117th CONGRESS 1st Session |
To provide incentives for agricultural producers to carry out climate stewardship practices, to provide for increased reforestation across the United States, to establish the Coastal and Estuary Resilience Grant Program, and for other purposes.
April 12, 2021
Mr. Booker (for himself and Mrs. Gillibrand) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
To provide incentives for agricultural producers to carry out climate stewardship practices, to provide for increased reforestation across the United States, to establish the Coastal and Estuary Resilience Grant Program, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
(a) Short title.—This Act may be cited as the “Climate Stewardship Act of 2021”.
(b) Table of contents.—The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 101. Conservation reserve program.
Sec. 102. Environmental quality incentives program.
Sec. 103. Conservation stewardship program.
Sec. 104. Funding.
Sec. 105. Regional conservation partnership program.
Sec. 106. Funding for climate stewardship agriculture research.
Sec. 107. Conservation technical assistance.
Sec. 108. Rural Energy for America Program.
Sec. 109. Local Agriculture Market Program.
Sec. 110. Soil health equipment grant program.
Sec. 111. Farm and ranch stress assistance network.
Sec. 112. Assistance for community food projects.
Sec. 201. Reforestation Trust Fund.
Sec. 202. Reforest America Grant Program.
Sec. 203. Funding for the community forest and open space conservation program.
Sec. 204. Forest Stewardship Practice Program.
Sec. 205. Urban wood programs.
Sec. 206. Stewardship Corps.
Sec. 301. Definitions.
Sec. 302. Coastal and Estuary Resilience Grant Program.
Sec. 303. Data collection.
Sec. 304. Outreach and technical assistance.
Sec. 305. Annual restoration and funding.
Sec. 306. Prevailing wage requirement.
Sec. 307. Department of the Interior coastal wetland restoration; funding.
(a) Conservation reserve.—Section 1231 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831) is amended—
(i) in subparagraph (C), by striking “25,000,000” and inserting “28,000,000”;
(ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking “25,500,000 acres; and” and inserting “30,500,000 acres;”;
(iii) in subparagraph (E), by striking “27,000,000 acres.” and inserting “33,000,000 acres;”; and
(iv) by adding at the end the following:
“(F) fiscal year 2024, not more than 34,000,000 acres;
“(G) fiscal year 2025, not more than 35,000,000 acres;
“(H) fiscal year 2026, not more than 36,000,000 acres;
“(I) fiscal year 2027, not more than 37,000,000 acres;
“(J) fiscal year 2028, not more than 38,000,000 acres;
“(K) fiscal year 2029, not more than 39,000,000 acres; and
“(L) fiscal year 2030, not less than 40,000,000 acres.”;
(I) by striking “2,000,000” and inserting “4,600,000”; and
(II) by striking “2023” and inserting “2030”; and
(I) in subclause (II), by striking “and” at the end;
(II) in subclause (III), by striking “through 2023, 2,000,000 acres.” and inserting “and 2022, 2,000,000 acres;”; and
(III) by adding at the end the following:
“(IV) fiscal year 2023, 2,500,000 acres;
“(V) fiscal year 2024, 2,800,000 acres;
“(VI) fiscal year 2025, 3,100,000 acres;
“(VII) fiscal year 2026, 3,400,000 acres;
“(VIII) fiscal year 2027, 3,700,000 acres;
“(IX) fiscal year 2028, 4,000,000 acres;
“(X) fiscal year 2029, 4,300,000 acres; and
“(XI) fiscal year 2030, not less than 4,600,000 acres.”; and
(I) by striking “8,600,000” and inserting “17,700,000”; and
(II) by striking “2023” and inserting “2030”; and
(I) in subclause (III), by striking “8,500,000 acres; and” and inserting “10,000,000 acres;”; and
(II) by striking subclause (IV) and inserting the following:
“(IV) fiscal year 2022, 12,500,000 acres;
“(V) fiscal year 2023, 14,500,000 acres;
“(VI) fiscal year 2024, 15,500,000 acres;
“(VII) fiscal year 2025, 16,500,000 acres;
“(VIII) fiscal year 2026, 17,500,000 acres;
“(IX) fiscal year 2027, 18,500,000 acres;
“(X) fiscal year 2028, 19,500,000 acres; and
“(XI) fiscal years 2029 and 2030, 20,000,000 acres.”;
(2) in subsection (e)(1), by striking “, nor more than 15,”; and
(A) by striking paragraph (2); and
(B) by striking “consideration.—” in the subsection heading and all that follows through “On the” in paragraph (1) and inserting “consideration.—On the”.
(b) Conservation reserve enhancement program.—Section 1231A(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a(b)(2)(A)(i)) is amended by inserting “, including reducing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions or increasing carbon sequestration,” after “concerns”.
(a) Purposes.—Section 1240(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa(3)) is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (B), by striking “and” at the end;
(2) in subparagraph (C), by striking “and” at the end; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
“(D) reducing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions;
“(E) increasing carbon sequestration; and
“(F) adapting to, or mitigating against, increasing weather volatility; and”.
(b) Definitions.—Section 1240A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–1) is amended—
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (10) as paragraphs (2) through (11), respectively; and
(2) by inserting before paragraph (2) (as so redesignated) the following:
“(1) CLIMATE STEWARDSHIP PRACTICE.—The term ‘climate stewardship practice’ means any of the following practices:
“(A) Alley cropping.
“(B) Biochar incorporation.
“(C) Compost application.
“(D) Conservation activity plans.
“(E) Conservation cover.
“(F) Conservation crop rotation.
“(G) Contour buffer strips.
“(H) Contour farming.
“(I) Cover crops.
“(J) Critical area planting.
“(K) Cross wind trap strips.
“(L) Field borders.
“(M) Filter strips.
“(N) Forage and biomass planting, including the use of native prairie and seed mixtures.
“(O) Forest stand improvements.
“(P) Grassed waterways.
“(Q) Hedgerow planting.
“(R) Herbaceous wind barriers.
“(S) Irrigation water management.
“(T) Mulching to improve soil health.
“(U) Multistory cropping.
“(V) Nutrient management.
“(W) Pollinator or beneficial insect or monarch habitat establishment.
“(X) Prescribed grazing.
“(Y) Range planting.
“(Z) Residue and tillage management with no till.
“(AA) Residue and tillage management with reduced till.
“(BB) Riparian forest buffers.
“(CC) Riparian herbaceous buffers.
“(DD) Silvopasture establishment.
“(EE) Stripcropping.
“(FF) Tree and shrub establishment.
“(GG) Upland wildlife habitat.
“(HH) Vegetative barriers.
“(II) Wetland restoration.
“(JJ) Windbreak renovation.
“(KK) Windbreaks and shelterbelts.
“(LL) Woody residue treatment.
“(MM) Any other highly effective vegetative or management practice that significantly reduces agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, increases carbon sequestration, or assists producers in adapting to, or mitigating against, increasing weather volatility, as determined by the Secretary.”.
(c) Establishment and administration.—Section 1240B of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2) is amended—
(A) in subparagraph (F), by striking “or” at the end;
(B) in subparagraph (G), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(H) reductions in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions; or
“(I) long-term carbon sequestration.”; and
(aa) by striking “maintenance of incentive practices” and inserting the following: “maintenance of—
“(I) incentive practices”; and
(bb) in subclause (I) (as so designated), by striking the period at the end and inserting the following: “; or
“(II) 1 or more climate stewardship practices.”; and
(aa) in subclause (I), by inserting “, or climate stewardship practices to attain increased levels of carbon sequestration and reduced agricultural greenhouse gas emissions,” after “conservation”; and
(bb) in subclause (II), by inserting “or a climate stewardship practice” after “incentive practice”; and
(I) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, and indenting appropriately;
(II) in the matter preceding subclause (I) (as so redesignated), by striking “Notwithstanding section 1240C” and inserting the following:
“(i) INCENTIVE PRACTICES.—Notwithstanding section 1240C, in the case of applications for contracts under subparagraph (A)(i)(I)”; and
(III) by adding at the end the following:
“(ii) CLIMATE STEWARDSHIP PRACTICES.—Notwithstanding section 1240C, in the case of applications for contracts under subparagraph (A)(i)(II), the Secretary shall give priority to applications that contain the greatest number of climate stewardship practices.”; and
(i) in the paragraph heading, by inserting “and climate stewardship practice” after “Incentive practice”;
(ii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “or climate stewardship practices” after “incentive practices” each place it appears;
(iii) in subparagraph (B), by inserting “or climate stewardship practice” after “incentive practice” each place it appears; and
(iv) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by inserting “or a climate stewardship practice” after “incentive practice”.
