(a) Short title.—This Act may be cited as the “American Leadership in AI Act”.

(b) Table of contents.—The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

(a) Definitions.—Section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401; as enacted as part of division E of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021; Public Law 116–283) is amended—

(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), and (11) as paragraphs (6), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), and (14), respectively;

(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following new paragraphs:

“(4) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RED TEAMING.—The term ‘artificial intelligence red teaming’ means a structured testing in a controlled environment simulating real-world conditions, using adversarial methods to find flaws and vulnerabilities in an artificial intelligence system and identify risks, flaws, and vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence systems, such as harmful outputs from such system, unforeseen or undesirable system behaviors, limitations, and potential risks associated with the misuse of such system.

“(5) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM.—The term ‘artificial intelligence system’—

“(A) means any data system, software, application, tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or other forms of artificial intelligence, whether—

“(i) the data system, software, application, tool, or utility is established primarily for the purpose of researching, developing, or implementing artificial intelligence technology; or

“(ii) artificial intelligence capability is integrated into another system or agency business process, operational activity, or technology system; and

“(B) does not include any common commercial product within which artificial intelligence is embedded, such as a word processor or map navigation system.”; and

(3) by inserting after paragraph (6), as so redesignated, the following new paragraph:

“(7) FEDERAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘Federal laboratory’ has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703).”.

(b) Establishment.—Title LIII of division E of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283; 134 Stat. 4523) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(c) Hiring critical technical experts update.—Subsection (c) of section 6 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 275) is amended by striking “section (b) shall expire on the date that is 5 years” and inserting “subsection (b) shall expire on the date that is 7 years”.

(d) Clerical amendments.—The tables of contents in section 2(b) and title LIII of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 are amended by inserting after the items relating to section 5303 the following new items:

“Sec. 5304. Center for AI Standards and Innovation.”.

In this subtitle:

(1) COVERED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND OTHER CRITICAL AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES.—The term “covered artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies” means a subset of artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies included in the list of such technologies identified and maintained by the National Science and Technology Council of the Office of Science and Technology Policy as the Director considers appropriate for purposes of this subtitle.

(2) DIRECTOR.—The term “Director” means the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

(a) Briefing required.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall provide to Congress a briefing to assist in the evaluation and identification of opportunities for Federal Government support for industry-led efforts in the development of technical standards for artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies.

(2) INTERAGENCY CONSULTATION.—In preparing the briefing required by paragraph (1), the Director shall consult with the heads of such Federal agencies as the Director considers relevant.

(3) ELEMENTS.—The briefing provided pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include the following:

(A) An overview of standards activities relating to artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies and information about the following:

(i) Key technical standards that are the subject of ongoing activity.

(ii) Key standards bodies hosting these activities.

(iii) Any Federal agency that is participating in these activities.

(B) An analysis identifying where participation by United States industry and Federal agencies in standards activities in artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies would be facilitated or enhanced by conducting standards meetings hosted in the United States.

(C) Recommendations for effectively informing United States industry and Federal agencies on ongoing standardization activities with the objective of increasing participation of such industry and agencies in such activities.

(4) FEDERAL AGENCY NOTICE REQUIREMENT.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Using the mechanism established pursuant to subparagraph (B), each head of a Federal agency shall transmit to the Director notice of the participation of their respective Federal agency in a standards activity relating to artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies.

(B) MECHANISM.—The Director shall, in coordination with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, develop a mechanism for reporting participation by Federal agencies in standards activities.

(b) Web portal.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to inform United States industry and Federal agencies about existing and ongoing international efforts to develop technical standards for artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies and opportunities for participation in such efforts, the Director shall establish an accessible web portal to help such industry and agencies navigate and participate in such efforts.

(2) CONTENTS.—The web portal established pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include regularly updated lists of the following:

(A) International efforts described in paragraph (1) and information on opportunities for participation in such efforts.

(B) Information on accessing standards, both in development and published, for artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies.

(3) ADMINISTRATION.—The Director may inter into such cooperative agreements with such nongovernmental organizations as the Director considers appropriate to establish the web portal required by paragraph (1).

(a) Pilot program required.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and subject to the availability of appropriated funds, the Director shall, in coordination with the heads of such other Federal agencies as the Director considers appropriate, establish a pilot program on supporting standards meetings for artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies in the United States by awarding grants to eligible entities described in subsection (b) hosting meetings of organizations described in paragraph (1) of such subsection to support the hosting of such meetings in the United States.

(2) ADMINISTRATION.—The Director may carry out the pilot program required by paragraph (1) by entering into such cooperative agreements with such nongovernmental organizations as the Director considers appropriate to establish and administer the pilot program.

(b) Eligible entities.—For purposes of the pilot program required by subsection (a), an eligible entity is—

(1) an organization that is developing standards and specifications for artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies for at least 1 technical standard that affects the interests of 1 or more Federal agencies; or

(2) an entity that hosts an organization described in paragraph (1).

(c) Grants.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the pilot program required by subsection (a), the Director shall award grants to eligible entities to host meetings as described in such subsection.

(2) USE OF FUNDS.—An eligible entity receiving a grant under this subsection to host a meeting in the United States may use the amount of the grant for such costs as the Director considers reasonable for hosting the meeting in the United States, but not more than fifty percent of anticipated cost of hosting the meeting and not more than a maximum amount that the Director shall establish for purposes of this subsection. Such costs may include the following:

(A) Costs related to the preparation and planning of meetings described in subsection (a).

(B) Meeting venue-related expenses.

(C) Such other costs that may support the eligible entity in conducting a standards meeting in the United States.

(3) CONSIDERATIONS.—In deciding whether to award a grant under this subsection to an eligible entity to host a meeting, the Director may consider the extent to which the eligible entity—

(A) is or hosts an organization that administers technical standards activity in artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies that involves United States-based participants, including but not limited to participants from Federal agencies of the United States;

(B) has a demonstrable history of participating in or hosting successful meetings; and

(C) has a stable or growing participant base.

(d) Guidance.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall develop and periodically update guidance for the pilot program carried out under this section.

(2) ELEMENTS.—The guidance developed and updated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall cover the following:

(A) Eligibility for grants awarded under the pilot program.

(B) How grants are awarded under subsection (c).

(C) The duration and amounts of grants awarded under subsection (c).

(D) The merit review process for the pilot program.

(E) Priority areas for technical standards activity.

(F) Means for recipients of grants under the pilot program to report expenses relating to other costs described in subsection (c)(2)(C).

(G) Such additional matters as the Director determines appropriate for purposes of the pilot program.

(e) Briefings for Congress.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—During the third year of the pilot program carried out under this section and in each subsequent year of the pilot program, the Director shall provide Congress with a briefing on the pilot program.

(2) ELEMENTS.—Each briefing provided pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include the following:

(A) An assessment of the effectiveness of the pilot program with respect to improving the hosting of standards meetings in the United States.

(B) Identification of the recipients of grants under the pilot program.

(C) The geographic distribution of attendees at meetings supported with grants under the pilot program.

(D) A summary of the expenses for which the amounts of grants awarded under the pilot program were used.

(f) Recommendations for permanent implementation.—If, before the date that is 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director determines that providing support as described in subsection (a) is feasible and advisable, the Director shall, not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act—

(1) develop recommendations for such legislative or administrative action as the Director considers appropriate to establish a permanent implementation of the pilot program; and

(2) submit to Congress the recommendations developed pursuant to paragraph (1).

(g) Termination.—The pilot program required by subsection (a)(1) shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(h) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2027 through 2031.

Section 22A of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278h–1) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i); and

(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the following new subsection:

“(h) Assessment of the practices of artificial intelligence development.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (in this subsection referred to as the ‘Director’) shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, develop, and periodically update, in collaboration with other public and private sector organizations, voluntary guidance for practices and guidelines relating to the development, release, and assessment of artificial intelligence systems. Such guidelines shall satisfy the following:

“(A) Define methods and guidelines for developing reasonable risk tolerances for various use cases of artificial intelligence systems based on the following:

“(i) The risks associated with the intended and unintended applications, use cases, and outcomes of the artificial intelligence system at issue, based on the guidelines specified in the voluntary risk management framework for trustworthy artificial intelligence systems, or successor framework, authorized under subsection (c), which may include different categories of risk, such as the following:

“(I) Security risks, including threats to national security.

“(II) Economic risks, including threats to economic opportunities.

“(III) Social risks, including infringement upon constitutional rights, privileges, or liberties.

“(ii) Such other factors as the Director determines appropriate and consistent with this subsection.

“(B) Categorize and list practices and norms for communicating relevant characteristics, including robustness, resilience, security, safety, fairness, privacy, validation, reliability, accountability, and usability, of artificial intelligence systems, and including any characteristics identified by the voluntary risk management framework for trustworthy artificial intelligence systems, or successor framework, authorized under subsection (c). Such practices and norms may relate to the following:

“(i) Documentation of training and evaluation datasets, such as information and statistics about a dataset’s size, curation, annotation, and sources, and the protocols for a dataset’s selection, creators, provenance, processing, augmentation, filters, inclusion of personally identifiable information, and intellectual property usage.

“(ii) Documentation of model information, such as a model’s development stages, training objectives, training strategies, inference objectives, capabilities, reproducibility of capabilities, input and output modalities, components, size, and architecture.

“(iii) Evaluation of benchmarks for multi-metric assessments, such as an assessment of an appropriate combination of robustness, resilience, security, safety, fairness, privacy, accuracy, validity, reliability, accountability, usability, transparency, efficiency, and calibration, and any characteristics identified by the voluntary risk management framework for trustworthy artificial intelligence systems, or successor framework, authorized under subsection (c).

“(iv) Metrics and methodologies for evaluations of artificial intelligence systems, such as establishing evaluation datasets.

“(v) Public reporting of artificial intelligence systems’ capabilities, limitations, and possible areas of appropriate and inappropriate use.

“(vi) Disclosure of security practices, such as artificial intelligence red teaming and third-party assessments, that were used in the development of an artificial intelligence system.

“(vii) How to release to the public components of an artificial intelligence system or information about an artificial intelligence system, including aspects of the model, associated training data, and license agreements.

“(viii) Approaches and channels for collaboration and knowledge-sharing of best practices across industry, governments, civil society, and academia.

“(ix) Such other categories as the Director determines appropriate and consistent with this subsection.

“(C) For each practice and norm categorized and listed in accordance with subparagraph (B), provide recommendations and practices for utilizing such practice or norm.

“(2) IMPLEMENTATION.—In conducting the Director’s duties under paragraph (1), the Director shall carry out the following:

“(A) Update the voluntary risk management framework for trustworthy artificial intelligence systems, or successor framework, authorized under subsection (c) as the Director determines appropriate.

“(B) Ensure that voluntary guidance developed in paragraph (1) is based on international standards and industry best practices to the extent possible and practical.

“(C) Not prescribe or otherwise require the use of specific information or communications technology products or services.

“(D) Collaborate with public, industry, and academic entities as the Director determines appropriate, including conducting periodic outreach to receive public input from public, industry, and academic stakeholders.

“(3) REPORT.—In conducting the Director’s duties under paragraph (1), the Director shall, not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this subsection, brief the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on the following:

“(A) New or updated materials, programs, or systems that were produced as a result of carrying out this subsection.

“(B) Policy recommendations of the Director that could facilitate and improve communication and coordination between the private sector and relevant Federal agencies regarding implementing the recommended practices identified in this subsection.

“(4) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RED TEAMING DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘artificial intelligence red teaming’ means a structured testing of adversarial efforts to find flaws and vulnerabilities in an artificial intelligence system and identify risks, flaws, and vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence systems, such as harmful outputs from such system, unforeseen or undesirable system behaviors, limitations, and potential risks associated with the misuse of such system.”.

(a) NAIRR steering subcommittee.—Section 5103 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 9413) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and

(2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:

“(e) NAIRR Steering Subcommittee.—

“(1) DEFINITION.—In this subsection, the terms ‘NAIRR’, ‘National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource’, ‘Operating Entity’, ‘Program Management Office’, and ‘resources of the NAIRR’ have the meanings given the terms in section 5601.

“(2) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established within the Interagency Committee a Steering Subcommittee for the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource (referred to in this section as the ‘NAIRR Steering Subcommittee’).

“(3) CHAIR AND ASSISTANT CHAIRS.—The NAIRR Steering Subcommittee shall be chaired by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy may establish assistant chairs of the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee based on members of the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee rotating into the assistant chair positions on a predetermined schedule.

“(4) MEMBERSHIP.—The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall select members of the Interagency Committee to serve on the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee that the Director determines—

“(A) have substantial expertise;

“(B) have substantially funded or conducted artificial intelligence research and development; or

“(C) have some other significant relationship with the NAIRR.

“(5) CHANGES TO NAIRR STEERING SUBCOMMITTEE COMPOSITION.—Not less frequently than once a year, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall review the composition of the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee and update such composition, which may include adding or removing members from the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee, if necessary.

“(6) SUBCOMMITTEES AND WORKING GROUPS.—The NAIRR Steering Subcommittee may establish subcommittees, working groups, or other permanent or temporary bodies of certain members of the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee.

“(7) DUTIES.—The NAIRR Steering Subcommittee shall—

“(A) coordinate with the National Science Foundation and the Program Management Office to—

“(i) oversee and approve the operating plan for the NAIRR;

“(ii) review the budget for the NAIRR;

“(iii) develop and release a request for proposals to solicit bids for the Operating Entity, including establishing the terms and conditions and functions of the Operating Entity; and

“(iv) develop and release funding opportunities for resources of the NAIRR;

“(B) work with the Program Management Office to establish criteria for the Operating Entity, review candidates, and select an entity to act as the Operating Entity;

“(C) identify resources that could be federated, participate in resource provider selection and funding, and provide direction to the Operating Entity about resource allocation and how those resources should be made accessible via the NAIRR;

“(D) define key performance indicators for the NAIRR, in conjunction with the Program Management Office and any relevant Advisory Committees established under section 5602(c);

“(E) evaluate NAIRR performance against the key performance indicators defined under subparagraph (D) on a periodic basis and not less frequently than once every year;

“(F) develop an annual report, transmitted to the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and publicly released, on the progress of the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource that includes—

“(i) a summary of the results of the evaluation conducted under subparagraph (E); and

“(ii) any recommendations for changes to the NAIRR; and

“(G) oversee a periodic independent assessment of the NAIRR.

“(8) PROVISION OF RESOURCES OF THE NAIRR.—Each agency comprising the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee is authorized to provide the Operating Entity with resources of the NAIRR or funding for resources of the NAIRR.”.

(b) In general.—The National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“Sec. 5601. Definitions.
“Sec. 5602. Establishment; governance.
“Sec. 5603. Resources of the NAIRR.
“Sec. 5604. NAIRR processes and procedures.
“Sec. 5605. NAIRR funding.

(c) Conforming amendments.—The table of contents in section 2(b) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283; 134 Stat. 3388) is amended by inserting after the items relating to title LV the following:

(a) Partnerships.—As part of the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource pilot program (in this section referred to as the “Program”), the Director of the National Science Foundation (in this section referred to as the “Director”) shall partner with leading technology companies to increase access to world-class private sector computing, models, data, and software resources in the research community.

(b) Connection.—The Director shall ensure the Program is operationally capable of connecting researchers and educators in the United States to critical AI resources.

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) DIRECTOR.—Except as otherwise expressly provided, the term “Director” means the Director of the National Science Foundation.

(2) NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION.—The term “nonprofit organization” has the meaning given such term in section 201 of title 35, United States Code.

(b) Establishment of program.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director, in coordination with the Interagency Committee established under section 5103 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9413), shall establish a program (in this section referred to as the “AI Grand Challenges Program”) to award prizes, utilizing the authorities and processes established under section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719), to eligible participants as determined by the Director pursuant to subsection (e) to stimulate artificial intelligence research, development, and commercialization that solves or advances specific, well-defined, and measurable grand challenges in 1 or more of the following categories:

(A) National security.

(B) Cybersecurity.

(C) Health.

(D) Energy.

(E) Environment.

(F) Transportation.

(G) Agriculture and rural development.

(H) Education and workforce training.

(I) Manufacturing.

(J) Space and aerospace.

(K) Quantum computing, including molecular modeling and simulation.

(L) Materials science.

(M) Supply chain resilience.

(N) Disaster preparedness.

(O) Natural resources management.

(P) Cross cutting challenges in artificial intelligence, including robustness, interpretability, explainability, transparency, safety, privacy, content provenance, and bias mitigation.

(2) ROTATORS.—Participants in the Rotator Program of the National Science Foundation may support the development and implementation of the AI Grand Challenges Program.

(c) Grand challenges selection and grand challenges information.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—

(A) CONSULTATION ON IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION.—The Director shall consult with the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the heads of relevant Federal agencies, and the National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee to identify and select artificial intelligence research and development grand challenges in which eligible participants will compete to solve or advance for prize awards under subsection (b).

(B) PUBLIC INPUT ON IDENTIFICATION.—The Director shall also seek public input on the identification of artificial intelligence research and development grand challenges.

(2) PROBLEM STATEMENTS; SUCCESS METRICS.—For each grand challenge selected under paragraph (1) and the grand challenge under paragraph (3), the Director shall—

(A) establish a specific and well-defined grand challenge problem statement and ensure that such problem statement is published on the National Science Foundation website linking out to relevant prize competition listings on the website Challenge.gov that is managed by the General Services Administration; and

(B) establish and publish on the website Challenge.gov clear targets, success metrics, and validation protocols for the prize competitions designed to address each grand challenge, in order to provide specific benchmarks that will be used to evaluate submissions to the prize competition.

(3) GRAND CHALLENGE FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-ENABLED CANCER BREAKTHROUGHS.—

(A) REQUIRED PRIZE COMPETITION.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Director of the National Institutes of Health, shall establish not less than 1 grand challenge in which eligible participants will compete in a prize competition to solve or advance solutions for prize awards under subsection (b) that seek to advance medical breakthroughs to address 1 or more of the most lethal forms of cancer and related comorbidities. The grand challenge shall relate to detection, diagnostics, treatments, therapeutics, or other innovations in artificial intelligence to increase the total quality-adjusted life years of those affected or likely to be affected by cancer.

(B) PRIZE AMOUNT.—In carrying out the prize competition under subparagraph (A), the Director shall award not less than $10,000,000 in cash prize awards to each winner.

(4) AMBITIOUS AND ACHIEVABLE GOALS.—Grand challenges selected under paragraph (1) and the grand challenge under paragraph (3) shall be ambitious but achievable goals that utilize science, technology, and innovation to solve or advance solutions to problems to benefit the United States.

(d) Additional consultation.—The Director may consult with, and incorporate effective practices from, other entities that have developed successful large-scale technology demonstration prize competitions, including the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, other Federal agencies, private sector enterprises, and nonprofit organizations, in the development and implementation of the AI Grand Challenges Program and related prize competitions, including on the requirements under subsection (e).

(e) Requirements.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall develop requirements for—

(A) the prize competition process, including eligibility criteria for participants, consistent with the requirements under paragraph (2); and

(B) testing, judging, and verification procedures for submissions to receive a prize award under the AI Grand Challenges Program.

(2) ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENT AND JUDGING.—

(A) ELIGIBILITY.—In accordance with the requirement described in section 24(g)(3) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719(g)(3)), a recipient of a prize award under the AI Grand Challenges Program—

(i) that is a private entity shall be incorporated in and maintain a primary place of business in the United States; and

(ii) who is an individual, whether participating singly or in a group, shall be a citizen or permanent resident of the United States.

(B) JUDGES.—In accordance with section 24(k) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719(k)), a judge of a prize competition under the AI Grand Challenges Program may be an individual from the private sector.

(f) Prize amount.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the AI Grand Challenges Program, the Director—

(A) shall award not less than $1,000,000 in cash prize awards to each winner of the prize competitions, except as provided in subsection (c)(3); and

(B) may also utilize non-cash awards.

(2) LARGER AWARDS.—The Director may award prizes under the AI Grand Challenges Program that are more than $50,000,000, pursuant to the requirements under section 24(m)(4)(A) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719(m)(4)(A)).

(g) Funding.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—In accordance with section 24(m)(1) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719(m)(1)), the Director may request and accept funds from other Federal agencies, State, United States territory, local, or Tribal government agencies, for-profit entities, and nonprofit organizations to support the AI Grand Challenges Program.

(2) PROHIBITION ON CONSIDERATION FOR SUPPORT.—The Director may not consider any support provided by an agency or entity under paragraph (1) in determining the winners of prize awards under subsection (b).

(h) Reports.—

(1) NOTIFICATION OF WINNING SUBMISSION.—Not later than 60 days after the date on which a prize is awarded under the AI Grand Challenges Program, the Director shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, and other relevant committees of Congress a report that describes the winning submission to the prize competition and its benefits to the United States.

(2) BIENNIAL REPORT.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and biennially thereafter, the Director shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, and other relevant committees of Congress a report that includes—

(i) a description of the activities carried out under this Act;

(ii) a description of the active competitions and the results of completed competitions under the AI Grand Challenges Program; and

(iii) efforts to provide information to the public about the AI Grand Challenges Program to encourage participation.

(B) PUBLIC ACCESSIBILITY.—The Director shall make the biennial report required under subparagraph (A) publicly accessible, including by posting the biennial report on the website of the National Science Foundation in an easily accessible location.

