Articles of impeachment exhibited by the House of Representatives of the United States of America in the name of itself and of the people of the United States of America, against Donald J. Trump, President of the United States of America, in maintenance and support of its impeachment against him for high crimes and misdemeanors in violation of his constitutional oath of office to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.

In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, in violation of his constitutional duty to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, has usurped the congressional war power enshrined in article I, section 8, clause 11 of the Constitution by, among other things—

(1) initiating war and murdering scores of putative but unproved drug traffickers in the Caribbean and eastern Pacific;

(2) committing war crimes in violation of the War Crimes Act of 1996;

(3) blockading Venezuela; and

(4) committing piracy on the high seas and coastal waters by theft of Venezuelan oil.

Mr. Trump has unconstitutionally initiated war as a belligerent or co-belligerent against Iran, Yemen, Lebanon, Syria, Nigeria, and Gaza. He has threatened military force against Panama, Colombia, Cuba, and Greenland. In all of these endeavors, President Trump has acted without constitutionally required congressional authorization.

In so acting, President Trump has articulated no limiting principle that would prevent him from declaring anyone (including United States citizens) or any country or non-state actor an enemy of the United States and killing or destroying them by military force. His criminal lawlessness has invited blowback against the United States and its citizens risking 9/11 2.0. President Trump proclaimed on March 5, 2025, that, “We are just getting started”, in replacing the Constitution with presidential tyranny.

Through his serial usurpation of the congressional war power and commission of murder, war crimes, and piracy, Donald J. Trump has acted contrary to his trust as President and subversive of constitutional government, to the great prejudice of law, liberty, and justice and to the manifest injury of the people of the United States.

Wherefore, by such conduct, Donald J. Trump warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States.

In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, in violation of his constitutional duty to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, has illegally declared national emergencies and summoned the National Guard in Los Angeles, Chicago, Portland, Washington, DC, and elsewhere, falsely claiming under section 12406 of title 10, United States Code, that regular forces are unable to execute the laws of the United States. President Trump’s militarization of domestic law enforcement is calculated to cow and intimidate citizens of the United States from peaceful protest against the rampant illegalities and cruel polices of the Trump administration fully protected by the First Amendment.

Through these actions, Donald J. Trump has acted contrary to his trust as President and subversive of constitutional government, to the great prejudice of law, liberty, and justice and to the manifest injury of the people of the United States.

Wherefore, by such conduct, Donald J. Trump warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States.

In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, in violation of his constitutional duty to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, has illegally detained, deported or attempted to deport citizens or immigrants based significantly on race or ethnicity or political opposition to Mr. Trump protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution. These rampant illegalities have terrified immigrant communities, citizens, and green card holders in the hundreds of thousands or millions, including Haitians, Somalians, and Venezuelans legally in the United States. Mr. Trump has resorted to vile epithets like “garbage” to dehumanize and encourage hatred or violence against them. Among other things, President Trump has deported individuals to a cruel dungeon in El Salvador featuring torture in violation of constitutional due process and court orders. He illegally invoked the Alien Enemies Act to flout due process on the patently false predicate that Venezuela has initiated war against the United States, as the United States Supreme Court held in A.A.R.P. v. Trump, 605 U.S.___ (May 16, 2025).

Wherefore, by such conduct, Donald J. Trump warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States.

In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, in violation of his constitutional duty to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, has suppressed or retaliated against constitutionally protected speech opposed to Mr. Trump’s policies.

On January 20, 2025, President Donald J. Trump issued an Executive order entitled “Restoring Freedom of Speech and Ending Federal Censorship” as an Orwellian pretext for suppressing free speech or association Mr. Trump hates or dislikes. President Trump has fired or demoted Federal Bureau of Investigation agents or Department of Justice lawyers who worked on the January 6 insurrection investigation or other Federal criminal investigations or prosecutions of Mr. Trump because of putative political opinions or lack of loyalty to him unrelated to job qualifications or performance.