(d) Limitation on payments.—Section 1240G of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–7) is amended—
(1) by striking “2018, or” and inserting “2018,”; and
(2) by inserting “the period of fiscal years 2024 through 2028, or the period of fiscal years 2029 through 2033,” before “regardless”.
(e) Conservation innovation grants and payments.—Section 1240H(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–8(c)) is amended—
(A) in subclause (VI), by striking “and” at the end; and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
“(VIII) practices that significantly increase carbon sequestration, reduce agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, or assist producers to adapt to, or mitigate against, increasing weather volatility; and”;
(2) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “through 2023” and inserting “and 2020, and $200,000,000 of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030”; and
(3) in paragraph (7), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)—
(A) by inserting “not less than $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030 of the” after “Using”; and
(B) by striking “a soil” and inserting “an ongoing soil”.
(a) Supplemental payments for climate stewardship practices.—Section 1240L(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(d)) is amended—
(1) in the subsection heading, by striking “Rotations and Advanced Grazing Management” and inserting “Rotations, Advanced Grazing Management, and Climate Stewardship Practices”;
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively; and
(B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:
“(B) CLIMATE STEWARDSHIP PRACTICE.—The term ‘climate stewardship practice’ means any of the following practices and enhancements associated with the following practices:
“(i) Alley cropping.
“(ii) Biochar incorporation.
“(iii) Compost application.
“(iv) Conservation activity plans.
“(v) Conservation cover.
“(vi) Conservation crop rotation.
“(vii) Contour buffer strips.
“(viii) Contour farming.
“(ix) Cover crops.
“(x) Critical area planting.
“(xi) Cross wind trap strips.
“(xii) Field borders.
“(xiii) Filter strips.
“(xiv) Forage and biomass planting, including the use of native prairie seed mixtures.
“(xv) Forest stand improvements.
“(xvi) Grassed waterways.
“(xvii) Hedgerow planting.
“(xviii) Herbaceous wind barriers.
“(xix) Irrigation water management.
“(xx) Mulching to improve soil health.
“(xxi) Multistory cropping.
“(xxii) Nutrient management, including nitrogen stewardship activities.
“(xxiii) Pollinator or beneficial insect or monarch habitat establishment.
“(xxiv) Prescribed grazing.
“(xxv) Range planting.
“(xxvi) Residue and tillage management with no till.
“(xxvii) Residue and tillage management with reduced till.
“(xxviii) Riparian forest buffers.
“(xxix) Riparian herbaceous buffers.
“(xxx) Silvopasture establishment.
“(xxxi) Stripcropping.
“(xxxii) Tree and shrub establishment, including planting for a high rate of carbon sequestration.
“(xxxiii) Upland wildlife habitat.
“(xxxiv) Vegetative barriers.
“(xxxv) Wetland restoration.
“(xxxvi) Windbreak renovation.
“(xxxvii) Windbreaks and shelterbelts.
“(xxxviii) Woody residue treatment.
“(xxxix) Any other vegetative or management conservation activity that significantly—
“(I) reduces greenhouse gas emissions;
“(II) increases carbon sequestration; or
“(III) enhances resilience to increased weather volatility.”;
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “or” at the end;
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(C) conservation activities relating to climate stewardship practices.”; and
(4) in paragraph (3), by striking “rotations or advanced grazing management” and inserting “rotations, advanced grazing management, or conservation activities relating to climate stewardship practices”.
(b) Payment limitations.—Section 1240L(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(f)) is amended by striking “fiscal years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “the period of fiscal years 2019 through 2023, the period of fiscal years 2024 through 2028, or the period of fiscal years 2029 through 2033”.
(a) Annual funding.—Section 1241(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)) is amended—
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2023” and inserting “2030”;
(A) in subparagraph (E), by striking “and” at the end;
(B) in subparagraph (F), by striking “through 2023.” and inserting “and 2020; and”; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(G) $900,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030.”; and
(i) in clause (iii), by striking “$1,800,000,000” and inserting “$3,800,000,000”;
(I) by striking “$1,850,000,000” and inserting “$4,850,000,000”; and
(II) by striking “and” at the end;
(iii) in clause (v), by striking “$2,025,000,000” and inserting “$6,025,000,000”; and
(iv) by adding at the end the following:
“(vi) $7,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2030; and”; and
(i) in clause (iii), by striking “$750,000,000” and inserting “$2,750,000,000”;
(I) by striking “$800,000,000” and inserting “$3,800,000,000”; and
(II) by striking “and” at the end;
(I) by striking “$1,000,000,000” and inserting “$5,000,000,000”; and
(II) by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
(iv) by adding at the end the following:
“(vi) $6,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
“(vii) $7,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2030.”.
(b) Availability of funds.—Section 1241(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(b)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2030”.
(c) Funding for climate stewardship practices.—Section 1241 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(k) Funding for climate stewardship practices.—
“(1) ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INCENTIVES PROGRAM.—
“(A) IN GENERAL.—Of the funds made available under subsection (a)(3)(A), the Secretary shall set aside the following amounts to be used exclusively for climate stewardship practices (as defined in section 1240A) under contracts under section 1240B(j)(2)(A)(i)(II):
“(i) $2,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2021.
“(ii) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
“(iii) $4,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.
“(iv) $5,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2030.
“(B) NONAPPLICABILITY OF ALLOCATION OF FUNDING.—Section 1240B(f) shall not apply to amounts set aside under subparagraph (A).
“(2) CONSERVATION STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM.—Of the funds made available under subsection (a)(3)(B), the Secretary shall set aside the following amounts to be used exclusively to enroll in the conservation stewardship program contracts comprised predominantly of conservation activities relating to climate stewardship practices (as defined in section 1240L(d)(1)) or bundles of practices comprised predominantly of conservation activities relating to climate stewardship practices (as so defined):
“(A) $2,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2021.
“(B) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
“(C) $4,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.
“(D) $5,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2030.
“(3) SET-ASIDES FOR SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED AND BEGINNING FARMERS AND RANCHERS.—Of the funds set aside under each of paragraphs (1) and (2), the Secretary shall allocate—
“(A) 5 percent to provide assistance to socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers (as defined in section 2501(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279(a))); and
“(B) 5 percent to provide assistance to beginning farmers and ranchers (as defined in that section (7 U.S.C. 2279(a))).”.
Section 1271D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871d) is amended by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
“(a) Availability of funds.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out the program—
“(1) $300,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2023;
“(2) $500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2025;
“(3) $750,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2027; and
“(4) $1,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2028 through 2030.”.