(i) Accessibility.—In carrying out the AI Grand Challenges Program, the Director shall post the active prize competitions and available prize awards under subsection (b) to Challenge.gov after the grand challenges are selected and the prize competitions are designed pursuant to subsections (c) and (e) to ensure the prize competitions are widely accessible to eligible participants.

(a) In general.—The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall establish a grant program to award grants to eligible entities to perform research regarding the use of generative artificial intelligence in health care.

(b) Permissible research.—Research funded pursuant to a grant under this section may include research regarding the use of generative artificial intelligence to—

(1) improve the ability of health care practitioners to record comprehensive notes or ask medically relevant questions during an appointment with a patient;

(2) reduce the administrative or documentation burden on clinicians;

(3) expedite the health insurance claims process;

(4) improve the efficiency and quality of customer service in the health care sector; or

(5) otherwise improve health care, as determined appropriate by the Director of the National Institutes of Health.

(c) Priority.—In awarding grants under this section, the Director of the National Institutes of Health shall give priority to eligible entities that—

(1) encourage the adoption and deployment of generative artificial intelligence across the health care sector;

(2) invest in workforce development of clinicians and administrators;

(3) mitigate burnout in the health care workforce; or

(4) improve the availability of patient care for members of a medically underserved population.

(d) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.—The term “artificial intelligence” has the meaning given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401).

(2) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term “eligible entity” means—

(A) an institution of higher education (as such term is defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001));

(B) an organization described in subsection (c)(3) of section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under subsection (a) of such section; or

(C) an agency of—

(i) the Federal Government;

(ii) a State;

(iii) a unit of local government; or

(iv) an Indian Tribe.

(3) GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.—The term “generative artificial intelligence” means artificial intelligence that, in response to a prompt, uses data to produce text, media, computer code, or other content.

(4) MEDICALLY UNDERSERVED POPULATION.—The term “medically underserved population” has the meaning given such term in section 330(b) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254b(b)).

(a) In general.—The Secretary of Agriculture (in this section referred to as the “Secretary”) and the Director of the National Science Foundation (in this section referred to as the “Director”) shall carry out cross-cutting and collaborative research and development activities focused on the joint advancement of Department of Agriculture and National Science Foundation mission requirements and priorities.

(b) Memoranda of understanding.—The Secretary and the Director shall coordinate the activities under subsection (a) through the establishment of memoranda of understanding or other appropriate interagency agreements. Such memoranda or agreements, as the case may be, shall require the use of a competitive, merit review process, as appropriate. Such activities may include components proposed by Federal agencies, institutions of higher education, non-profit institutions, and other appropriate entities, as determined appropriate under the memoranda or agreements.

(c) Coordination.—In carrying out the activities under subsection (a), the Secretary and the Director may—

(1) conduct collaborative research in a variety of focus areas, such as—

(A) plant, animal, and microbial biology relevant to agricultural challenges;

(B) food and nutrition security;

(C) rural economic revitalization;

(D) cyber-physical systems;

(E) smart and connected communities;

(F) advanced sensors and models of soil and plant processes;

(G) nano-biosensing and analytical technologies to improve food safety, water quality, biosecurity, plant and animal diseases, and soil health;

(H) monitoring of food- or water-borne pathogens, allergens, and accidental, natural, or intentional bio- or chemical contaminants;

(I) key emerging technology areas such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, automation, robotics, digital agriculture, and information and communication technology for agricultural uses;

(J) development and testing of new precision agriculture tools; and

(K) workforce needs, education, and development;

(2) promote collaboration, open community-based development, and data and information sharing between Federal agencies, institutions of higher education, community colleges, area career and technical education schools, nonprofit institutions, and other appropriate entities by providing the necessary access and secure data and information transfer capabilities;

(3) support research infrastructure, including new facilities, equipment and broadband deployment, as the Secretary and Director determine necessary;

(4) develop translational technologies for commercial utilization;

(5) organize education, training, and research initiatives relating to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education and workforce development, which may include—

(A) activities supported by the Cooperative Extension System;

(B) industrial partnership programs;

(C) workshops for educating preschool through grade 12 teachers on how to increase agricultural literacy;

(D) development of agricultural-based science curricula for kindergarten through grade 12 students; and

(E) distribution of resources for educators to implement curricula, such as the workshops developed under subparagraph (C);

(6) award grants to institutions of higher education, community colleges, area career and technical education schools, or eligible nonprofit institutions (or consortia thereof), to establish a Center for Agricultural Research, Education, and Workforce Development; and

(7) facilitate relationships between public and private entities to carry out the activities specified in paragraphs (1) through (6) upon the termination of any agreement entered into under subsection (b).

(d) Agreements.—In carrying out the activities under subsection (a), the Secretary and the Director are authorized to—

(1) carry out reimbursable agreements between the Department of Agriculture, the National Science Foundation, and other entities in order to maximize the effectiveness of research and development; and

(2) collaborate with other Federal agencies, as appropriate.

(e) Report.—Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the appropriate committees of Congress, a report detailing the following:

(1) Interagency coordination between each Federal agency involved in the research and development activities carried out under this section.

(2) Potential opportunities to expand the technical capabilities of the Department of Agriculture and the National Science Foundation.

(3) Collaborative research achievements.

(4) Areas of future mutually beneficial successes.

(5) Continuation of coordination activities between the Department of Agriculture and the National Science Foundation.

(f) Research security.—The activities authorized under this section shall be applied in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.; enacted as part of division B of Public Law 117–167).

(g) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.—The term “appropriate committees of Congress” means each of the following committees:

(A) The Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives.

(B) The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives.

(C) The Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.

(D) The Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.

(2) AREA CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION SCHOOL.—The term “area career and technical education school” has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2302).

(3) COMMUNITY COLLEGE.—The term “community college” has the meaning given such term in section 3167B of the Energy Science Education Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 7381c–3).

(4) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given such term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).

(a) In general.—Title LV of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (Public Law 116–283) is amended to read as follows:

“Sec. 5501. Department of Energy artificial intelligence research program.
“Sec. 5502. Ensuring energy security for data centers and computing resources.

(b) Clerical amendments.—The tables of contents in section 2(b) and title LV of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 are amended by inserting after the items relating to section 5501 the following new items:

“Sec. 5502. Ensuring energy security for data centers and computing resources.”.

(a) In general.—Title LIII of division E of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283; 134 Stat. 4523) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(b) Clerical amendments.—The tables of contents in section 2(b) and title LIII of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 are amended by inserting after the items relating to section 5304, as added by section 101(b), the following new items:

“Sec. 5305. Federal standards for artificial intelligence.”.

In this subtitle:

(1) AGENCY.—The term “agency” has the meaning given the term in section 3502 of title 44, United States Code.

(2) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.—The term “artificial intelligence” has the meaning given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401).

(3) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM.—The term “artificial intelligence system”—

(A) means any data system, software, application, tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or other forms of artificial intelligence, whether—

(i) the data system, software, application, tool, or utility is established primarily for the purpose of researching, developing, or implementing artificial intelligence technology; or

(ii) artificial intelligence capability is integrated into another system or agency business process, operational activity, or technology system; and

(B) does not include any common commercial product within which artificial intelligence is embedded, such as a word processor or map navigation system.

(4) CHIEF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OFFICER.—The term “Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer” means an official designated by the head of an agency pursuant to section 313(b)(1).

(5) COUNCIL.—The term “Council” means the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers Council established under section 312(a).

(6) DIRECTOR.—The term “Director” means the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

(7) RELEVANT CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—The term “relevant congressional committees” means the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives.

(a) Establishment.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall establish a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers Council.

(b) Duties.—The Council shall—

(1) promote artificial intelligence innovation and responsible design, development, and application;

(2) oversee compliance with Governmentwide requirements, including existing requirements for agencies to inventory and publish use cases of artificial intelligence;

(3) develop recommendations for, and advise agencies on, best practices for the design, acquisition, development, modernization, use, operation, sharing, risk management, auditing, and performance of artificial intelligence technologies while ensuring privacy, security, and the protection of civil rights and civil liberties;

(4) share experiences, ideas, and promising practices, including work process redesign and the development of performance measures to optimize Federal Government use of and investments in artificial intelligence;

(5) in coordination with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, assess and monitor the hiring, training, classification, and professional development needs of the Federal workforce relating to artificial intelligence;

(6) examine and track the costs and benefits of artificial intelligence use in the Federal Government, and make recommendations for any limits that should be placed on the acquisition, development, and use of artificial intelligence and the capabilities of artificial intelligence;

(7) help improve the abilities of agencies to understand artificial intelligence and intervene in crisis;

(8) review and analyze already deployed artificial intelligence systems within the Federal Government for potential harm; and

(9) assist the Director, as necessary, in—

(A) identifying, developing, coordinating, and overseeing multi-agency projects and other initiatives to improve Government performance;

(B) monitoring and managing risks relating to developing, obtaining, or using artificial intelligence, including by—

(i) promoting the development and use of efficient, common, and shared approaches to key processes that improve the delivery of services for the public;

(ii) soliciting and providing perspectives on matters of concern to the Council, as appropriate, from and to—

(I) the Chief Financial Officers Council;

(II) the Chief Human Capital Officers Council;

(III) the Chief Acquisition Officers Council;

(IV) the Chief Information Officers Council;

(V) the Chief Data Officers Council;

(VI) other interagency councils;

(VII) other key groups of the Federal Government;

(VIII) industry;

(IX) academia;

(X) State, local, Tribal, territorial, and international governments; and

(XI) other individuals and entities, as determined necessary by the Director;

(iii) creating a framework for how agencies can reduce risk in the design, development, and use of artificial intelligence systems; and

(iv) implementing measurements and producing specific guidance on use cases for which the Federal Government should not be developing, procuring, or using artificial intelligence systems;

(C) ensuring artificial intelligence systems used and procured by agencies are and have been responsibly developed and evaluated such that the artificial intelligence systems are transparent and secure, do not infringe on privacy, and promote civil interests;

(D) continually monitoring the capabilities of artificial intelligence systems used and procured by the Federal Government; and

(E) ensuring accountability for the use and procurement of artificial intelligence systems that result in flawed, inaccurate, or biased decisions that would impact individuals.

(c) Membership of CAIOC.—

(1) CHAIR.—The Director shall serve as the chair of the Council.

(2) COCHAIR.—The cochair of the Council shall be—

(A) nominated by a majority of the members of the Council; and

(B) designated as the cochair of the Council by the Director.

(3) MEMBERS.—Members of the Council shall include—

(A) the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of each agency described in section 901(b) of title 31, United States Code;

(B) a representative from an agency with—

(i) advisory experience in scientific and technological issues that require attention at the highest level of Government; and

(ii) a role working with agencies to create strategies, plans, policies and programs for science and technology, including artificial intelligence; and

(C) other members, as determined necessary by the Director.

