Ҥ 120. Crimes targeting law enforcement officers

“(a) In general.—Whoever, in any circumstance described in subsection (b), knowingly causes bodily injury to any person, or attempts to do so, because of the actual or perceived status of the person as a law enforcement officer—

“(1) shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, fined in accordance with this title, or both; and

“(2) shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life, fined in accordance with this title, or both, if—

“(A) death results from the offense; or

“(B) the offense includes kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, or an attempt to kill.

“(b) Circumstances described.—For purposes of subsection (a), the circumstances described in this subparagraph are that—

“(1) the conduct described in subsection (a) occurs during the course of, or as the result of, the travel of the defendant or the victim—

“(A) across a State line or national border; or

“(B) using a channel, facility, or instrumentality of interstate or foreign commerce;

“(2) the defendant uses a channel, facility, or instrumentality of interstate or foreign commerce in connection with the conduct described in subsection (a);

“(3) in connection with the conduct described in subsection (a), the defendant employs a firearm, dangerous weapon, explosive or incendiary device, or other weapon that has traveled in interstate or foreign commerce; or

“(4) the conduct described in subsection (a)—

“(A) interferes with commercial or other economic activity in which the victim is engaged at the time of the conduct; or

“(B) otherwise affects interstate or foreign commerce.

“(c) Certification requirement.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—No prosecution of any offense described in this section may be undertaken by the United States, except under the certification in writing of the Attorney General, or a designee, that—

“(A) the State does not have jurisdiction;

“(B) the State has requested that the Federal Government assume jurisdiction;

“(C) the verdict or sentence obtained pursuant to State charges left demonstratively unvindicated the Federal interest in protecting the public safety; or

“(D) a prosecution by the United States is in the public interest and necessary to secure substantial justice.

“(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to limit the authority of Federal officers, or a Federal grand jury, to investigate possible violations of this section.

“(d) Guidelines.—All prosecutions conducted by the United States under this section shall be undertaken pursuant to guidelines issued by the Attorney General, or the designee of the Attorney General, to be included in the United States Attorneys’ Manual that shall establish neutral and objective criteria for determining whether a crime was committed because of the actual or perceived status of any person.

“(e) Statute of limitations.—

“(1) OFFENSES NOT RESULTING IN DEATH.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), no person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished for any offense under this section unless the indictment for such offense is found, or the information for such offense is instituted, not later than 7 years after the date on which the offense was committed.

“(2) OFFENSES RESULTING IN DEATH.—An indictment or information alleging that an offense under this section resulted in death may be found or instituted at any time without limitation.

“(f) Definitions.—In this section:

“(1) LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER.—The term ‘law enforcement officer’ means an employee of a governmental or public agency who is authorized by law—

“(A) to engage in or supervise the prevention, detention, investigation, or the incarceration of any person for any criminal violation of law; and

“(B) to apprehend or arrest a person for any criminal violation of law.

“(2) STATE.—The term ‘State’ includes the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and any other territory or possession of the United States.”.