(a) Agriculture and Food Research Initiative.—Subsection (b) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(b)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (2), by adding at the end the following:
“(G) CLIMATE STEWARDSHIP.—Climate change mitigation through—
“(i) reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing resilience in the agricultural sector;
“(ii) increasing carbon sequestration;
“(iii) improving soil health; and
“(iv) increasing soil carbon levels.”; and
(A) by striking the paragraph heading and inserting “Funding.—”;
(i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “There is” and all that follows through “2023” and inserting “On the first October 1 after the date of enactment of the Climate Stewardship Act of 2021, and on each October 1 thereafter through October 1, 2029, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Secretary to carry out this subsection $830,000,000, to remain available until expended”;
(ii) in clause (i), by striking “and” at the end;
(iii) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and
(iv) by adding at the end the following:
“(iii) not less than 50 percent for each fiscal year shall be used to address the priority area described in paragraph (2)(G).”; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(C) RECEIPT AND ACCEPTANCE.—The Secretary shall be entitled to receive, shall accept, and shall use to carry out this subsection the funds transferred under subparagraph (A), without further appropriation.”.
(b) Agriculture Research Service climate stewardship funding.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary of Agriculture shall use $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030 to carry out, through the Administrator of the Agricultural Research Service, the research mission of the Department of Agriculture with respect to the issues described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subparagraph (G) of subsection (b)(2) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(b)(2)).
(2) SET-ASIDE.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall set aside 25 percent of the amounts made available by paragraph (1) for research relating to pulse crops, other legumes, and high-biomass crops.
(c) Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research.—Section 7601 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 5939) is amended—
(1) in subsection (c)(1)(D), by inserting after “environment” the following: “, including—
“(i) reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing resilience in the agricultural sector;
“(ii) increasing carbon sequestration;
“(iii) improving soil health; and
“(iv) increasing soil carbon levels”; and
(2) in subsection (g)(1)(A), by adding at the end the following:
“(iii) CLIMATE STEWARDSHIP FUNDING.—On the date of enactment of the Climate Stewardship Act of 2021, and each fiscal year thereafter through fiscal year 2030, of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall transfer to the Foundation $40,000,000 to advance the research mission of the Department with respect to the issues described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subsection (c)(1)(D), to remain available until expended.”.
(d) Sustainable agriculture research and extension projects.—Section 1621 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5811) is amended—
(A) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking “and” at the end;
(B) in paragraph (2)(E), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(A) reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing resilience in the agricultural sector;
“(B) increasing carbon sequestration;
“(C) improving soil health; and
“(D) increasing soil carbon levels.”; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
“(1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to amounts appropriated under section 1624, on the first October 1 after the date of enactment of the Climate Stewardship Act of 2021, and on each October 1 thereafter through October 1, 2029, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Secretary to carry out this section $74,000,000, to remain available until expended.
“(2) RECEIPT AND ACCEPTANCE.—The Secretary shall be entitled to receive, shall accept, and shall use to carry out this section the funds transferred under paragraph (1), without further appropriation.
“(3) CLIMATE STEWARDSHIP.—Of the funds made available under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall use not less than 50 percent to conduct projects described in subsection (a)(3).”.
(e) Organic agriculture research and extension initiative.—Section 1672B of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925b) is amended—
(A) in paragraph (7), by striking “and” at the end;
(B) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(9) (A) reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing resilience in the agricultural sector;
“(B) increasing carbon sequestration;
“(C) improving soil health; and
“(D) increasing soil carbon levels.”; and
(i) in subparagraph (C), by striking “and” at the end;
(ii) in subparagraph (E), by adding “and” at the end after the semicolon;
(iii) by striking subparagraphs (F) and (G); and
(iv) by adding at the end the following:
“(F) on the first October 1 after the date of enactment of the Climate Stewardship Act of 2021, and on each October 1 thereafter through October 1, 2029, $100,000,000.”; and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
“(4) CLIMATE STEWARDSHIP.—Of the funds made available under paragraph (1)(F), the Secretary shall use not less than 50 percent to support activities under this section for the purposes described in subsection (a)(9).”.
(f) Appropriate technology transfer for rural areas program.—Section 310B(i) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(i)) is amended—
(A) in subparagraph (C), by striking “and” at the end;
(B) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(E) reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase resilience in the agricultural sector;
“(F) increase carbon sequestration;
“(G) improve soil health; and
“(H) increase soil carbon levels.”; and
(2) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
“(A) IN GENERAL.—On the first October 1 after the date of enactment of the Climate Stewardship Act of 2021, and on each October 1 thereafter through October 1, 2029, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Secretary to carry out this subsection $5,600,000, to remain available until expended.
“(B) RECEIPT AND ACCEPTANCE.—The Secretary shall be entitled to receive, shall accept, and shall use to carry out this subsection the funds transferred under subparagraph (A), without further appropriation.
“(C) CLIMATE STEWARDSHIP.—Of the funds made available under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall use not less than 50 percent to provide assistance described in subparagraphs (E) through (H) of paragraph (2).”.
(g) Research under Hatch Act.—The Hatch Act of 1887 is amended by inserting after section 3 (7 U.S.C. 361c) the following:
“(1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to any amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 3, on the first October 1 after the date of enactment of the Climate Stewardship Act of 2021, and on each October 1 thereafter through October 1, 2029, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Secretary to carry out this Act $518,000,000, to remain available until expended.
“(2) RECEIPT AND ACCEPTANCE.—The Secretary shall be entitled to receive, shall accept, and shall use to carry out this Act the funds transferred under paragraph (1), without further appropriation.
“(b) Climate stewardship.—Of the funds made available under subsection (a)(1), not less than 50 percent shall be used for research relating to—
“(1) reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing resilience in—
“(A) the agricultural sector; and
“(B) communities;
“(2) increasing carbon sequestration;
“(3) improving soil health; and
“(4) increasing soil carbon levels.”.
(h) Activities under Smith-Lever Act.—The Smith-Lever Act is amended by inserting after section 3 (7 U.S.C. 343) the following:
“(1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to any amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 3, on the first October 1 after the date of enactment of the Climate Stewardship Act of 2021, and on each October 1 thereafter through October 1, 2029, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Secretary to carry out this Act $649,400,000, to remain available until expended.
“(2) 1994 INSTITUTIONS.—Of the funds transferred under paragraph (1), $19,400,000 shall be for payment on behalf of the 1994 Institutions (as defined in section 532 of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103–382)) for the purposes described in section 2, to be distributed in accordance with the process described in section 3(b)(3).
“(3) RECEIPT AND ACCEPTANCE.—The Secretary shall be entitled to receive, shall accept, and shall use to carry out this Act the funds transferred under paragraph (1), without further appropriation.
“(b) Climate stewardship.—Of the funds made available under subsection (a)(1), and of the funds designated for 1994 Institutions under subsection (a)(2), not less than 50 percent shall be used for activities relating to—
“(1) reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing resilience in—
“(A) the agricultural sector; and
“(B) communities;
“(2) increasing carbon sequestration;
“(3) improving soil health; and
“(4) increasing soil carbon levels.”.
(i) Extension at 1890 Land-Grant colleges, including Tuskegee University and the University of the District of Columbia.—Section 1444 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3221) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(A) IN GENERAL.—In addition to any amounts authorized to be appropriated under subsection (a), on the first October 1 after the date of enactment of the Climate Stewardship Act of 2021, and on each October 1 thereafter through October 1, 2029, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Secretary to carry out this section $200,000,000, to remain available until expended.
“(B) RECEIPT AND ACCEPTANCE.—The Secretary shall be entitled to receive, shall accept, and shall use to carry out this section the funds transferred under subparagraph (A), without further appropriation.
“(2) CLIMATE STEWARDSHIP.—Of the funds made available under paragraph (1)(A), not less than 50 percent shall be used for programs and activities relating to—
“(A) reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing resilience in the agricultural sector;
“(B) increasing carbon sequestration;
“(C) improving soil health; and
“(D) increasing soil carbon levels.”.
(j) Agricultural research at 1890 land-Grant colleges, including Tuskegee University and the University of the District of Columbia.—Section 1445 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(A) IN GENERAL.—In addition to any amounts authorized to be appropriated under subsection (a), on the first October 1 after the date of enactment of the Climate Stewardship Act of 2021, and on each October 1 thereafter through October 1, 2029, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Secretary to carry out this section $250,000,000, to remain available until expended.