(4) STANDING COMMITTEES; WORKING GROUPS.—The Council shall have the authority to establish standing committees and working groups as necessary to consider items of concern to the Council.

(d) Administrative support.—The Administrator of General Services shall provide administrative support for the Council.

(a) Duties of agencies.—The head of each agency shall ensure the responsible research, development, acquisition, application, governance, and use of artificial intelligence by the agency that is consistent with democratic values, including—

(1) privacy;

(2) civil rights and civil liberties;

(3) information security;

(4) nondiscrimination;

(5) transparency; and

(6) trustworthiness.

(b) Chief artificial intelligence officer.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 45 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the head of each agency shall designate a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer with responsibility for—

(A) promoting artificial intelligence innovation and use within the agency to further the agency’s effectiveness and efficiency;

(B) providing input on the decision processes for annual and multi-year planning, programming, budgeting, and execution decisions, related reporting requirements, and reports relating to artificial intelligence of the agency;

(C) participating in internal control processes or entities convened for the purpose of reviewing artificial intelligence acquisitions throughout the acquisition life cycle;

(D) producing a risk management plan for agency-specific use cases of artificial intelligence, including—

(i) a procedure for classifying risk levels in agency use of artificial intelligence; and

(ii) specific guidance on use cases for which the agency should not developing, procuring, or using artificial intelligence systems;

(E) in coordination with other responsible officials of the agency—

(i) assessing and addressing agency personnel requirements and professional development requirements relating to artificial intelligence;

(ii) developing and overseeing agency processes regarding the design, acquisition, development, modernization, use, data management, operation, sharing, and auditing of artificial intelligence systems by the agency, including existing requirements to inventory and publish agency use cases;

(iii) ensuring artificial intelligence policies of the agency comply with the Constitution of the United States and Governmentwide requirements;

(iv) ensuring all artificial intelligence systems used and procured by the agency are and have been responsibly developed and evaluated such that the systems are transparent and secure, do not infringe on privacy, and promote civil interests;

(v) continually monitoring the capabilities and impacts of artificial intelligence systems used and procured by the agency; and

(vi) ensuring accountability for the use and procurement of artificial intelligence systems that result in flawed, inaccurate, or biased decisions that would impact individuals;

(F) helping to improve the ability of the agency to understand artificial intelligence and to intervene in crisis;

(G) reviewing and analyzing already deployed artificial intelligence systems of the agency for potential harm; and

(H) performing other functions relating to artificial intelligence, as determined by the Director or the head of the agency.

(2) STRUCTURE.—The Director shall issue guidance on the appropriate reporting structure, qualifications, and seniority level for the role of a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer.

(3) SENIORITY.—With respect to the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of any agency described in section 901(b) of title 31, United States Code, the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer shall be an executive with a position classified above GS–15 of the General Schedule or the equivalent.

(4) ROLES.—The head of each agency shall ensure that the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the agency has a significant role in—

(A) the decision processes for all annual and multi-year planning, programming, budgeting, and execution decisions, related reporting requirements, and reports relating to artificial intelligence of the agency; and

(B) the management, governance, acquisition, and oversight processes of the agency relating to artificial intelligence.

(5) FULL-TIME EMPLOYEE.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—To the extent practicable, each Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer designated under paragraph (1) shall be a full-time employee of the agency on the date of the designation.

(B) JUSTIFICATION.—If the head of an agency designates a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the agency who is not a full-time employee on the date of the designation, the head of the agency shall provide the Comptroller General of the United States a justification for the designation of an individual who is not a full-time employee, such as a lack of qualified personnel.

(C) INCLUSION IN REPORT.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall include each justification provided by the head of an agency under subparagraph (B) in the report required under section 316(a).

(c) Informing Congress.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the head of each agency shall—

(1) inform the relevant congressional committees of the appointment of a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer pursuant to subsection (b); and

(2) if relevant, provide to the relevant congressional committees a full description of any authorities and responsibilities of the individual serving as the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer that are performed in addition to the authorities and responsibilities of the individual in the role of the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer.

(a) Establishment.—Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall issue guidance directing the head of each agency described in section 901(b) of title 31, United States Code, to establish within the agency an Artificial Intelligence Coordination Board to—

(1) coordinate artificial intelligence issues of the agency; and

(2) to the extent applicable to the agency, publish a statement of principles and goals relating to artificial intelligence.

(b) Contents.—The guidance issued under subsection (a) shall—

(1) define the structure and activities of Artificial Intelligence Coordination Boards of agencies; and

(2) ensure that the membership of the Artificial Intelligence Coordination Board of an agency may include, to the extent applicable to the agency—

(A) the deputy head of the agency;

(B) the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the agency, who shall serve as the chair of the Artificial Intelligence Coordination Board of the agency;

(C) the chief information officer of the agency;

(D) the chief acquisition officer of the agency;

(E) the senior procurement executive of the agency;

(F) the chief data officer of the agency;

(G) the chief human capital officer of the agency;

(H) the chief financial officer of the agency;

(I) the senior agency official for privacy of the agency;

(J) the senior agency official for civil rights and civil liberties of the agency; and

(K) other individuals, as determined by the Director.

(c) Strategy.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The head of each agency shall establish an artificial intelligence strategy for the responsible and trustworthy adoption of artificial intelligence by the agency to better achieve the mission of the agency to serve the people of the United States.

(2) CONTENTS.—The strategy required under paragraph (1) shall include the following:

(A) Defined roles and responsibilities for the use and oversight of artificial intelligence by the agency, including oversight of compliance with relevant laws, regulations, standards, and guidance.

(B) Defined values, ethics, and principles to foster public trust and responsible use of artificial intelligence by the agency.

(C) The standards, regulations, investments, practices, and other items the agency will use to improve trust and safety and ensure that artificial intelligence systems are designed, developed, and deployed in a manner that protects the rights and safety of individuals.

(D) How the agency will oversee artificial intelligence systems and applications to identify and mitigate risk and prevent harm, including with respect to privacy, civil rights, civil liberties, and information security.

(E) The considerations and safeguards the agency will use to protect the rights and safety of the public with respect to artificial intelligence, including mitigation of algorithmic discrimination.

(F) The domains or areas in which the agency uses or anticipates using artificial intelligence.

(G) The steps the agency will take to strengthen workforce knowledge to maximize the value artificial intelligence can bring to mission outcomes while mitigating any associated risks.

(H) How and under what conditions the agency can use artificial intelligence to improve the interactions of the agency with the public and the fulfillment of the mission of the agency, while protecting against harmful impacts on agency employees or the public.

(I) How the agency will coordinate and work across components, offices, and programs of the agency on artificial intelligence-related matters.

(J) How the agency will engage in interagency governance and coordination with respect to artificial intelligence, including to leverage shared resources, expertise, and lessons learned to better leverage artificial intelligence to improve Federal Government operations and mitigate the risks of artificial intelligence.

(K) How the agency will promote the use and availability of data to support the artificial intelligence efforts of the agency in accordance with statutory, regulatory, and policy requirements.

(L) How the agency will work with the private sector to ensure that procured artificial intelligence systems or capabilities include protections to safeguard the rights and safety of individuals and to secure Federal Government data and other information.

(M) An outline of specific actions to implement the strategy of the agency and desired outcomes.

(a) In general.—Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the relevant congressional committees a report on—

(1) the implementation and effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Coordination Boards established pursuant to guidance issued under section 314(a);

(2) an assessment of agency implementation and the effectiveness of Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers;

(3) recommendations for improving the implementation and effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Coordination Boards established pursuant to guidance issued under section 314(a) and Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers;

(4) an analysis by the Comptroller General of the United States with respect to the costs and benefits of—

(A) the Federal implementation of artificial intelligence; and

(B) the activities of the Artificial Intelligence Coordination Boards established pursuant to guidance issued under section 314(a);

(5) an assessment of the extent to which select agencies appropriately consider the costs and benefits of the design, development, deployment, and continuous monitoring of artificial intelligence;

(6) an assessment of jobs that could be at risk of dislocation and opportunities of other jobs with the Federal Government and the economy of the United States as a result of technological developments with respect to artificial intelligence, including potential effects on blue collar and white collar occupational categories;

(7) an inventory of artificial intelligence use cases of each agency, including an assessment of how each agency protects privacy and mitigates bias in the use by the agency of artificial intelligence; and

(8) other relevant matters, as determined by the Comptroller General of the United States.

(b) Additional report.—Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the relevant congressional committees a report on the impact of biased datasets on Federal use and implementation of artificial intelligence systems.

Not later than five years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall—

(1) consider technological and other developments, current and future requirements, and options for artificial intelligence governance; and

(2) issue a directive to agencies—

(A) updating leadership roles, organizational structures, and other matters relating to artificial intelligence, as determined relevant by the Director; and

(B) that includes an action plan and timeline for implementation.

Beginning on the date that is 90 days after the date of issuance of the directive under section 316, this subtitle shall have no force or effect.

(a) Update to national vulnerability database.—The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in coordination with industry stakeholders, standards development organizations, and appropriate Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall carry out the following:

(1) Establish or identify common definitions and any characteristics of artificial intelligence security vulnerabilities that make utilization of the National Vulnerability Database inappropriate for the management of such vulnerabilities, and develop processes and procedures for vulnerability management of such vulnerabilities.

(2) Support the development of standards and guidance for technical vulnerability management processes related to artificial intelligence.

(3) Consistent with paragraphs (1) and (2), as appropriate, initiate a process to update the Institute’s processes and procedures associated with the National Vulnerability Database to ensure such Database and associated vulnerability management processes incorporate artificial intelligence security vulnerabilities to the greatest extent practicable.

(b) Assessing voluntary tracking of substantial artificial intelligence security and safety incidents.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in consultation with the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of Homeland Security, shall convene a multi-stakeholder process to consider the development of a process relating to the voluntary collection, reporting, and tracking of substantial artificial intelligence security incidents and substantial artificial intelligence safety incidents.

(2) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out paragraph (1), the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall convene appropriate representatives of industry, academia, nonprofit organizations, standards development organizations, civil society groups, Sector Risk Management Agencies, and appropriate Federal departments and agencies to carry out the following:

(A) Establish common definitions and characterizations for relevant aspects of substantial artificial intelligence security incidents and substantial artificial intelligence safety incidents, which may include the following:

(i) Classifications that sufficiently differentiate between the following:

(I) Artificial intelligence security incidents.

(II) Artificial intelligence safety incidents.

(ii) Taxonomies to classify incidents referred to in clause (i) based on relevant characteristics, impacts, or other appropriate criteria.

(B) Assess the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of an effort to voluntarily track substantial artificial intelligence security incidents and substantial artificial intelligence safety incidents.