On January 20, 2025, President Donald J. Trump issued an Executive order “Ending Radical Indoctrination in K–12 Schooling” in order to propagandize students into believing Americans are God’s new chosen people.

The illegal Executive order is a dagger at the inculcation of critical thinking, indispensable to an enlightened citizenry capable of self-government. The Supreme Court underscored in Sweezy v. New Hampshire, 354 U.S. 234 (1957): “To impose any strait jacket upon the intellectual leaders in our colleges and universities would imperil the future of our Nation…Particularly is that true in the social sciences, where few, if any, principles are accepted as absolutes. Scholarship cannot flourish in an atmosphere of suspicion and distrust. Teachers and students must always remain free to inquire, to study and to evaluate, to gain new maturity and understanding; otherwise, our civilization will stagnate and die”.

Wherefore, by such conduct, Donald J. Trump warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States.

In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, in violation of his constitutional duty to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, issued pardons or commutations on January 20, 2025, “Granting Pardons and Commutations of Sentences for Certain Offenses Relating to Events at or Near the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021”, to more than 1,500 insurrectionists aiming by force and violence, to overturn the Presidential election of 2020, including aiming to hang Vice President Mike Pence. The crimes committed before and after January 6, 2021, by individuals who received pardons included child sexual assault, production of child pornography, rape, conspiracy to murder Federal Bureau of Investigation agents, kidnapping, and domestic violence by strangulation.

There is a credible risk that President Donald J. Trump will order either officers of the United States or private parties to commit crimes, including assassinations, that will benefit Mr. Trump politically or personally and promise to pardon them in advance of their homicides. On or about April 12, 2019, the New York Times reported that President Trump personally instructed the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Kevin McAleenan, to block asylum seekers, pledging that if McAleenan faced jail time, Mr. Trump would pardon him.

President Donald J. Trump has further abused the pardon power by pardoning scores of campaign donors or political supporters who were convicted of financial fraud or drug trafficking on an unprecedented scale indistinguishable from bribery. Among others, President Trump pardoned the former President of Honduras, Juan Orlando Hernandez, serving 45 years in prison for smuggling 400 tons of cocaine into the United States, eager, in his words, to “shove the drugs right up the noses of the gringos”.

Wherefore, by such conduct, Donald J. Trump warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States.

In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, in violation of his constitutional duty to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, has systematically crippled or dismantled agencies or programs to protect consumers, the needy, workers, and the environment irreparably impairing the health, safety, welfare, and livelihoods of tens of millions of Americans. Among other things, President Trump has indiscriminately fired Federal employees and withheld Federal funds contrary to Federal statues such as the Impoundment Control Act or the Administrative Procedure Act.

Wherefore, by such conduct, Donald J. Trump warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States.

In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, in violation of his constitutional duty to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, has refused to spend funds appropriated by Congress, has expended funds not appropriated by Congress, has diverted funds specifically earmarked for one purpose to advance a contrary purpose, and has used private funds for a Government purpose, for example, a White House ballroom, unlawfully to circumvent the congressional power of the purpose enshrined in article I, section 9, clause 7 of the Constitution, the Impoundment Control Act, and the Anti-Deficiency Act, among other things.

On January 24, 2025, President Trump froze spending on grants or loans in violation of the recission or deferral provisions of the Impoundment Control Act and the congressional power of the purse.

President Trump has also further diverted at least $500,000,000 from the sale of Venezuelan oil not appropriated by Congress to a Qatari bank to expend for United States operations in Venezuela.

Wherefore, by such conduct, Donald J. Trump warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States.

In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, in violation of his constitutional duty to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, has resisted congressional oversight by refusing to disclose information or provide testimony necessary to deter lawlessness and mismanagement or to decide whether new laws should be enacted or amended or old laws should be repealed. The tip of the iceberg is Mr. Trump’s refusal to share with Congress a video showing the murder of two civilians who survived an initial strike against alleged drug traffickers off the coast of Venezuela and countless Epstein File documents wrongly classified to conceal wrongdoing or prevent political embarrassment.