“(B) RECEIPT AND ACCEPTANCE.—The Secretary shall be entitled to receive, shall accept, and shall use to carry out this section the funds transferred under subparagraph (A), without further appropriation.
“(2) CLIMATE STEWARDSHIP.—Of the funds made available under paragraph (1)(A), not less than 50 percent shall be used for research relating to—
“(A) reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing resilience in the agricultural sector;
“(B) increasing carbon sequestration;
“(C) improving soil health; and
“(D) increasing soil carbon levels.”.
(k) Nonland-Grant colleges of agriculture program.—Section 1473F of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319i) is amended—
(1) in subsection (a)(1)(A), by inserting after “agriculture” the following: “, including—
“(i) reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing resilience in the agricultural sector;
“(ii) increasing carbon sequestration;
“(iii) improving soil health; and
“(iv) increasing soil carbon levels;”; and
(2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
“(1) IN GENERAL.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030, to remain available until expended.
“(2) CLIMATE STEWARDSHIP.—Of the funds made available under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall use not less than 50 percent to conduct the activities described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subsection (a)(1)(A).”.
(1) FUNDS.—Public Law 87–788 (commonly known as the “McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act”) is amended by inserting after section 3 (16 U.S.C. 582a–2) the following:
“(1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to any amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 3, on the first October 1 after the date of enactment of the Climate Stewardship Act of 2021, and on each October 1 thereafter through October 1, 2029, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Secretary to carry out this Act $72,000,000, to remain available until expended.
“(2) RECEIPT AND ACCEPTANCE.—The Secretary shall be entitled to receive, shall accept, and shall use to carry out this Act the funds transferred under paragraph (1), without further appropriation.
“(b) Climate stewardship.—Of the funds made available under subsection (a)(1), not less than 50 percent shall be used for activities relating to—
“(1) reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing resilience in the agricultural sector;
“(2) increasing carbon sequestration;
“(3) improving soil health; and
“(4) increasing soil carbon levels.”.
(m) 1994 Institutions research.—Section 536 of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103–382) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to any amounts authorized to be appropriated under subsection (c), on the first October 1 after the date of enactment of the Climate Stewardship Act of 2021, and on each October 1 thereafter through October 1, 2029, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Secretary to carry out this section $11,400,000, to remain available until expended.
“(2) RECEIPT AND ACCEPTANCE.—The Secretary shall be entitled to receive, shall accept, and shall use to carry out this section the funds transferred under paragraph (1), without further appropriation.
“(3) CLIMATE STEWARDSHIP.—Of the funds made available under paragraph (1), not less than 50 percent shall be used for activities relating to—
“(A) reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing resilience in the agricultural sector;
“(B) increasing carbon sequestration;
“(C) improving soil health; and
“(D) increasing soil carbon levels.”.
Section 6 of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (16 U.S.C. 590f) is amended—
(1) by striking the section designation and heading and all that follows through “There is” in subsection (a) and inserting the following:
(2) in the undesignated matter following paragraph (2) (as so designated) of subsection (a), by striking “Appropriations” and inserting the following:
“(3) AVAILABILITY OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR NURSERY STOCK.—Appropriations”; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
“(c) Priority for socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers.—In using amounts made available by subsection (a)(1) for conservation technical assistance under this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall give priority to socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers (as defined in section 2501(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279(a))).”.
Section 9007 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8107) is amended—
(i) in clause (i)(II), by striking “and” at the end;
(ii) in clause (ii)(III), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and
(iii) by adding at the end the following:
“(iii) loan guarantees and grants to agricultural producers, rural small businesses, and farmer-owned cooperatives to carry out solar projects that include the creation of pollinator habitat.”;
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as paragraphs (3) through (5), respectively;
(C) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
“(2) PRIORITY.—In providing loan guarantees and grants under paragraph (1)(A), the Secretary shall give priority to solar projects that include the creation of pollinator habitat.”; and
(D) in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (4) (as so redesignated)—
(i) by striking “The amount” and inserting the following:
“(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in clause (ii), the amount”; and
(ii) by adding at the end the following:
“(ii) SOLAR PROJECTS.—The amount of a grant under paragraph (1)(A)(iii) shall not exceed 60 percent of the cost of the activity carried out using funds from the grant, including the cost of the creation of a pollinator habitat.”; and
(i) in subparagraph (D), by striking “and” at the end;
(ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking “for fiscal” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting “for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2020;”; and
(iii) by adding at the end the following:
“(F) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
“(G) $1,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
“(H) $2,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; and
“(I) $3,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2030.”; and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
“(4) SET-ASIDES FOR SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED AND BEGINNING FARMERS AND RANCHERS.—Of the funds made available under paragraph (1) for each fiscal year, the Secretary shall allocate—
“(A) 5 percent to provide assistance under this section to socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers (as defined in section 2501(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279(a))); and
“(B) 5 percent to provide assistance under this section to beginning farmers and ranchers (as defined in that section (7 U.S.C. 2279(a))).”.
Section 210A(i)(1) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1627c(i)(1)) is amended by striking “$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019” and inserting “$500,000,000 for fiscal year 2021”.
(a) Definitions.—In this section:
(1) ELIGIBLE LAND.—The term “eligible land” means land on which agricultural commodities, livestock, or forest-related products are produced.
(2) SECRETARY.—The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture.
(b) Establishment.—The Secretary shall establish a program under which the Secretary shall award grants to agricultural producers to acquire equipment for the purpose of implementing climate stewardship practices (as defined in section 1240A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–1)) on eligible land to increase soil health.
(c) Priority.—In providing grants under subsection (b), the Secretary shall give priority to equipment for—
(1) projects to carry out nonchemical termination of cover crops; and
(2) on-farm composting facilities.
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030.
(2) SET-ASIDES FOR SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED AND BEGINNING FARMERS AND RANCHERS.—Of the amount made available under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall set aside—
(A) 5 percent to provide assistance to socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers (as defined in section 2501(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279(a))); and
(B) 5 percent to provide assistance to beginning farmers and ranchers (as defined in that section (7 U.S.C. 2279(a))).
Section 7522 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 5936) is amended by striking subsection (d) and inserting the following:
“(d) Mandatory funding.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030.”.
Section 25 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2034) is amended—
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting “including amounts made available under subsection (i) to carry out this section,” after “Act,”; and
(B) in paragraph (2)(D), by striking “$5,000,000” and inserting “$25,000,000”;
(A) in paragraph (4), by striking “or” at the end;
(B) in paragraph (5)(C), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(6) address food security in urban low-income communities by making those communities more climate resilient through the creation or expansion of urban farms, community gardens, and rooftop gardens that grow produce for personal use or for local sale through farm stands, farmers’ markets, community supported agriculture subscriptions, and other delivery methods.”; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
“(i) Funding.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this section $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2030, to remain available until expended.”.
