The bill establishes the Office of Energy Affordability within the Department of Energy to review and provide guidance on regulations and policies impacting energy transition. It aims to ensure transparent analysis of energy costs, mitigate economic impacts, and support reliable energy access. The Office must report annually to congressional committees and submit a report on its effectiveness after five years. Definitions for "appropriate congressional committees" and "energy affordability" are provided. The bill emphasizes the importance of affordable energy for residential, commercial, and industrial consumers in proportion to their income or operational costs.