Wherefore, by such conduct, Donald J. Trump warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States.

In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, in violation of his constitutional duty to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, has stripped lawyers or law firms of security clearances and initiated legally frivolous, retaliatory investigations or prosecutions of political opponents or critics to punish dissent. The targets of Mr. Trump’s political investigations or prosecutions include former Federal Bureau of Investigation Director James Comey, New York Attorney General Lettica James, United States Senator Adam Schiff (D–CA), Federal Reserve Board of Governors Lisa Cook and Chairman Jerome Powell, and former Central Intelligence Agency Director John Brennan. Mr. Trump has conversely perverted law enforcement to benefit his political friends, for example, ordering dismissal of the indictment of former New York City Mayor Eric Adams.

Wherefore, by such conduct, Donald J. Trump warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States.

In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, in violation of his constitutional duty to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and to take care that the laws be executed.

On January 24, 2025, President Trump illegally discharged at least 17 Inspectors General under the Inspectors General Act of 1978, by refusing to provide Congress 30-days notice and a substantive reason for the firings.

Mr. Trump has eschewed any limiting principle that would prevent the President from refusing to enforce any law enacted by Congress thereby making its legislative power a dead letter and rendering the entire United States Code advisory only.

Wherefore, by such conduct, Donald J. Trump warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States.

In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, in violation of his constitutional duty to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, issued a flagrantly unconstitutional Executive order on January 20, 2025, entitled “Protecting the Meaning and Value of American Citizenship”, contrary to section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution and the United States Supreme Court decision in United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898) stripping a certain category of children born in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof of their birthright citizenships.

Wherefore, by such conduct, Donald J. Trump warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States.

In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, in violation of his constitutional duty to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, on January 20, 2025, issued an Executive order entitled “Declaring a National Energy Emergency” for the specific, illicit purpose of evading Federal laws governing the production, transmission, or export of energy. There is no credible evidence that the United States confronts a national energy emergency.

On January 20, 2025, President Donald J. Trump issued a Proclamation entitled “Declaring a National Emergency at the Southern Border of the United States”, absurdly characterizing unauthorized immigration of defenseless, unarmed men, women, and children through our border with Mexico as a military “invasion” under article IV, section 4 of the Constitution for the illicit purpose of evading immigration laws governing asylum or otherwise including indefinitely suspending physical entry by any alien all of whom are unrebuttably presumed to be “invaders”, subject to a military response including extrajudicial killings.

On January 20, 2025, President Donald J. Trump issued an Executive order entitled “Designating Cartels and Other Organizations as Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Specially Designated Global Terrorists” as a pretext to initiating an unconstitutional war against Venezuela and murdering suspected drug traffickers. The drug cartels do not plausibly meet the statutory definition of a foreign terrorist organization in section 212(a)(3)(B) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(3)(B)). President Donald J. Trump has further listed the Venezuelan Government as a foreign terrorist organization.

Wherefore, by such conduct, Donald J. Trump warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States.

In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, in violation of his constitutional duty to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, has refused to divest himself of any direct or indirect financial interest in a wide array of business ventures intended to exploit his position as President to offer or withhold political favors to encourage patronage of these ventures by Americans or foreigners doing business with the United States to enrich himself or his family contrary to the prohibitions of the Constitution’s domestic and foreign emoluments clauses, article I, section 1, clause 5, and article I, section 9, clause 8. In so doing, President Trump has cast doubt on his loyalty to the United States and the rule of law.

Donald J. Trump has acted contrary to his trust as President and subversive of constitutional government, to the great prejudice of law, liberty, and justice and to the manifest injury of the people of the United States.

Wherefore, by such conduct, Donald J. Trump warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States.