(a) In general.—Section 303 of Public Law 96–451 (16 U.S.C. 1606a) is amended—
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “Subject to” and all that follows through “the Secretary” and inserting “The Secretary”;
(B) by striking paragraph (2); and
(C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (2);
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)—
(i) by striking the subsection designation and all that follows through “The Secretary” and inserting the following:
“(d) Reforestation by Secretary of Agriculture.—The Secretary”; and
(ii) by striking “for”;
(i) by inserting “for” before “reforestation”; and
(ii) by striking “and” at the end;
(C) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (7);
(D) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
“(2) to the Chief of the Forest Service to reforest, in accordance with subsection (f), National Forest System land—
“(A) (i) that was subject to a mortality event caused by a high-intensity wildfire, pest infestation, invasive species, disease, or drought or other extreme weather event; or
“(ii) to reclaim abandoned mine land, an orphaned oil or gas well, or a decommissioned logging road or landing; and
“(B) that is determined to be in need of active reforestation based on field surveys assessing regeneration potential;
“(3) to carry out the Reforest America Grant Program established under section 6 of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978;
“(4) to carry out the Forest Stewardship Practice Program established under section 7B of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978;
“(5) to carry out the urban wood programs established under section 21 of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978;
“(6) to operate the Stewardship Corps established under section 206 of the Climate Stewardship Act of 2021”; and; and”; and
(E) in paragraph (7) (as so redesignated), by inserting “for” before “properly”; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
“(e) Reforestation by Secretary of the Interior.—The Secretary of the Interior shall obligate from amounts in the Trust Fund not more than $250,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030, as necessary to reforest, in accordance with subsection (f)—
“(A) (i) that was subject to a mortality event caused by a high-intensity wildfire, pest infestation, invasive species, disease, or drought or other extreme weather event; or
“(ii) to reclaim abandoned mine land, an orphaned oil or gas well, or a decommissioned logging road or landing; and
“(B) that is determined to be in need of active reforestation based on field surveys assessing regeneration potential and is managed by the Bureau of Land Management; and
“(2) land that is determined to be in need of active reforestation and is managed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, by planting—
“(A) to the maximum extent practicable, 12,500,000 trees in each of calendar years 2021 and 2022;
“(B) to the maximum extent practicable, 25,000,000 trees in each of calendar years 2023 and 2024;
“(C) to the maximum extent practicable, 37,500,000 trees in each of calendar years 2025 and 2026; and
“(D) to the maximum extent practicable, 50,000,000 trees in—
“(i) each of calendar years 2027 through 2029; and
“(ii) the period beginning on January 1, 2030, and ending on September 30, 2030.
“(1) DEFINITION OF CONNECTIVITY.—In this subsection, the term ‘connectivity’ means the degree to which the landscape facilitates native species movement.
“(A) IN GENERAL.—Reforestation under subsections (d)(2) and (e) shall consist of ecologically based site preparation, tree planting, and subsequent management using practices that—
“(i) are informed by climate change science and the importance of spatial pattern;
“(ii) enhance forest health, resilience, and biodiversity; and
“(iii) reduce vulnerability to future forest mortality and catastrophic wildfire.
“(B) POST-WILDFIRE REFORESTATION.—In the case of reforestation under subsections (d)(2) and (e), sums available in the Trust Fund shall not be used for post-wildfire salvage logging.
“(3) PRIORITY.—In carrying out reforestation under subsections (d)(2) and (e), the Chief of the Forest Service and the Secretary of the Interior, as applicable, shall give priority to planting—
“(A) that will restore and maintain resilient landscapes;
“(B) on land on which the planting provides increased habitat connectivity for wildlife; and
“(C) that will provide the largest potential long-term increase in carbon sequestration.
“(g) Mandatory funding.—To carry out paragraphs (2) through (6) of subsection (d) and subsection (e), the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer from the general fund of the Treasury into the Trust Fund $5,500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030.”.
(b) Regulations.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior shall issue regulations necessary to carry out the amendments made by this section.
The Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 is amended by inserting after section 5 (16 U.S.C. 2103a) the following:
“SEC. 6. Reforest America Grant Program.
“(a) Definitions.—In this section:
“(1) COMMUNITY OF COLOR.—The term ‘community of color’ means, in a State, a census block group in an urban area for which the aggregate percentage of residents who identify as Black, African-American, Asian, Pacific Islander, Hispanic, Latino, other nonwhite race, or linguistically isolated is—
“(A) not less than 50 percent; or
“(B) is significantly higher than the State average.
“(2) ELIGIBLE COST.—The term ‘eligible cost’ means, with respect to a project of an eligible entity under the Program—
“(A) the cost of implementing a reforestation project, including by—
“(i) planning and designing the reforestation activity, including considering relevant science;
“(ii) establishing tree nurseries;
“(iii) purchasing trees; and
“(iv) ecologically based site preparation, including the labor and cost associated with the use of machinery;
“(B) the cost of maintaining and monitoring planted trees for a period of up to 3 years to ensure successful establishment of the trees;
“(C) with respect to reforestation in an urban area under subsection (e) in a low income community that has an existing tree canopy cover of not more than 20 percent, not more than 50 percent of the cost of the maintenance of any nearby tree canopy; and
“(D) any other relevant cost, as determined by the Secretary.
“(3) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘eligible entity’ means—
“(A) a State agency;
“(B) a local governmental entity;
“(C) an Indian Tribe; and
“(D) a nonprofit organization.
“(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘eligible land’ means—
“(i) land owned in fee simple by an eligible entity—
“(I) (aa) for which, at the time of application to the Program under subsection (c), the forest stocking level of the land is less than 25 percent of regional norms for forest properties with comparable tree species and soil characteristics; and
“(bb) that is in need of active reforestation due to events such as—
“(AA) high-intensity wildfire;
“(BB) pest infestation;
“(CC) invasive species; and
“(DD) drought and other extreme weather; or
“(II) that was formerly forest land and has been abandoned or incompletely reclaimed from mining, commercial development, clearing for agriculture, or other nonforest use; and
“(ii) with respect to reforestation in an urban area under subsection (e), land in that urban area that is owned in fee simple by an eligible entity.
“(B) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘eligible land’ does not include land on which the eligible entity conducted a timber harvest—
“(i) not later than 5 years before the date on which the eligible entity submits an application under subsection (c); and
“(ii) that resulted in a forest stocking level described in subparagraph (A)(i)(I)(aa).
“(5) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘Indian Tribe’ has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
“(6) LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL ENTITY.—The term ‘local governmental entity’ means any municipal government or county government with jurisdiction over local land use decisions.
“(7) LOW INCOME COMMUNITY.—The term ‘low income community’ means any census block group in an urban area in which not less than 30 percent of the population lives below the poverty line (as defined in section 673 of the Community Services Block Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 9902)).
“(8) NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘nonprofit organization’ means an organization that—
“(A) is described in section 170(h)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and
“(B) operates in accordance with 1 or more of the purposes described in section 170(h)(4)(A) of that Code.
“(9) PROGRAM.—The term ‘Program’ means the Reforest America Grant Program established under subsection (b)(1).
“(10) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service.
“(11) URBAN AREA.—The term ‘urban area’ means an area identified by the Bureau of the Census as an ‘urban area’ in the most recent census.
“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a program, to be known as the ‘Reforest America Grant Program’, under which the Secretary shall award grants to eligible entities to conduct projects to reforest eligible land in accordance with this section.
“(2) REFORESTATION.—In carrying out the Program, the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, award sufficient grants each year to plant—
“(A) 50,000,000 trees in each of calendar years 2021 and 2022;
“(B) 100,000,000 trees in each of calendar years 2023 and 2024;
“(C) 150,000,000 trees in each of calendar years 2025 and 2026; and
“(i) each of calendar years 2027 through 2029; and
“(ii) the period beginning on January 1, 2030, and ending on September 30, 2030.
“(1) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity that seeks to receive a grant under the Program shall submit an application at such time, in such form, and containing such information as the Secretary may require, including the information described in paragraph (2), to—
“(A) the State forester or equivalent official of the State in which the eligible entity is located; or
“(B) in the case of an eligible entity that is an Indian Tribe, an official of the governing body of the Indian Tribe.