(C) Identify and provide guidelines, best practices, methodologies, procedures, and processes for tracking and reporting substantial artificial intelligence security incidents and substantial artificial intelligence safety incidents across different sectors and use cases.

(D) Support the development of standardized reporting and documentation mechanisms, including automated mechanisms, that would help provide information, including public information, regarding substantial artificial intelligence security incidents and substantial artificial intelligence safety incidents.

(E) Support the development of norms for reporting of substantial artificial intelligence security incidents and substantial artificial intelligence safety incidents, taking into account when it is appropriate to publicly disclose such incidents.

(3) REPORT.—Not later than three years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall submit to Congress a report on a process relating to the voluntary collection, reporting, and tracking of substantial artificial intelligence security incidents and substantial artificial intelligence safety incidents under paragraph (1). Such report shall include the following:

(A) Findings from the multi-stakeholder process referred to in such paragraph.

(B) An assessment of and recommendations for establishing reporting and collection mechanisms by which industry, academia, nonprofit organizations, standards development organizations, civil society groups, and appropriate public sector entities may voluntarily share standardized information regarding substantial artificial intelligence security incidents and substantial artificial intelligence safety incidents.

(c) Limitation.—Nothing in this section provides the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology with any enforcement authority that was not in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this section.

(d) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.—The term “artificial intelligence” has the meaning given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401).

(2) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SECURITY VULNERABILITY.—The term “artificial intelligence security vulnerability” means a weakness in an artificial intelligence system, system security procedures, internal controls, or implementation that could be exploited or triggered by a threat source.

(3) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM.—The term “artificial intelligence system”—

(A) means any data system, software, application, tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or other forms of artificial intelligence, whether—

(i) the data system, software, application, tool, or utility is established primarily for the purpose of researching, developing, or implementing artificial intelligence technology; or

(ii) artificial intelligence capability is integrated into another system or agency business process, operational activity, or technology system; and

(B) does not include any common commercial product within which artificial intelligence is embedded, such as a word processor or map navigation system.

(4) NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION.—The term “nonprofit organization” has the meaning given such term in section 201 of title 35, United States Code.

(5) SECTOR RISK MANAGEMENT AGENCY.—The term “Sector Risk Management Agency” has the meaning given such term in section 2200 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 650).

(6) THREAT SOURCE.—The term “threat source” means any of the following:

(A) An intent and method targeted at the intentional exploitation of a vulnerability.

(B) A situation and method that may accidentally trigger a vulnerability.

(a) In general.—There is established in the Department of Labor the AI Workforce Research Hub (in this section referred to as the “Hub”).

(b) Duties.—The Secretary of Labor, acting through the Hub and in collaboration with the Commissioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Director of the U.S. Census Bureau, and the Director of the Bureau of Economic Analysis, shall carry out the following:

(1) Evaluate the impact of AI on the labor market and the experience of United States workers.

(2) Produce recurring evaluations of such impact.

(3) Conduct scenario planning for a range of potential levels of such impact.

(4) Identify insights to inform workforce and education policy with respect to such impact.

(c) AI defined.—In this section, the term “AI” has the meaning given the term “artificial intelligence” in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401).

Section 22A of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278h–1) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i); and

(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the following new subsection:

“(h) Development of resources for small businesses in utilizing artificial intelligence.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall, in carrying out subsection (a), develop or identify, and disseminate (in accordance with paragraph (4)), resources for small business concerns (as defined in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)) relating to artificial intelligence. Such resources may include technical standards, best practices, benchmarks, methodologies, procedures, or processes for the understanding, adoption, or integration of artificial intelligence.

“(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The Director shall ensure that the resources described in paragraph (1) satisfy the following requirements:

“(A) Are generally applicable and usable by a wide range of small business concerns.

“(B) Include elements that promote basic understanding, identification, and adoption of proper use cases of artificial intelligence.

“(C) Include case studies of practical application across a range of business sizes and types.

“(D) Are technology-neutral and relevant to technologies that are accessible and suitable for small business concerns.

“(E) Are based on international voluntary standards as applicable, and are consistent with the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.).

“(F) Include recommendations and references to existing Federal educational resources, including the risk management framework under subsection (c) and activities relating to the national cybersecurity awareness and education program under section 303 of the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014 (15 U.S.C. 7443).

“(3) REVIEW AND UPDATE OF RESOURCES.—Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this subsection and not less frequently than once every two years thereafter, the Director shall carry out the following:

“(A) Review the resources described in paragraph (1).

“(B) Update such resources as the Director considers appropriate.

“(4) DISSEMINATION AND USE OF TRAINING RESOURCES.—The Director shall coordinate with the Administrator of the Small Business Administration regarding the distribution and use through the resource partners of the Small Business Administration of the resources described in paragraph (1).

“(5) VOLUNTARY RESOURCES.—The use of the resources described in paragraph (1) shall be considered voluntary.

“(6) REPORT.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than four years after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Director shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the development, identification, dissemination, and use of the resources described in paragraph (1), including updates made pursuant to paragraph (3).

“(B) CONTENTS.—The report under subparagraph (A) shall include the following:

“(i) A list of the resources described in paragraph (1), including updates made pursuant to paragraph (3).

“(ii) Relevant feedback from recipients of such resources, and disseminators of such resources pursuant to paragraph (4).

“(iii) Recommendations to Congress for further actions to help with the utilization of artificial intelligence by small business concerns.”.

(a) Definitions.—Section 1309 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (15 U.S.C. 6851) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by inserting “or nonconsensual activity involving digital forgeries” after “intimate images”; and

(2) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (2), by inserting “competent,” after “conscious,”;

(B) by striking paragraph (3);

(C) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (3);

(D) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (6) as paragraphs (6) and (7), respectively;

(E) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:

“(4) IDENTIFIABLE INDIVIDUAL.—The term ‘identifiable individual’ means an individual whose body appears in whole or in part in an intimate visual depiction or intimate digital forgery and who is identifiable by virtue of the individual’s face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as a unique birthmark or other recognizable feature, or from information displayed in connection with the intimate visual depiction or intimate digital forgery.

“(5) INTIMATE DIGITAL FORGERY.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘intimate digital forgery’ means any intimate visual depiction of an identifiable individual that—

“(i) falsely represents, in whole or in part—

“(I) the identifiable individual; or

“(II) the conduct or content that makes the visual depiction intimate;

“(ii) is created through the use of software, machine learning, artificial intelligence, or any other computer-generated or technological means, including by adapting, modifying, manipulating, or altering an authentic visual depiction; and

“(iii) is indistinguishable from an authentic visual depiction of the identifiable individual when viewed as a whole by a reasonable person.

“(B) LABELS, DISCLOSURE, AND CONTEXT.—Any visual depiction described in subparagraph (A) constitutes an intimate digital forgery for purposes of this paragraph regardless of whether a label, information disclosed with the visual depiction, or the context or setting in which the visual depiction is disclosed states or implies that the visual depiction is not authentic.”; and

(F) in paragraph (6)(A), as so redesignated—

(i) in clause (i), by striking “or” at the end;

(ii) in clause (ii)—

(I) in subclause (I), by striking “individual;” and inserting “individual; or”; and

(II) by striking subclause (III); and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

“(iii) an identifiable individual engaging in sexually explicit conduct; and”.

(b) Civil action.—Section 1309(b) of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (15 U.S.C. 6851(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (5)—

“(i) an identifiable individual whose intimate visual depiction is disclosed, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce or using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce, without the consent of the identifiable individual, where such disclosure was made by a person who knows or recklessly disregards that the identifiable individual has not consented to such disclosure, may bring a civil action against that person in an appropriate district court of the United States for relief as set forth in paragraph (3);

“(ii) an identifiable individual who is the subject of an intimate digital forgery may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court of the United States for relief as set forth in paragraph (3) against any person that knowingly produced or possessed the intimate digital forgery with intent to disclose it, knowingly disclosed the intimate digital forgery, or knowingly solicited and received the intimate digital forgery, if—

“(I) the identifiable individual did not consent to such production or possession with intent to disclose, disclosure, or solicitation and receipt;

“(II) the person knew or recklessly disregarded that the identifiable individual did not consent to such production or possession with intent to disclose, disclosure, or solicitation and receipt; and

“(III) such production or possession with intent to disclose, disclosure, or solicitation and receipt, is in or affects interstate or foreign commerce or uses any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce; and

“(iii) an identifiable individual who is the subject of an intimate digital forgery may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court of the United States for relief as set forth in paragraph (3) against any person that knowingly produced the intimate digital forgery if—

“(I) the identifiable individual did not consent to such production;

“(II) the person knew or recklessly disregarded that the identifiable individual—

“(aa) did not consent to such production; and

“(bb) was harmed, or was reasonably likely to be harmed, by the production; and

“(III) such production is in or affects interstate or foreign commerce or uses any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce.”; and

(B) in subparagraph (B)—

(i) in the subparagraph heading, by inserting “identifiable” before “individuals”; and

(ii) by striking “an individual who is under 18 years of age, incompetent, incapacitated, or deceased, the legal guardian of the individual” and inserting “an identifiable individual who is under 18 years of age, incompetent, incapacitated, or deceased, the legal guardian of the identifiable individual”;

(2) in paragraph (2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A)—

(i) by inserting “identifiable” before “individual”;

(ii) by striking “depiction” and inserting “intimate visual depiction or intimate digital forgery”; and

(iii) by striking “distribution” and inserting “disclosure, solicitation, or possession”; and

(B) in subparagraph (B)—

(i) by inserting “identifiable” before “individual”;

(ii) by inserting “or intimate digital forgery” after “depiction” each place it appears; and

(iii) by inserting “, solicitation, or possession” after “disclosure”;

(3) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (5);

(4) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:

“(3) RELIEF.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—In a civil action filed under this section, an identifiable individual may recover—

“(i) damages as provided under subparagraph (C); and

“(ii) the cost of the action, including reasonable attorney fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred.

“(B) PUNITIVE DAMAGES AND OTHER RELIEF.—The court may, in addition to any other relief available at law, award punitive damages or order equitable relief, including a temporary restraining order, a preliminary injunction, or a permanent injunction ordering the defendant to delete, destroy, or cease to display or disclose the intimate visual depiction or intimate digital forgery.

“(C) DAMAGES.—For purposes of subparagraph (A)(i), the identifiable individual may recover—

“(i) liquidated damages in the amount of—

“(I) $150,000; or

“(II) $250,000 if the conduct at issue in the claim was—

“(aa) committed in relation to actual or attempted sexual assault, stalking, or harassment of the identifiable individual by the defendant; or

“(bb) the direct and proximate cause of actual or attempted sexual assault, stalking, or harassment of the identifiable individual by any person; or

“(ii) actual damages sustained by the individual, which shall include any profits of the defendant that are attributable to the conduct at issue in the claim that are not otherwise taken into account in computing the actual damages.

