This Act may be cited as the “Conservation Reserve Program Reform Act of 2023”.

(a) In general.—Section 1231(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(a)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2028”.

(b) Eligible land.—Section 1231(b)(1)(B) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(b)(1)(B)) is amended by striking “the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018” and inserting “the Conservation Reserve Program Reform Act of 2023”.

(c) Enrollment.—Section 1231(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(d)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) in subparagraph (D), by striking “and” at the end;

(B) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(F) fiscal years 2024 through 2028, not more than 24,000,000 acres.”;

(2) in paragraph (2)(A)—

(A) in clause (i)—

(i) by striking “2,000,000” and inserting “8,000,000”; and

(ii) by striking “2023” and inserting “2028”; and

(B) in clause (ii), by striking subclauses (I) through (III) and inserting the following:

“(I) fiscal year 2024, 4,000,000 acres;

“(II) fiscal year 2025, 6,000,000 acres; and

“(III) fiscal years 2025 through 2028, 8,000,000 acres.”; and

(3) in paragraph (6)—

(A) in subparagraph (A)—

(i) in clause (i)(III), by striking “and” at the end;

(ii) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

“(iii) the farmable wetland program under section 1231B; and

“(iv) the CLEAR 30 and soil health and income protection programs under subsections (a) and (b), respectively, of section 1231C.”; and

(B) in subparagraph (B)—

(i) in clause (i)—

(I) by striking “8,600,000” and inserting “11,000,000”; and

(II) by striking “2023” and inserting “2028”; and

(ii) in clause (ii), by striking subclauses (I) through (IV) and inserting the following:

“(I) fiscal year 2024, 8,000,000 acres;

“(II) fiscal year 2025, 9,000,000 acres;

“(III) fiscal year 2026, 10,000,000 acres; and

“(IV) fiscal years 2027 and 2028, 11,000,000 acres.”.

(d) Duration of contract.—Section 1231(e) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(e)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “For the purpose” and inserting “Except as provided in paragraph (3), for the purpose”;

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “paragraph (1),” and inserting “paragraph (1) or (3), as applicable,”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

“(3) LAND ENROLLED AFTER OCTOBER 1, 2023.—With respect to a contract under this subchapter that is entered into on or after October 1, 2023, that enrolls land under paragraph (2) or (6) of subsection (d), the term of the contract shall be not less than 15, and not more than 30, years.”.

Section 1231B(a)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831b(a)(1)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2028”.

(a) CLEAR 30.—Section 1231C(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c(a)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking “pilot”; and

(2) in paragraph (7)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “30 annual”; and

(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking “annual”.

(b) SHIPP.—Section 1231C(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c(b)) is amended—

(1) in the subsection heading, by striking “pilot”;

(2) by striking “pilot” each place it appears;

(3) in paragraph (1)(A)(ii)—

(A) by striking subclause (I); and

(B) by redesignating subclauses (II) and (III) as subclauses (I) and (II), respectively; and

(4) in paragraph (2)—

(A) by striking the paragraph designation and heading and all that follows through “The Secretary” in subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:

“(2) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary”; and

(B) by striking subparagraph (B).

(c) Conforming amendment.—Section 1231C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c) is amended by striking the section heading and inserting “CLEAR 30 and SHIPP.”.

Section 1233(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(d)) is amended—

(a) Timing.—Section 1234(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(a)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2), by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(3) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so redesignated), by striking “The Secretary” and inserting the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary”; and

(4) by adding at the end the following:

“(2) ALLOCATION OF PAYMENTS FOR 30-YEAR CONTRACTS.—Of the total amount of the payments under a contract enrolled under this subchapter for a term of 30 years, the Secretary shall provide—

“(A) not later than the end of the first year of the contract, ⁵⁄30 of that total amount; and

“(B) with respect to each of the sixth through thirtieth years of the contract, ¹⁄30 of that total amount.”.

(b) Cost-Sharing payments.—Section 1234(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(b)) is amended by striking “50” each place it appears and inserting “75”.

(c) Annual rental payments.—Section 1234(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2)(B)(i)—

(A) by striking “85” and inserting “75”; and

(B) by striking “90” and inserting “110”; and

(2) in paragraph (4)(E)—

(A) in clause (i), by striking “85” and inserting “75”; and

(B) in clause (ii), by striking “90” and inserting “110”.

Section 1235(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following: