This Act may be cited as the “Covering Life-saving Investigations Needed in Cancer and Other Life-threatening Conditions through Timely use of Resources for Easy and Affordable Treatment from Medicaid for Enrollees in Need Today Act” or the “CLINICAL TREATMENT Act”.

(a) In general.—Section 1905 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396d) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (28), by striking “and” at the end;

(B) by redesignating paragraph (29) as paragraph (30); and

(C) by inserting after paragraph (28) the following new paragraph:

“(29) subject to subsection (ee), routine patient costs for items and services furnished in connection with participation in a qualifying clinical trial (as defined in such subsection); and”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(ee) (1) ROUTINE PATIENT COSTS.—For purposes of subsection (a)(29), with respect to a State and an individual enrolled under the State plan (or a waiver of such plan) who participates in a qualifying clinical trial, routine patient costs—

“(A) include any item or service provided to the individual under the qualifying clinical trial, including any item or service provided to prevent, diagnose, or treat complications resulting from such participation, to the extent that the provision of such an item or service to the individual outside the course of such participation would otherwise be covered under the State plan (or waiver); and

“(B) does not include—

“(i) the investigational item or service that is the subject of the qualifying clinical trial; or

“(ii) an item or service that is provided to the individual solely to satisfy data collection and analysis needs for the qualifying clinical trial and is not used in the direct clinical management of the individual.

“(2) Qualifying clinical trial defined.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of this subsection and subsection (a)(29), the term ‘qualifying clinical trial’ means a phase I, phase II, phase III, or phase IV clinical trial that is conducted in relation to the prevention, detection, or treatment of cancer or any other life-threatening condition and is described in any of the following clauses:

“(i) The study or investigation is approved or funded (which may include funding through in-kind contributions) by one or more of the following:

“(I) The National Institutes of Health.

“(II) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“(III) The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

“(IV) The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

“(V) A cooperative group or center of any of the entities described in subclauses (I) through (IV) or the Department of Defense or the Department of Veterans Affairs.

“(VI) A qualified non-governmental research entity identified in the guidelines issued by the National Institutes of Health for center support grants.

“(VII) Any of the following if the conditions described in subparagraph (B) are met:

“(aa) The Department of Veterans Affairs.

“(bb) The Department of Defense.

“(cc) The Department of Energy.

“(ii) The clinical trial is conducted under an investigational new drug application reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration.

“(iii) The clinical trial is a drug trial that is exempt from having such an investigational new drug application.

“(B) CONDITIONS.—For purposes of subparagraph (A)(i)(VII), the conditions described in this subparagraph, with respect to a clinical trial approved or funded by an entity described in such subparagraph (A)(i)(VII), are that the clinical trial has been reviewed and approved through a system of peer review that the Secretary determines—

“(i) to be comparable to the system of peer review of studies and investigations used by the National Institutes of Health; and

“(ii) assures unbiased review of the highest scientific standards by qualified individuals with no interest in the outcome of the review.

“(3) Life-threatening condition defined.—For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘life-threatening condition’ means any disease or condition from which the likelihood of death is probable unless the course of the disease or condition is interrupted.

“(4) Coverage determination requirements.—A determination with respect to coverage under subsection (a)(29) for an individual participating in a qualifying clinical trial—

“(A) shall be expedited and completed within 48 hours;

“(B) shall be made without limitation on the geographic location or network affiliation of the health care provider treating such individual or the principal investigator of the qualifying clinical trial;

“(C) shall be based solely on attestation regarding the appropriateness of the qualifying clinical trial by the health care provider and principal investigator described in subparagraph (B), which shall be made using a streamlined, uniform form developed for national use by the Secretary and that includes the option to reference information regarding the qualifying clinical trial that is publicly available on a website maintained by the Secretary, such as clinicaltrials.gov (or a successor website); and

“(D) shall not require submission of the protocols of the qualifying clinical trial, or any other documentation that may be proprietary or determined by the Secretary to be burdensome to provide.”.

(b) Requiring mandatory coverage under State plan.—Section 1902(a)(10)(A) of such Act is amended, in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “and (28)” and inserting “(28), and (29)”.

(c) Ensuring access for Medicaid expansion population.—Section 1937(b)(5) of such Act is amended by inserting before the period at the end the following: “, and beginning January 1, 2020, coverage of routine patient costs for items and services furnished in connection with participation in a qualifying clinical trial (as defined in section 1905(ee))”.

(d) Effective date.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The amendments made by this section shall take effect with respect to items and services furnished on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(2) EXCEPTION FOR STATE LEGISLATION.—In the case of a State plan under title XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.) that the Secretary of Health and Human Services determines requires State legislation in order for the respective plan to meet any requirement imposed by amendments made by this section, the respective plan shall not be regarded as failing to comply with the requirements of such title solely on the basis of its failure to meet such an additional requirement before the first day of the first calendar quarter beginning after the close of the first regular session of the State legislature that begins after the date of the enactment of this Act. For purposes of the previous sentence, in the case of a State that has a 2-year legislative session, each year of the session shall be considered to be a separate regular session of the State legislature.