The "Strengthening Transaction Oversight and Preventing Payments Fraud Act of 2026" aims to amend the Expedited Funds Availability Act to address fraud concerns related to checks and wire transfers. The bill allows depository institutions to place holds on funds if there is reasonable suspicion of fraud, extending hold timelines, and prescribing additional notifications. It also addresses greater fraud risks by extending hold periods for specific circumstances. Additionally, the Comptroller General will conduct a study and provide a report to Congress on funds availability, fraud safeguards, and reform options. The Board of Governors and the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection are required to adopt final rules within a year, with amendments taking effect 60 days after the rules are adopted.