to carry out subsection (e)(2)(E).

(2) SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH AT NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out programs at the National Science Foundation on semiconductor research in alignment with the National Strategy on Semiconductor Research $1,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2021, with such amount to remain available for such purpose through fiscal year 2025.

(3) SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH AT DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out programs at the Department of Energy, including the National Laboratories, on semiconductor research, in alignment with the National Strategy on Semiconductor Research $2,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2021, with such amount to remain available for such purpose through fiscal year 2025.

(4) MICROELECTRONICS RESEARCH AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out microelectronics research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2021, with such amount to remain available for such purpose through fiscal year 2025.

(5) MICROELECTRONICS SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH AT THE DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out microelectronics research, such as the Electronics Resurgence Initiative and the Microelectronics Research Commons, at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, $2,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2021 to develop advanced disruptive microelectronics technology, including research and development to enable production at a volume required to sustain a robust domestic microelectronics industry and mitigate parts obsolescence, with such amount to remain available for such purpose through fiscal year 2025.

(6) SUPPLEMENT NOT SUPPLANT.—The amounts authorized to be appropriated under paragraphs (1) through (4) shall supplement and not supplant amounts already appropriated to carry out the purposes described in such paragraphs.

(g) Domestic production requirements.—The head of any executive agency receiving funding under this section shall develop policies to require domestic production, to the extent possible, for any intellectual property resulting from microelectronics research and development conducted as a result of these funds and domestic control requirements to protect any such intellectual property from foreign adversaries.

None of the funds appropriated pursuant to an authorization in this part may be provided to an entity—

(1) under the foreign ownership, control, or influence of the Government of China or the Chinese Communist Party, or other foreign adversary (as defined in section 153(a)(4)); or

(2) determined to have beneficial ownership from foreign individuals subject to the jurisdiction, direction, or influence of foreign adversaries (as so defined).

(a) Findings.—Congress makes the following findings:

(1) In the report to Congress required under section 1261(b) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232), the President laid out a broad range of malign activities conducted by the Government of China and its agents and entities, including—

(A) propaganda and disinformation, in which “Beijing communicates its narrative through state-run television, print, radio, and online organizations whose presence is proliferating in the United States and around the world”;

(B) malign political influence operations, in which “front organizations and agents which target businesses, universities, think tanks, scholars, journalists, and local state and Federal officials in the United States and around the world, attempting to influence discourse”; and

(C) malign financial influence operations, characterized as “misappropriation of technology and intellectual property, failure to appropriately disclose relationships with foreign government sponsored entities, breaches of contract and confidentiality, and manipulation of processes for fair and merit-based allocation of Federal research and development funding”.

(2) Chinese information warfare and malign influence operations are ongoing. In January 2019, the Director of National Intelligence, Dan Coats, stated, “China will continue to use legal, political, and economic levers—such as the lure of Chinese markets—to shape the information environment. It is also capable of using cyber attacks against systems in the United States to censor or suppress viewpoints it deems politically sensitive.”.

(3) In February 2020, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Christopher Wray, testified to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives that the People’s Republic of China has “very active maligned foreign influence efforts in this country,” with the goal of “trying to shift our policy and our public opinion to be more pro-China on a variety of issues”.

(4) The People’s Republic of China’s information warfare and malign influence operations continue to adopt new tactics and evolve in sophistication. In May 2020, the Special Envoy and Coordinator of the Global Engagement Center (GEC), Lea Gabrielle, stated that there was a convergence of Russian and Chinese narratives surrounding COVID–19 and that the GEC had “uncovered a new network of inauthentic Twitter accounts” that it assessed was “created with the intent to amplify Chinese propaganda and disinformation.” In June 2020, Google reported that Chinese hackers attempted to access email accounts of the campaign staff of a presidential candidate.

(5) Chinese information warfare and malign influence operations are a threat to the national security, democracy and the economic systems of the United States, its allies and partners. In October 2018, Vice President Mike Pence warned that “Beijing is employing a whole-of-government approach, using political, economic, and military tools, as well as propaganda, to advance its influence and benefit its interests in the United States.”.

(6) In February 2018, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Christopher Wray, testified to the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate that the People’s Republic of China is taking advantage of and exploiting the open research and development environments of U.S. institutions of higher education to utilize “professors, scientists and students” as “nontraditional collectors” of information.

(b) Presidential duties.—The President shall—

(1) carry out all appropriate measures to protect our democratic institutions and processes from malign influence from the People’s Republic of China and other foreign adversaries; and

(2) consistent with the policy specified in paragraph (1), direct the heads of the appropriate Federal departments and agencies to implement Acts of Congress to counter and deter Chinese and other foreign information warfare and malign influence operations without delay, including—

(A) section 1043 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232), which authorizes a coordinator position within the National Security Council for countering malign foreign influence operations and campaigns;

(B) section 228 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92), which authorizes additional research of foreign malign influence operations on social media platforms;

(C) section 847 of such Act, which requires the Secretary of Defense to modify contracting regulations regarding vetting for foreign ownership, control and influence in order to mitigate risks from malign foreign influence;

(D) section 1239 of such Act, which requires an update of the comprehensive strategy to counter the threat of malign influence to include the People’s Republic of China;