“(2) CONTENTS.—An application submitted under paragraph (1) shall include—
“(A) the reason that the forest stocking level of the land is less than 25 percent of regional norms for forest properties with comparable tree species and soil characteristics, if applicable;
“(B) the natural, economic, and environmental benefits of returning the eligible land to forested condition;
“(C) an estimate of the annual carbon sequestration that will be achieved by the replanted forests, using processes determined by the Secretary;
“(D) a reforestation plan that includes—
“(i) a list of expected eligible costs;
“(ii) a description of the site preparation and the tree species to be planted;
“(iii) a description of the manner in which the design of the project is informed by climate change science and will enhance forest health, resilience, and biodiversity;
“(iv) an explanation of the manner in which the land will be maintained for 36 months after planting to ensure successful establishment; and
“(v) an explanation of the manner in which the land will be managed later than 36 months after planting, including whether that management shall include a timber harvest;
“(E) in the case of an application for an urban reforestation project under subsection (e)—
“(i) a description of the manner in which the tree planting shall address disparities in local environmental quality, such as lower tree canopy cover; and
“(ii) a description of the anticipated community and stakeholder engagement in the project; and
“(F) any other relevant information required by the Secretary.
“(3) APPLICATIONS TO SECRETARY.—Each official that receives an application under paragraph (1) shall submit the application to the Secretary with a description of the application and any other relevant information that the Secretary may require.
“(1) DEFINITION OF CONNECTIVITY.—In this subsection, the term ‘connectivity’ means the degree to which the landscape facilitates native species movement.
“(2) PRIORITY.—In awarding grants under the Program, the Secretary shall give priority—
“(A) to projects that provide the largest potential increase in carbon sequestration per dollar;
“(B) to projects that provide increased habitat connectivity for wildlife;
“(C) to projects under which an eligible entity will enter into a contract or cooperative agreement with 1 or more qualified youth or conservation corps (as the term is defined in section 203 of Public Law 91–378 (commonly known as the ‘Youth Conservation Corps Act of 1970’) (16 U.S.C. 1722)); and
“(D) in the case of urban reforestation projects under subsection (e), to projects that—
“(i) are located in a community of color or a low-income community;
“(ii) are located in a neighborhood with poor local environmental quality, including lower tree canopy cover and higher maximum daytime summer temperatures;
“(iii) are located in a neighborhood with high amounts of senior citizens or children;
“(iv) are located immediately adjacent to large numbers of residents;
“(v) will collaboratively engage neighbors and community members that will be closely affected by the tree planting in as many aspects of project development and implementation as possible; and
“(vi) will employ a substantial percentage of the workforce locally, with a focus on engaging unemployed and underemployed persons in communities of color and low-income communities.
“(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the Program, the Secretary shall award sufficient grants each year to projects carried out in urban areas to plant, to the maximum extent practicable—
“(A) 5,000,000 trees in each of calendar years 2021 through 2023;
“(B) 10,000,000 trees in each of calendar years 2024 through 2027; and
“(C) 15,000,000 trees in each of calendar years 2028 through 2030.
“(2) FEDERAL SHARE.—The Secretary shall award a grant to an eligible entity under the Program to conduct a reforestation project in an urban area in an amount equal to not more than 90 percent of the cost of reforesting the eligible land, as determined by the Secretary.
“(3) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—As a condition of receiving a grant described in paragraph (2), an eligible entity shall provide, in cash or through in-kind contributions from non-Federal sources, matching funds in an amount equal to not less than 10 percent of the cost of reforesting the eligible land, as determined by the Secretary.
“(f) Prohibited conversion to nonforest use.—
“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), an eligible entity that receives a grant under the Program shall not sell or convert land that was reforested under the Program to nonforest use.
“(2) REIMBURSEMENT OF FUNDS.—An eligible entity that receives a grant under this Program and sells or converts land that was reforested under the Program to nonforest use shall pay to the Federal Government an amount equal to the greater of—
“(A) the amount of the grant; and
“(B) the current appraised value of timber stocks on that land.
“(3) LOSS OF ELIGIBILITY.—An eligible entity that receives a grant under this Program and sells or converts land that was reforested under the Program to nonforest use shall not be eligible for additional grants under the Program.
“(1) FEDERAL SHARE.—Unless otherwise provided under this section, the Secretary shall award a grant to an eligible entity under the Program in an amount equal to not more than 75 percent of the cost of reforesting the eligible land, as determined by the Secretary.
“(2) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—Unless otherwise provided under this section, as a condition of receiving a grant under the Program, an eligible entity shall provide, in cash or through in-kind contributions from non-Federal sources, matching funds in an amount equal to not less than 25 percent of the cost of reforesting the eligible land, as determined by the Secretary.
“(h) Planting survival.—An eligible entity that receives a grant under the Program shall—
“(1) not later than 36 months after planting has been completed using the grant funds, submit to the responsible State or Tribal official, as applicable, a monitoring report that describes project implementation, including the survival rate of all plantings made under the grant; and
“(2) if the survival rate reported in the monitoring report under paragraph (1) is, after 36 months, less than the required minimum survival rate for the geographic area in which the planting is located, as determined by a State forester or equivalent State or Tribal official, as applicable, replant tree seedlings in a quantity equivalent to half of the original planting, using comparable means to the original planting.
“(i) Prevailing wage requirement.—Any contractor or subcontractor entering into a service contract in connection with a project under the Program shall—
“(1) be treated as a Federal contractor or subcontractor for purposes of chapter 67 of title 41, United States Code (commonly known as the ‘McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act of 1965’); and
“(2) pay each class of employee employed by the contractor or subcontractor wages and fringe benefits at rates in accordance with prevailing rates for the class in the locality, or, where a collective-bargaining agreement covers the employee, in accordance with the rates provided for in the agreement, including prospective wage increases provided for in the agreement.
“(j) Report.—The Secretary shall annually submit to the relevant committees of Congress a report that describes the activities of the Program, including the total amount of carbon sequestered by replanted forests during the year covered by the report.
“(1) IN GENERAL.—Of the funds of the Reforestation Trust Fund established under section 303 of Public Law 96–451 (16 U.S.C. 1606a), the Secretary shall use such sums as are necessary to carry out the Program.
“(2) ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—Of the funds used under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall allocate not more than 10 percent for each fiscal year to State foresters or equivalent officials, including equivalent officials of Indian Tribes, for administrative costs and technical assistance under the Program.”.
In addition to amounts otherwise made available, of the funds of the Reforestation Trust Fund established under section 303 of Public Law 96–451 (16 U.S.C. 1606a), the Secretary of Agriculture shall use $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030 to carry out the community forest and open space conservation program established under section 7A of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2103d).
The Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 is amended by inserting after section 7A (16 U.S.C. 2103d) the following:
“SEC. 7B. Forest Stewardship Practice Program.
“(a) In general.—The Secretary shall establish a Forest Stewardship Practice Program (referred to in this section as the ‘program’) to provide funding to carry out forest practices determined by the Secretary to increase carbon sequestration and storage on private forest land, including extended timber harvest rotations.
“(b) Practices and payment rates.—The Secretary shall—
“(1) establish a schedule of eligible forest practices and payment rates under the program, calibrated to forest type and other relevant considerations; and
“(2) update the schedule established under paragraph (1) annually with statistical sampling of projects funded under the program.
“(c) Priority.—In awarding funding under the program, the Secretary shall give priority to projects that incentivize the largest quantity of carbon sequestration and storage by—
“(1) increasing timber harvest intervals; and
“(2) removing less carbon during timber harvest operations.
“(d) Funding.—Of the funds of the Reforestation Trust Fund established under section 303 of Public Law 96–451 (16 U.S.C. 1606a), the Secretary shall use not more than $1,000,000,000 for each fiscal year to carry out this section.”.
(a) In general.—The Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2101 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“SEC. 21. Urban wood programs.
“(a) Definitions.—In this section:
“(1) INNOVATIVE URBAN WOOD PRODUCT.—The term ‘innovative urban wood product’ means a wood product that uses wood residues and byproducts from urban forest management, building deconstruction, and other related sources of wood generated in urban areas.
“(2) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary, acting through the Research and Development Deputy Area and the State and Private Forestry Deputy Area of the Forest Service.