“(D) CALCULATION OF DEFENDANT’S PROFIT.—For purposes of subparagraph (C)(ii), to establish the defendant’s profits, the identifiable individual shall be required to present proof only of the gross revenue of the defendant, and the defendant shall be required to prove the deductible expenses of the defendant and the elements of profit attributable to factors other than the conduct at issue in the claim.

“(4) PRESERVATION OF PRIVACY.—In a civil action filed under this section, the court may issue an order to protect the privacy of a plaintiff, including by—

“(A) permitting the plaintiff to use a pseudonym;

“(B) requiring the parties to redact the personal identifying information of the plaintiff from any public filing, or to file such documents under seal; and

“(C) issuing a protective order for purposes of discovery, which may include an order indicating that any intimate visual depiction or intimate digital forgery shall remain in the care, custody, and control of the court.”;

(5) in paragraph (5)(A), as so redesignated—

(A) by striking “image” and inserting “visual depiction or intimate digital forgery”; and

(B) by striking “depicted” and inserting “identifiable”; and

(6) by adding at the end the following:

“(6) STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.—Any action commenced under this section shall be barred unless the complaint is filed not later than 10 years from the later of—

“(A) the date on which the identifiable individual reasonably discovers the violation that forms the basis for the claim; or

“(B) the date on which the identifiable individual reaches 18 years of age.

“(7) DUPLICATIVE RECOVERY BARRED.—No relief may be ordered under paragraph (3) against a person who is subject to a judgment under section 2255 of title 18, United States Code, for the same conduct involving the same identifiable individual and the same intimate visual depiction or intimate digital forgery.”.

(c) Continued applicability of Federal, State, and Tribal law.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—This subtitle shall not be construed to impair, supersede, or limit a provision of Federal, State, or Tribal law.

(2) NO PREEMPTION.—Nothing in this subtitle shall prohibit a State or Tribal government from adopting and enforcing a provision of law governing disclosure of intimate images or nonconsensual activity involving an intimate digital forgery, as defined in section 1309(a) of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (15 U.S.C. 6851(a)), as amended by this subtitle, that is at least as protective of the rights of a victim as this subtitle.

(a) Severability.—If any provision of this subtitle, an amendment made by this subtitle, or the application of such a provision or amendment to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remaining provisions of and amendments made by this subtitle, and the application of the provision or amendment held to be unconstitutional to any other person or circumstance, shall not be affected thereby.

(b) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this subtitle, or an amendment made by this subtitle, shall be construed to limit or expand any law pertaining to intellectual property.

(a) Mail fraud.—Section 1341 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by striking “$1,000,000” and inserting “$2,000,000”; and

(2) by inserting after the period at the end the following: “If the violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, such person shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.”.

(b) Wire fraud.—Section 1343 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by striking “$1,000,000” and inserting “$2,000,000”; and

(2) by inserting after the period at the end the following: “If the violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, such person shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.”.

(c) Bank fraud.—Section 1344 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by striking “Whoever knowingly” and inserting the following:

“(a) In general.—Whoever knowingly”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(b) Artificial intelligence.—Whoever commits subsection (a) with the assistance of artificial intelligence shall be fined not more than $2,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both.”.

(d) Artificial intelligence defined.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1346 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(A) by amending the section heading to read as follows: “Definitions”;

(B) by striking “chapter, the term” and inserting the following: chapter—

“(1) the term”;

(C) by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(D) by adding at the end the following:

“(2) the term ‘artificial intelligence’ has the meaning given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401).”.

(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections for chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 1346 and inserting the following:

“1346. Definitions.”.

(e) Money laundering.—Section 1956 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (1), in the continuation text following subparagraph (B)(ii), by inserting after “or both” the following: “, or, in the case that such violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or thrice the value of the monetary instrument or funds involved in the transaction, whichever is greater, or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both”;

(B) in paragraph (2), in the continuation text following subparagraph (B)(ii), by inserting after “or both” the following: “, or, in the case that such violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or thrice the value of the monetary instrument or funds involved in the transportation, transmission, or transfer, whichever is greater, or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both”; and

(C) in paragraph (3), in the continuation text following subparagraph (C), by inserting after “or both” the following: “, or, in the case that such violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both”; and

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (8), by striking “and” at the end;

(B) in paragraph (9), by striking the period and inserting “; and”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(10) the term ‘artificial intelligence’ has the meaning given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401).”.

Section 912 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after “or both” the following: “, or, in the case that such violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence (as such term is defined in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401)), shall be fined not more than $1,000,000, or imprisoned not more than three years, or both”.

In this subtitle:

(1) AI SECURITY VULNERABILITY.—The term “AI security vulnerability” means any failure or lapse in security that could potentially allow emerging artificial intelligence technology to be acquired by a person (including a foreign entity) by theft or other means.

(2) AI VIOLATION.—The term “AI violation” means—

(A) any violation of Federal law, including rules and regulations, related to or committed during the development, deployment, or use of artificial intelligence; or

(B) any failure to appropriately respond to a substantial and specific danger that the development, deployment, or use of artificial intelligence may pose to public safety, public health, or national security.

(3) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.—The term “artificial intelligence” includes any of the following:

(A) An artificial system that performs tasks under varying and unpredictable circumstances without significant human oversight, or that can learn from experience and improve performance when exposed to data sets.

(B) An artificial system developed in computer software, physical hardware, or other context that solves tasks requiring human-like perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or physical action.

(C) An artificial system designed to think or act like a human, including cognitive architectures and neural networks.

(D) A set of techniques, including machine learning, that are designed to approximate a cognitive task.

(E) An artificial system designed to act rationally, including an intelligent software agent or embodied robot that achieves goals using perception, planning, reasoning, learning, communicating, decision making, and acting.

(4) ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM.—The term “artificial system”—

(A) means any data system, software, application, tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or other forms of artificial intelligence, including in the case—

(i) the data system, software, application, tool, or utility is established primarily for the purpose of researching, developing, or implementing artificial intelligence technology; or

(ii) artificial intelligence capability is integrated into another system or agency business process, operational activity, or technology system; and

(B) does not include any common commercial product within which artificial intelligence is embedded, such as a word processor or map navigation system.

(5) COMMERCE; INDUSTRY OR ACTIVITY AFFECTING COMMERCE.—The terms “commerce” and “industry or activity affecting commerce” mean any activity, business, or industry in commerce or in which a labor dispute would hinder or obstruct commerce or the free flow of commerce, and include “commerce” and any “industry affecting commerce”, as defined in section 501 of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947 (29 U.S.C. 142).

(6) COVERED INDIVIDUAL.—The term “covered individual” includes—

(A) an employee, including a former employee; and

(B) an independent contractor, including a former independent contractor.

(7) EMERGING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY.—The term “emerging artificial intelligence technology”, with respect to an AI security vulnerability, means any artificial system that exhibits a level of performance, complexity, or autonomy that is comparable to or exceeds capabilities that are generally considered state-of-the-art as of the time of the AI security vulnerability.

(8) EMPLOYER.—The term “employer” means any person (including any officer, employee, contractor, subcontractor, agent, company, partnership, or other individual or entity) engaged in commerce or an industry or activity affecting commerce who pays any compensation to a covered individual in exchange for the covered individual providing work to the person.

(a) Prohibition against retaliation.—No employer may, directly or indirectly, discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, blacklist, harass, or in any other manner discriminate against a covered individual in the terms and conditions of employment or post-employment of the covered individual (or the terms and conditions of work provided by the covered individual as an independent contractor) because of any lawful act done by the covered individual—

(1) in providing information regarding an AI security vulnerability or AI violation, or any conduct that the covered individual reasonably believes constitutes an AI security vulnerability or AI violation, to—

(A) the appropriate regulatory official or the Attorney General;

(B) a regulatory or law enforcement agency; or

(C) any Member of Congress or any committee of Congress;

(2) in initiating, testifying in, or assisting in any investigation or judicial or administrative action of an appropriate regulatory or law enforcement agency or the Department of Justice, or any investigation of Congress, based upon or related to the information described in paragraph (1); or

(3) in providing information regarding an AI security vulnerability or AI violation, or any conduct that the covered individual reasonably believes constitutes an AI security vulnerability or AI violation, to—

(A) a person with supervisory authority over the covered individual at the employer of the covered individual; or

(B) another individual working for the employer described in subparagraph (A) whom the covered individual reasonably believes has the authority to—

(i) investigate, discover, or terminate the misconduct; or

(ii) take any other action to address the misconduct.

(b) Enforcement.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—A covered individual who alleges such individual is aggrieved by a violation of subsection (a) may seek relief under paragraph (3) by—

(A) filing a complaint with the Secretary of Labor in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (2)(A); or

(B) if the Secretary of Labor has not issued a final decision in accordance with such paragraph within 180 days of the filing of such complaint, and there is no showing that such a delay is due to the bad faith of the covered individual, bringing an action against the employer at law or in equity in the appropriate district court of the United States, which shall have jurisdiction over such an action without regard to the amount in controversy.

(2) PROCEDURE.—

(A) DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COMPLAINTS.—

(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in clause (ii) and paragraph (3), a complaint filed with the Secretary of Labor under paragraph (1)(A) shall be governed by the rules and procedures set forth in section 42121(b) of title 49, United States Code, including the legal burdens of proof described in such section.

(ii) EXCEPTIONS.—With respect to a complaint filed under paragraph (1)(A), notification required under section 42121(b)(1) of title 49, United States Code, shall be made to each person named in the complaint, including the employer.

(B) DISTRICT COURT ACTIONS.—

(i) JURY TRIAL.—A party to an action brought under paragraph (1)(B) shall be entitled to trial by jury.

(ii) STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.—

(I) IN GENERAL.—An action may not be brought under paragraph (1)(B)—

(aa) more than 6 years after the date on which the violation of subsection (a) occurs; or

(bb) more than 3 years after the date on which facts material to the right of action are known, or reasonably should have been known, by the covered individual bringing the action.

(II) REQUIRED ACTION WITHIN 10 YEARS.—Notwithstanding subclause (I), an action under paragraph (1)(B) may not in any circumstance be brought more than 10 years after the date on which the violation occurs.

(3) RELIEF.—Relief for a covered individual prevailing with respect to a complaint filed under paragraph (1)(A) or an action under paragraph (1)(B) shall include—

(A) reinstatement with the same seniority status that the covered individual would have had, but for the violation;

(B) two times the amount of back pay otherwise owed to the covered individual, with interest;

(C) the payment of compensatory damages, which shall include compensation for litigation costs, expert witness fees, and reasonable attorneys’ fees; and

(D) any other appropriate remedy with respect to the violation as determined by the Secretary of Labor in a complaint under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) or by the court in an action under subparagraph (B) of such paragraph.

