The bill aims to establish the Alternative Manure Management Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve carbon sequestration on dairy and livestock operations. It outlines eligibility criteria for producers, contract evaluation criteria, covered management measures, and payment provisions. The bill also includes modifications to existing programs to incorporate 'composting practices'. It amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to include the development of a conservation practice standard for on-farm compost production, aiming to promote sustainable waste management and enhance soil health. This bill is part of a broader effort to support sustainable agriculture and reduce environmental impact.
Converting Our Waste Sustainably (COWS) Act of 2023
This bill establishes an alternative manure management program for eligible dairy and livestock producers and provides specified funds to the program for FY2024 through FY2028.
The Department of Agriculture (USDA) must establish an alternative manure management program to award producers contracts to support carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Producers must implement management measures that include adopting
- pasture-based management;
- alternative manure treatment and storage practices;
- a solid separation system (or installing a new, higher efficiency solid separation system); or
- scrape technologies, including vacuum technologies.
The federal cost share may not exceed 90%. Further, the bill caps the maximum payment to a person or legal entity in any five-year period at $825,000.
USDA must prioritize contracts to entities that address public health concerns (e.g., air quality and water quality) associated with dairy and livestock operations located near low-income or underserved communities. Further, USDA must ensure geographical diversity when awarding contracts.
USDA must also reserve a majority of the program's funds for beginning, limited resource, and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers, as well as farmers and ranchers that continue to transition towards enhanced methods of sequestering carbon dioxide, methane, or nitrous oxide emissions.
The bill also includes composting practices as eligible projects under USDA's Environmental Quality Incentives Program and Conservation Stewardship Program.
Finally, USDA must review practice standards for composting facilities and soil carbon amendments (e.g., compost) and develop and implement a new conservation practice standard for the on-farm production of compost.