“(3) WOOD PRODUCT.—The term ‘wood product’ includes—
“(A) building material made of wood;
“(B) a durable home product made of wood; and
“(C) a woody residue used for bioenergy.
“(b) Urban wood research and development program.—
“(1) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—In this subsection, the term ‘eligible entity’ means—
“(A) a unit of State, Tribal, or local government;
“(B) a land-grant college or university (as defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) or other institution of higher education;
“(C) a nonprofit organization; and
“(D) any other entity, as determined by the Secretary.
“(2) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall establish a program to facilitate the use of innovative urban wood products in incorporated cities and towns in the United States by—
“(A) conducting performance-driven research and development relating to the potential sources and uses of urban wood products;
“(B) providing education and technical assistance to eligible entities relating to the potential sources and uses of urban wood products; and
“(C) awarding grants under paragraph (5).
“(3) COLLABORATION.—In carrying out the program established under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall obtain input and guidance from, and collaborate with—
“(A) the wood products industry;
“(B) conservation organizations;
“(C) community organizations; and
“(D) institutions of higher education.
“(4) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION, AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary shall carry out subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2) at the Forest Products Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture or through the State and Private Forestry Deputy Area in a manner that meets the needs of municipalities, private companies, trade and technical schools, and other entities that work with urban wood.
“(5) GRANTS.—After obtaining input and guidance from the entities described in paragraph (3), the Secretary shall award grants on a competitive basis to eligible entities to conduct research and development and provide education and technical assistance that—
“(A) increases the use of urban wood; and
“(B) provides increased employment opportunities in the urban wood industry and related fields.
“(6) PRIORITIES.—In carrying out the program established under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall give priority to projects and activities that—
“(A) (i) identify new products that can be created from urban wood; or
“(ii) improve on existing processes to produce innovative urban wood products with greater efficiency and quality;
“(B) facilitate improved commercialization of innovative urban wood products;
“(C) engage unemployed and underemployed persons in disadvantaged communities in worker training, full-time employment, and incubation of new commercial enterprises; and
“(D) increase the carbon mitigation benefit of the management of urban wood, as measured by the lifecycle environmental footprint of a wood product or production process, beginning with the collection of raw urban wood materials and ending with the manufacturing process.
“(7) TIMEFRAME.—To the maximum extent practicable, the measurable performance goals for the research and development, education, and technical assistance conducted under the program established under paragraph (2) shall be achievable within a 10-year timeframe beginning on the date of establishment of the program.
“(c) Urban wood building competition.—Beginning in fiscal year 2021, the Secretary shall carry out an annual competition, in accordance with section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719), for—
“(1) innovative urban wood products and manufacturing processes; or
“(2) other innovative wood product demonstrations.
“(d) Funding.—Of the funds of the Reforestation Trust Fund established under section 303 of Public Law 96–451 (16 U.S.C. 1606a), the Secretary shall use $35,000,000 each fiscal year to carry out this section.”.
(b) Urban wood innovation grants.—Section 8643 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7655d) is amended—
(A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
“(2) INNOVATIVE URBAN WOOD PRODUCT.—The term ‘innovative urban wood product’ means a wood product that uses wood residues and byproducts from urban forest management, building deconstruction, and other related sources of wood generated in urban areas.”;
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “(October 20, 2015)), may” and inserting the following: “(October 20, 2015))—
“(A) may”;
(B) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(B) shall, to the maximum extent practicable, award 1 or more wood innovation grants each year to eligible entities for the purpose of advancing the use of innovative urban wood products.”; and
(3) in subsection (c), by striking “under subsection (b)(2)” and inserting “for grants under subsection (b)(1)(A)”.
(a) In general.—The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the “Secretary”), in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, shall establish a civilian conservation corps, to be known as the “Stewardship Corps” (referred to in this section as the “Stewardship Corps”), to provide youth with the academic, vocational, and social skills necessary to pursue long term, productive careers in the forest sector and the wetland restoration sector.
(b) Priority requirement.—To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall prioritize recruitment for the Stewardship Corps of youth from—
(1) low-income communities;
(2) indigenous communities; and
(3) communities of color.
(c) Reforestation and restoration on Federal land.—To the maximum extent practicable, members of the Stewardship Corps shall perform—
(1) (A) in each of calendar years 2021 through 2025, not less than 20 percent of the reforestation required under subsections (d)(2) and (e) of section 303 of Public Law 96–451 (16 U.S.C. 1606a); and
(B) in calendar years 2026 and each calendar year thereafter, not less than 40 percent of the reforestation described in subparagraph (A); and
(2) (A) in each of calendar years 2021 through 2025, not less than 20 percent of the wetlands restoration required under section 307; and
(B) in calendar year 2026 and each calendar year thereafter, not less than 40 percent of the wetlands restoration described in subparagraph (A).
(d) Duration of participation.—An individual shall serve in the Stewardship Corps for not more than 2 years.
(e) Housing and care.—The Secretary shall provide to each member of the Stewardship Corps housing, subsistence, clothing, medical attention (including hospitalization), transportation, and a cash allowance, as determined necessary by the Secretary.
(f) Compensation.—Members of the Stewardship Corps shall be paid at a rate in accordance with the prevailing rate for a similar class of Federal employees in the locality.
(g) Job placement.—The Secretary shall assist members of the Stewardship Corps with obtaining employment in the forest sector and the wetlands restoration sector on the completion of service under the Stewardship Corps.
In this title:
(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term “Administrator” means the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
(2) COASTAL WETLAND.—The term “coastal wetland” means estuarine vegetated coastal habitat, including salt marsh, seagrass, mangrove, and other vegetated marine habitats.
(3) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term “Indian Tribe” has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
(4) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given that term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).
(5) NATURAL INFRASTRUCTURE.—The term “natural infrastructure” means infrastructure that—
(A) uses, restores, or emulates natural ecological processes; and
(B) (i) is created through the action of natural physical, geological, biological, and chemical processes over time;
(ii) is created by human design, engineering, and construction to emulate or act in concert with natural processes; or
(iii) involves the use of plants, soils, and other natural features, including through the creation, restoration, or preservation of vegetated areas using materials appropriate to the area.
(6) NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION.—The term “nonprofit organization” means an organization that is described in section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code.
(7) PROGRAM.—The term “Program” means the Coastal and Estuary Resilience Grant Program as established by section 302.
(8) RESTORATION.—The term “restoration” means renewing, enhancing, or replacing degraded, damaged, vulnerable, or destroyed wetlands to improve the ecosystem function and resilience through active human intervention and action, such as—
(A) improving hydrological conditions (such as by removing tidal barriers, improving connectivity, or changing water levels);
(B) altering sediment supply (such as through the beneficial use of dredge material, thin-layer spraying, or reconnecting river sediment);
(C) changing salinity characteristics;
(D) improving water quality (such as by reducing excess nutrients, sedimentation, or contaminants);
(E) planting of native plants, removal of invasive species, and other improved management practices;
(F) controlling erosion of wetland edges; and
(G) enabling future inland migration as sea levels rise, including through the enhancement of adjacent fresh water wetlands.
(9) STATE.—The term “State” means a State, the District of Columbia, or any territory or possession of the United States.
(a) Establishment.—The Secretary of Commerce shall establish a program, to be known as the “Coastal and Estuary Resilience Grant Program”, under which the Secretary awards grants to entities that eligible under subsection (b) to fund coastal wetland restoration projects that are eligible under subsection (c).
(b) Eligible entities.—An entity is eligible to apply for a grant under the Program if the entity is an institution of higher education, a nonprofit organization, a State or local government, or an Indian Tribe.
(c) Eligible projects.—A project is eligible for a grant under the Program if the project is designed to reduce net greenhouse gases through one of the following:
(1) The sequestration of additional carbon dioxide through—
(A) the active restoration of degraded coastal wetland; and
(B) the protection of threatened coastal wetland.