(c) Nonenforceability waivers of rights or remedies.—The rights and remedies provided for in this section may not be waived or altered by any contract, agreement, policy form, or condition of employment (or condition of work as an independent contractor), including by any agreement requiring a covered individual to engage in arbitration, mediation, or any other alternative dispute resolution process prior to seeking relief under subsection (b).

The Director of the National Science Foundation shall take such actions as may be necessary to provide to the STEM Teachers Corps Pilot Program and the Computer Science for All Program of the Foundation general support in accordance with the recommendations of the AI Task Force established on February 20, 2024, of the House of Representatives.

(a) In general.—Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

(b) Credit made part of general business credit.—Subsection (b) of section 38 of such Code is amended—

(1) by striking “plus” at the end of paragraph (40),

(2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (41) and inserting “, plus”, and

(3) by inserting after paragraph (41) the following new paragraph:

“(42) the employee cybersecurity education credit determined under section 45BB(a).”.

(c) Denial of double benefit.—Subsection (a) of section 280C of such Code is amended by inserting “45BB(a),” after “45S(a),”.

(d) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections for subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

“Sec. 45BB. Employee cybersecurity education.”.

(e) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(a) In general.—The head of an executive agency shall award a five percent score increase to each competitive proposal submitted by a qualified offeror for the evaluation of a competitive proposal received in response to a solicitation for a contract valued in excess of $5,000,000.

(b) Applicability.—This section shall apply with respect to any solicitation issued on an after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(c) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) EXECUTIVE AGENCY.—The term “executive agency” has the meaning given such term in section 102 of title 40, United States Code.

(2) QUALIFIED OFFEROR.—The term “qualified offeror” means a business that has claimed the employee cybersecurity education credit under section 45BB of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by section 611, at least once within the three-year period preceding the date on which the business submits a competitive proposal for a contract valued in excess of $5,000,000.

(a) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that—

(1) AI literacy education is crucial not only for developing a skilled workforce and positioning the United States as a leader in this critical field, but also for mitigating the ethical challenges associated with AI;

(2) as strategic adversaries pursue AI technology for the purposes of surveillance, weaponization, and economic competition, maintaining United States leadership through an AI literate public is essential;

(3) AI literacy education at the K–12 education levels forms the foundation for success in this competitive environment, and proficiency with these technologies is becoming necessary to be an engaged and informed citizen;

(4) AI technology is rapidly evolving, and current best practices for learning and developing AI literacy today may not be applicable in the future;

(5) awards made under this section should recognize the rapidly evolving nature of AI technology, and identify and focus on those skills that will remain relevant to AI literacy considering likely changes in AI capabilities; and

(6) awards made under this section should recognize student progression to more advanced topics as they progress through K–12 education.

(b) Awards.—The Director may make awards on a merit-reviewed, competitive basis to institutions of higher education and nonprofit organizations (and consortia thereof) to support research activities to develop educational curricula and evaluation methods for AI literacy at the K–12 education level.

(c) Use of award funds.—Activities funded by awards made under this section may include the following:

(1) Formal and informal K–12 education curriculum development focused on the essential abilities and competencies necessary for AI literacy that is learner-centered, project-based, and can be personalized in the classroom.

(2) Engaging State and local educational agencies, principals, educators, and other school leaders of students in kindergarten through grade 12, in professional learning opportunities to—

(A) enhance AI literacy and proficiency; and

(B) develop best practices.

(3) Developing AI literacy evaluation tools for educators assessing proficiency in AI literacy.

(4) Designing and implementing professional development courses and experiences in AI literacy, including mentoring, for State and local educational agencies, principals, educators, and other school leaders that integrate in-person, virtual, and distance learning experiences.

(5) Development of hands-on learning tools to assist in developing and improving AI literacy.

(6) Augmenting existing curriculum to incorporate AI literacy where appropriate, including responsible use of AI in learning.

(7) Additional activities determined appropriate by the Director.

(d) Implementation.—The Director may carry out this section by making awards through new or existing programs.

(e) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) AI.—The term “AI” has the meaning given the term “artificial intelligence” in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401).

(2) AI LITERACY.—The term “AI literacy” means having the age-appropriate knowledge and ability to use AI effectively, to critically interpret outputs, to solve problems in an AI-enabled world, and to safely and ethically use AI.

(3) DIRECTOR.—The term “Director” means the Director of the National Science Foundation.

(4) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given such term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).

(5) K–12 EDUCATION.—The term “K–12 education” means elementary schools and secondary schools, as such terms are defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).

Section 5401 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9451) is amended by—

(1) redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h); and

(2) inserting after subsection (f) the following new subsection:

“(g) Expanding capacity in artificial intelligence.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National Science Foundation, in consultation with agency heads the Director considers appropriate, shall make awards on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis to eligible institutions of higher education specified in paragraph (2) or nonprofit organizations (or consortia thereof) to broaden participation in artificial intelligence research, education, and workforce development by increasing the ability of the United States to increase capacity and partnerships for artificial intelligence research and development.

“(2) ELIGIBLE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION SPECIFIED.—An eligible institution of higher education specified in this paragraph is any of the following:

“(A) An institution of higher education, that, according to the data published by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, is not, on average, among the top 100 institutions in Federal research and development expenditures during the 3-year period prior to the year of the award concerned.

“(B) A historically Black college or university.

“(C) A minority-serving institution.

“(D) A Tribal College or University.

“(E) A consortium of any of the entities specified in subparagraphs (A) through (D).

“(3) COLLABORATIONS.—A consortium receiving an award under this subsection may include any of the following:

“(A) Mutually beneficial partnerships with institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, Federal agencies, State, territorial, local, and Tribal governments, and private sector entities.

“(B) Developing partnerships with any of the following:

“(i) Artificial intelligence research institutes under section 5201.

“(ii) Recipients of other relevant awards made by the Director of the National Science Foundation.

“(4) USE OF FUNDS.—In carrying out the activities under this subsection, an eligible institution of higher education or nonprofit organization (or consortium thereof) shall carry out one or more of the following:

“(A) Development or expansion of research programs in artificial intelligence and related disciplines.

“(B) Faculty recruitment and professional development in artificial intelligence and related disciplines.

“(C) Bridge programs focused on preparing post-baccalaureate students for graduate programs in artificial intelligence and related disciplines.

“(D) Provide or broker access to research resources, including computing resources, networking, data facilities, and software engineering support for artificial intelligence research and development.

“(E) Community building activities to foster mutually beneficial public-private collaboration with Federal research agencies, industry, Federal laboratories, academia, and nonprofit organizations.

“(F) Development and hosting of intra- or inter-institutional workshops to broaden workforce participation in artificial intelligence research and development.

“(G) Activities to integrate ethical and responsible practices and principles into education programs in artificial intelligence and related disciplines.

“(H) Other activities necessary to build research capacity, education pathways, and workforce development pathways in artificial intelligence and related disciplines.

“(5) OUTREACH.—The Director of the National Science Foundation shall—

“(A) conduct outreach to eligible institutions of higher education specified in paragraph (2) and nonprofit organizations to apply for awards under this subsection; and

“(B) engage participants from all regions of the United States, especially individuals from underserved communities and groups historically underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

“(6) DUPLICATION.—The Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure awards made under this section are complimentary to, and not duplicative of, awards made under existing programs.

“(7) ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS.—In making awards under this subsection, the Director of the National Science Foundation may also consider the following:

“(A) The extent to which the eligible institutions of higher education specified in paragraph (2) and nonprofit organizations applying for such awards support students from diverse backgrounds, including first-generation undergraduate students.

“(B) The geographic diversity of such institutions and organizations.

“(C) Relative resource constraints of such institutions and organizations.

“(8) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection:

“(A) HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.—The term ‘historically Black college or university’ has the meaning given the term ‘part B institution’ in section 322 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).

“(B) MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTION.—The term ‘minority-serving institution’ means a Hispanic-serving institution (as defined in section 502 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a)); an Alaska Native-serving institution or Native Hawaiian-serving institution (as defined in section 317 of such Act (20 U.S.C. 1059d)); or a predominantly Black institution, Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institution, or Native American-serving nontribal institution (as defined in section 371 of such Act (20 U.S.C. 1067q)).

“(C) NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘nonprofit organization’ means an organization described in subsection (c)(3) of section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under subsection (a) of such section.

“(D) TRIBAL COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.—The term ‘Tribal College or University’ has the meaning given such term in section 316 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c).”.

Paragraph (2) of section 5401(e) of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9451(e)) is amended—

(1) in the heading, by striking “faculty”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:

“(D) STUDENT SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National Science Foundation may support scholarships and fellowships for undergraduate and graduate students by making awards through institutions of higher education, including community colleges, to students who are enrolled in programs of study leading to degrees or concentrations in or related to the design, research, assessment, development, deployment, integration, or application of artificial intelligence.

“(ii) CONSIDERATIONS.—In carrying out clause (i), the Director of the National Science Foundation may prioritize making awards to students who are enrolled in programs of study leading to degrees or concentrations in or related to any of the following:

“(I) The teaching of artificial intelligence at elementary schools, secondary schools, career and technical education schools, institutions of higher education, or through other higher education and professional education programs.

“(II) Artificial intelligence and advanced manufacturing, including the integration of artificial intelligence into advanced manufacturing operations.

“(III) Artificial intelligence and agriculture, including the integration of artificial intelligence into agricultural operations, prediction, and decision making.

“(iii) AWARDS.—Scholarships and fellowships awarded under this subparagraph may be in the form of awards that cover the cost of tuition, education-related fees, a stipend, and professional development funds for a period of up to five years. Such scholarships and fellowships shall be paid directly to the institution of higher education in which the student is enrolled.

“(iv) OUTREACH.—The Director of the National Science Foundation shall conduct outreach and encourage applications from rural-located institutions of higher education, rural-serving institutions of higher education (as such term is defined in section 861 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1161q)), Tribal Colleges and Universities (as such term is defined in section 316 of such Act (20 U.S.C. 1059c)), and institutions located in an Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) jurisdiction.

“(v) METHOD.—The Director of the National Science Foundation may carry out this subparagraph by making awards through new or existing programs.

“(E) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FELLOWSHIPS.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National Science Foundation may support activities to promote the exchange of ideas and encourage collaborations between institutions of higher education and industry partners in the field of artificial intelligence, including through fellowships for students, teachers, faculty, and industry professionals.

“(ii) SUPPLEMENTALS FOR STUDENTS AND FACULTY.—The Director of the National Science Foundation may award fellowships for students and faculty to pursue professional development programs in STEM fields that are administered by or affiliated with institutions of higher education, including community colleges, in order to enable recipients to attain skills, training, or education in partnership with industry members on the design, research, assessment, development, deployment, integration, or application of artificial intelligence.