(2) The halting of ongoing carbon dioxide emissions, and the resumption of the natural rate of carbon capture, through the restoration of drained coastal wetland.
(3) The halting of ongoing methane emissions, and the resumption of the natural rate of carbon storage, through the restoration of formerly tidal wetland that has lost tidal connectivity and become fresh wetland (commonly known as “impounded wetland”).
(d) Grant evaluation criteria.—In reviewing applications for grants under the Program, the Secretary shall give priority to projects that exhibit the highest potential to—
(1) mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by—
(A) reducing greenhouse gas emissions; or
(B) capturing and storing greenhouse gases;
(2) reinforce ecosystem resilience and adaptation by—
(A) preparing for sea level rise in order to reduce vulnerability to sea level rise and erosion;
(B) supporting resilience against flooding and sea level rise; or
(C) restoring or enhancing ecosystem function; or
(3) provide economic and social co-benefits by—
(A) reducing the potential impact and damage of storms on the built environment;
(B) advancing environmental justice by reducing the disproportionate impacts of environmental hazards on communities of color, indigenous communities, and low-income communities;
(C) providing jobs in coastal communities;
(D) including elements of natural infrastructure;
(E) incorporating collaborative partnerships; or
(F) involving local communities in project planning and implementation.
(1) INCLUSION IN APPLICATIONS.—An eligible entity under subsection (b) may include in an application for a grant under the Program a commitment to provide non-Federal resources (including in-kind contributions and volunteer hours) to match the amount of grant.
(2) CONSIDERATION.—In reviewing an application for a grant under the Program, the Secretary may consider the inclusion of a commitment under paragraph (1) but may not require such a commitment as a condition of receiving a grant.
(f) Eligible costs.—A grant awarded under the Program shall be available for all phases of the development, implementation, and monitoring of projects that are eligible under subsection (c), including—
(1) preliminary community engagement, planning, and prioritization;
(2) preliminary design and site assessment, including—
(A) assessments of feasibility;
(B) planning; and
(C) community engagement;
(3) final design and permitting;
(4) restoration and project implementation; and
(5) monitoring, reporting, and stewardship.
(1) IN GENERAL.—An entity that receives a grant under the Program for a project shall—
(A) collect data on the development and implementation of the project and stewardship following completion of the project; and
(B) submit that data to the Administrator for inclusion in the database required by section 303(a).
(2) REPORT AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION.—Not later than 1 year after the completion of a project for which a grant is provided under the Program, the entity that received the grant shall submit to the Administrator a report on the outputs, outcomes, and impacts of the project, including with respect to—
(A) the amount of area restored;
(B) the estimated net climate benefit;
(C) benefits to nearby communities; and
(D) involvement of partners and communities.
(h) Monitoring.—The Secretary shall establish guidelines providing for monitoring a project for which a grant is provided under the Program for the 10-year period after the grant is awarded.
(i) Role of National Fish and Wildlife Foundation.—In carrying out the Program, the Secretary may consult, partner, or otherwise coordinate with the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation established by section 2(a) of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Establishment Act (16 U.S.C. 3701(a)).
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall maintain a coastal wetland restoration database to collect information about projects that receive grants under the Program.
(2) DESIGN.—The Administrator shall design the database required by paragraph (1) to collect performance metrics on the development and implementation of projects that receive grants under the Program and stewardship following completion of such projects to evaluate the success of those projects and inform the design of future projects in an adaptive manner.
(3) INCLUDED METRICS.—The database required by paragraph (1) shall include standardized metrics for reporting such as—
(A) acres restored, protected, or created;
(B) habitat type;
(C) restoration technique;
(D) estimated net greenhouse gas reduction effect;
(E) jobs created;
(F) quantified ecosystem services; and
(G) other metrics selected by the Administrator.
(4) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Administrator shall make products of the database publicly available and disseminate important findings to the public.
(5) PRIVACY.—To protect the privacy of private landowners, the Administrator shall ensure that any data collected from private landowners under this section are anonymized before the data are made publicly available.
(b) Inventory of coastal wetland.—The Administrator shall compile an inventory of coastal wetland.
The Administrator shall establish a technical assistance program to help entities outside of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in all phases of coastal wetland restoration project work, including outreach to potential applicants for grants under section 302.
(a) Acreage requirements.—To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary of Commerce shall award grants under the Program to conduct coastal wetland restoration on 1,500,000 acres over 10 years, as follows:
(1) On 50,000 acres in each of fiscal years 2021 and 2022.
(2) On 100,000 acres in each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024.
(3) On 150,000 acres in each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026.
(4) On 225,000 acres in each of fiscal years 2027 through 2030.
(1) IN GENERAL.—On October 1 of each fiscal year, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Secretary of Commerce to provide grants under the Program, to remain available until expended—
(A) $1,250,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 and 2022;
(B) $2,500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024;
(C) $3,750,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026; and
(D) $5,625,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2030.
(2) RECEIPT AND ACCEPTANCE.—The Secretary of Commerce shall be entitled to receive, shall accept, and shall use to provide grants under the Program in accordance with paragraph (1) the funds transferred under that paragraph, without further appropriation.
(c) Supplement not supplant.—The amount authorized to be appropriated by subsection (a) shall supplement and not supplant other amounts available to the Secretary of Commerce.
Any contractor or subcontractor entering into a service contract in connection with a project under the Program shall—
(1) be treated as a Federal contractor or subcontractor for purposes of chapter 67 of title 41, United States Code (commonly known as the “McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act of 1965”); and
(2) pay each class of employee employed by the contractor or subcontractor wages and fringe benefits at rates in accordance with prevailing rates for the class in the locality, or, where a collective-bargaining agreement covers the employee, in accordance with the rates provided for in the agreement, including prospective wage increases provided for in the agreement.
(a) In general.—The Secretary of the Interior shall conduct coastal wetland restoration on land managed by the Secretary of the Interior to achieve at least 1 of the following:
(1) The sequestration of additional carbon dioxide through—
(A) the active restoration of degraded coastal wetland; and
(B) the protection of threatened coastal wetland.
(2) The halting of ongoing carbon dioxide emissions, and the resumption of the natural rate of carbon capture, through the restoration of drained coastal wetland.
(3) The halting of ongoing methane emissions, and the resumption of the natural rate of carbon storage, through the restoration of formerly tidal wetland that has lost tidal connectivity and become fresh wetland (commonly known as “impounded wetland”).
(b) Acreage requirements.—To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary of the Interior shall conduct coastal wetland restoration under subsection (a)—
(1) on land managed by the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service—
(A) on 10,000 acres in each of fiscal years 2021 and 2022;
(B) on 20,000 acres in each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024; and
(C) on 30,000 acres in fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter; and
(2) on land managed by the Director of the National Park Service—
(A) on 10,000 acres in each of fiscal years 2021 and 2022;
(B) on 20,000 acres in each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024;
(C) on 40,000 acres in each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026;
(D) on 80,000 acres in each of fiscal years 2027 and 2028; and
(E) on 160,000 acres in each of fiscal years 2029 and 2030.
(1) IN GENERAL.—On October 1 of each fiscal year, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Secretary of the Interior to carry out this section, to remain available until expended—
(A) for coastal wetland restoration on land managed by the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service—
(i) $250,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 and 2022;
(ii) $500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024; and
(iii) $750,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2030; and
(B) for coastal wetland restoration on land managed by the Director of the National Park Service—
(i) $250,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 and 2022;
(ii) $500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024;
(iii) $1,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026;
(iv) $2,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 and 2028; and
(v) $4,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2029 and 2030.
(2) RECEIPT AND ACCEPTANCE.—The Secretary of the Interior shall be entitled to receive, shall accept, and shall use to carry out this section in accordance with paragraph (1) the funds transferred under that paragraph, without further appropriation.