“(iii) FELLOWSHIPS FOR INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS.—The Director of the National Science Foundation may award fellowships to industry professionals to enable recipients to seek short-term appointments to instruct and educate students on the design, research, assessment, development, deployment, integration, or application of artificial intelligence.

“(iv) FELLOWSHIPS FOR SCHOOL PROFESSIONALS.—The Director of the National Science Foundation may award fellowships to teachers, school counselors, and other school professionals for professional development programs in order to enable recipients to attain skills, training, or education in partnership with industry members on the teaching, use of, or application of artificial intelligence in K–12 education settings.

“(v) AWARDS.—Awards made under this subparagraph may be in the form of awards that cover the cost of tuition, education-related fees, a stipend, and professional development funds for up to one year. Such awards shall be paid directly to the institution of higher education that administers, or is affiliated with, the program in which the fellowship recipient is participating.

“(F) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION OUTREACH CAMPAIGN.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National Science Foundation may carry out a nationwide outreach campaign to students at elementary schools, secondary schools, career and technical education schools, institutions of higher education, or through other higher education and professional education programs to increase awareness regarding National Science Foundation-funded artificial intelligence education opportunities.

“(ii) PRIORITY.—In carrying out the campaign described in clause (i), the Director of the National Science Foundation may prioritize outreach to groups historically underrepresented in STEM, including in underserved and rural areas.

“(G) ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible to receive a scholarship or fellowship under this paragraph, an individual shall satisfy all of the following:

“(i) Be a citizen, national, or lawful permanent resident of the United States.

“(ii) Demonstrate a commitment to a career in advancing the field of artificial intelligence.

“(iii) Accept the terms of such scholarship or fellowship, as the case may be.

“(H) REPORT.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than seven years after the date of the enactment of this subparagraph, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall submit to Congress, and make widely available to the public, a report including any recommendations for legislative action that could optimize the effectiveness of the scholarships and fellowships under this paragraph.

“(ii) REPORT REQUIREMENTS.—In preparing the report under clause (i), the Director of the National Science Foundation may, as practicable—

“(I) include an assessment of the effectiveness of such scholarships and fellowships in expanding apprenticeships, internships, and other applied or experiential learning opportunities offered by employers in conjunction with community colleges or other institutions of higher education;

“(II) assess the number of students who received such scholarships and fellowships;

“(III) assess the percentage of such students who successfully complete their education programs and intend to enter the workforce;

“(IV) assess the percentage of undergraduate, graduate, and post-doctoral students who enter the workforce in a field relating to such a scholarship or fellowship;

“(V) assess the impact in the number of K–12 teachers, school counselors, and other school professionals who received such a scholarship or fellowship; and

“(VI) include an assessment of the effects such scholarships and fellowships have on related fields.”.

(a) In general.—Subparagraph (B) of section 5401(e)(3) of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9451(e)(3)) is amended to read as follows:

“(B) CENTERS OF AI EXCELLENCE.—

“(i) DEFINITIONS.—In this subparagraph:

“(I) AREA CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION SCHOOL.—The term ‘area career and technical education school’ has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2302).

“(II) ELIGIBLE APPLICANT.—The term ‘eligible applicant’ means a community college, or area career and technical education school, in partnership with one or more of the following:

“(aa) A Federal, State, local, territorial, or Tribal government entity.

“(bb) An institution of higher education.

“(cc) An entity in private industry.

“(dd) An economic development organization or venture development organization.

“(ee) A labor or workforce training organization, which may include State workforce development boards and local workforce development boards as established under sections 101 and 107 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3111 and 3122).

“(ff) A nonprofit organization.

“(III) NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘nonprofit organization’ has the meaning given such term in section 201 of title 35, United States Code.

“(IV) VENTURE DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘venture development organization’ has the meaning given such term in section 27 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3722).

“(ii) ESTABLISHMENT OF CENTERS OF AI EXCELLENCE.—The Director of the National Science Foundation, in coordination with the Regional Technology and Innovation Hub program of the Department of Commerce, and leveraging the Regional Innovation Engines, the Advanced Technological Education program, and other programs of the National Science Foundation, shall establish up to eight regionally and geographically diverse eligible applicants to be designated as Community College and Area Career and Technical Education Centers of AI Excellence (referred to in this subparagraph as ‘Centers of AI Excellence’). Such Centers of AI Excellence shall enhance educational outcomes and drive workforce development by integrating artificial intelligence into teaching, learning, and community engagement.

“(iii) APPLICATION.—An eligible applicant seeking to be designated as a Center of AI Excellence shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director may require. Such application shall include the following:

“(I) A description of the focus area or areas for such proposed Center of AI Excellence and how such area or areas are aligned with regional investments made by industry and the Federal Government.

“(II) A description of the capacity of such applicant to carry out the purpose of such proposed Center of AI Excellence.

“(III) A description of current and anticipated future workforce demands in occupations directly related to such proposed Center of AI Excellence.

“(IV) A description of how such applicant will support the collection of information and data for evaluating such proposed Center of AI Excellence.

“(V) Outreach plans for recruiting and enrolling women and other underrepresented populations.

“(VI) An evaluation plan that includes the use of outcome-oriented measures to assess the impact and efficacy of such proposed Center for AI Excellence.

“(iv) ACTIVITIES.—A Center of AI Excellence shall develop and disseminate information regarding best practices for matters such as the following:

“(I) Artificial intelligence research and education at community colleges and area career and technical education schools.

“(II) Methods to scale up successful programs that perform research or provide education on artificial intelligence at community colleges and area career and technical education schools.

“(III) Providing educators and teachers with actionable strategies and resources to effectively integrate artificial intelligence into curriculums in the classroom.

“(IV) Providing hands-on research opportunities on artificial intelligence and learning opportunities for students that are enabled through artificial intelligence.

“(V) Identifying pathways for students to jobs that are enabled by artificial intelligence.

“(VI) Facilitating partnerships with employers, employer consortia, or other private sector organizations that offer apprenticeships, internships, cooperative education, or applied learning experiences in the field of artificial intelligence.

“(v) PARTNERSHIPS.—The Director of the National Science Foundation shall encourage applicants to consider including or partnering with a nonprofit organization or an institution of higher education (or a consortium thereof) that has extensive experience and expertise in artificial intelligence.

“(vi) ACCOUNTABILITY AND DISSEMINATION.—

“(I) EVALUATION REQUIRED.—The Director of the National Science Foundation shall evaluate the activities under clause (iv). Such evaluation, to the extent practicable, shall integrate the findings of research resulting from such activity or activities as a result of a designation under clause (ii) with the findings of other research on artificial intelligence education.

“(II) REPORT ON EVALUATION.—Not later than 180 days after the completion of the evaluation under subclause (I), the Director of the National Science Foundation shall submit to Congress and make widely available to the public a report that includes the following:

“(aa) The results of such evaluation.

“(bb) Any recommendations for administrative and legislative action that could optimize the effectiveness of the designations under clause (ii).”.

(a) In general.—Section 5401 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9451), as amended by section 631, is further amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (j); and

(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the following new subsections:

“(h) Awards for research on artificial intelligence in education.—

“(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection:

“(A) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘eligible entity’ means any of the following:

“(i) An institution of higher education.

“(ii) A nonprofit organization.

“(iii) A consortium of one or more institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations and one or more private sector entities.

“(B) NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘nonprofit organization’ has the meaning given such term in section 201 of title 35, United States Code.

“(2) AWARDS.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National Science Foundation may make awards on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis to eligible entities, to enable such entities to promote research regarding teaching models, tools, and materials for artificial intelligence and its integration into the classroom, teaching, and learning for pre-kindergarten through grade 12 students who are from low-income, rural, or Tribal populations.

“(B) METHOD.—The Director of the National Science Foundation may carry out subparagraph (A) by making awards through new or existing programs.

“(3) APPLICATION.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity that seeks an award under this subsection shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director may require.

“(B) CONTENTS.—An application under subparagraph (A) may include the following:

“(i) A description of the student demographics on which the research supported under the award at issue would intend to focus.

“(ii) A description of any regional partnerships the eligible entity plans to utilize with respect to such award.

“(iii) With respect to an application that concerns the use or integration of artificial intelligence, a description of potential ethical concerns and implications of teacher, faculty, and student interactions with artificial intelligence.

“(iv) A description of how proposed research on teaching models, tools, and materials was developed in consultation with other educators, academia, industry, government entities, or civil society organizations.

“(v) Such other information as the Director may require.

“(4) USE OF AWARD FUNDS.—Awards described in paragraph (2)(A) shall be used by the recipient to—

“(A) emphasize preparing incoming K–12 teachers to integrate artificial intelligence into their classrooms in innovative ways; and

“(B) support research to develop, pilot, fully implement, or test areas, such as—

“(i) instructional materials and high-quality learning opportunities for teaching artificial intelligence;

“(ii) models for the preparation of new teachers who will teach artificial intelligence;

“(iii) scalable models of professional development and ongoing support for teachers; and

“(iv) tools and models for teaching and learning aimed at supporting student success and inclusion in artificial intelligence across diverse populations, including low-income, rural, and Tribal populations.

“(5) PARTNERSHIPS.—In making awards under this subsection, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall carry out the following:

“(A) Encourage applicants that, for the purpose of the proposed activity or activities funded through such award, include or partner with a nonprofit organization or an institution of higher education (or a consortium thereof) that has extensive experience and expertise in integrating artificial intelligence into K–12 classrooms.

“(B) Encourage applicants that, for the purpose of such proposed activity or activities, include or partner with a consortium of schools, institutions of higher education, school districts, or other State and local government entities.

“(C) Encourage applicants that, for the purpose of such proposed activity or activities, include commitments from school principals, other school leaders, or administrators to make a priority reforms and activities proposed by the applicant.

“(i) Rural and underserved communities artificial intelligence collaborative.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National Science Foundation may establish a pilot program of regional cohorts in rural and traditionally underserved areas that will provide peer support, mentoring, and hands-on research experiences for educators, principals, and other school leaders of students in kindergarten through grade 12, in order to build a network allowing educators, principals, other school leaders to carry out the following:

“(A) Engage with one another on educational efforts related to teaching and using artificial intelligence.

“(B) Interact with researchers, academia, and local industry involved in artificial intelligence.

“(2) METHOD.—The Director of the National Science Foundation may carry out this subsection by making awards through new or existing programs, including the pilot program authorized under section 10511(a)(2)(B) of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19172(a)(2)(B)).”.

Paragraph (6) of section 10311(c) of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18991(c)) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (F), by striking “and” after the semicolon;

(2) in subparagraph (G), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

(3) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:

“(H) incorporating artificial intelligence skills development into the National STEM Teacher Corps; and

“(I) considering whether to develop artificial intelligence best practices for high school teachers, developed in consultation with other educators and academia.”.